Austronesian Hebrew/Lexicography

Word	Gloss	POS	Root	Pattern	Hebrew	Akkadian	Ugaritic	Other
gu	noise	n.m.	?	*qu	?
zu	this	pron.	-	*qu	זה
pû	mouth	n.m	-	*qu	פה	𒅗	𐎔
po	here	adv.	-	qa	פה	-	-
ŋu	who, which	pron.	-	*qu	ש	𒊭	𐎄
we	and	conj.	-	qi	ו	𒅇	𐎆
'ow	or	conj.	-	qa	או	𒅇	𐎜
'abu	father	n.m.	AB	*qal	אב	𒀊	𐎀𐎁	PAn *aba
kappu	palm, sole, spoon	n.f.	KPP	qaltu	כף	𒀉	𐎋𐎔
'akku	crow, raven	n.m	AKK	qaltu		𒀝𒆪𒌋
'ebbīru	calf, minotaur	n.m.	EBR	qallitu	אביר	𒀫	𐎛𐎁𐎗
'ilu	god	n.m	AL	*qil	אל	𒀭	𐎛𐎍
ŋamāmi	sky, heaven	n.m.	ŠMY	qalu	שמים	𒀭	𐎌𐎎𐎎
'anaku	lead, plumbline	n.m	ANK	qatalu	אנך	𒀭𒈾
kokabu	star	n.m	KB	qāqalu	כוכב	𒀯	𐎋𐎁𐎋𐎁	𐩫𐩥𐩫𐩨 (kwkb)
hemoru	donkey, equid	n.m.	HMR	qitālu	חמור	𒀲	𐎈𐎎𐎗
ŋēkaru	alcoholic drink	n.m.	ŊKR	qitalu	שכר	𒁉
dênu	legal case	n.m.	DYN	qitlu	דין	𒁲𒉡𒌝	𐎄𐎐
'ittatu	wife, woman	n.f.	ANT	*qatl	אשה	𒁮	𐎀𐎘𐎚
'adamu	humanity; red clay	n.m	ADM	*qatal	אדם		𐎀𐎄𐎎
'ahabtu	love	n.f.	AHB	qatal	אהבה		𐎀𐎅𐎁𐎚
ŋalomu	peace, prosperity	n.m.	ŊLM	qatālu	שלם	𒁲	𐎌𐎍𐎎
lohu	tablet, writing	n.m.	LWH	qutu	לוח		𐎍𐎈
bêtu	house, building	n.m.	BYT	*qatl	בית	bītu 𒂍	𐎁𐎚	𐩨𐩺𐩩 (byt)
hêkalu	palace	n.m.	HKL	qitalaru	היכל	𒂍𒃲	𐎅𐎋𐎍
bâlu	master, owner	n.m	BEL	qatlu	בעל	𒂗	𐎁𐎓𐎍
ŋabātu	to hold out (the hand)	v.	ŊBT	qatālu	צבט (ፀበጠ)	𒂟	𐎕𐎁𐎀
malkatu	woman chief	n.f.	MLK	*qalt	מלך	𒂷𒆪	𐎎𐎍𐎋𐎚
'ēmmu	mother	n.f.	AMM	qaltu	אם	𒂼	𐎜𐎎
rabbu	great	adj.	RBB	*qall	רב	𒃲	𐎗𐎁
'êŋu	tree	n.m.	EŊH	qatu	עץ	𒄑	𐎓𐎕
ŋallortu	plum	n.f.	ŊLR	qattālu		𒄒 via Hurrian
kisso	seat, throne	n.m.	KSA	qutalu	כסא	𒄖𒍝	𐎋𐎒𐎜
'alpu	bull, ox	n.m.	ALP	qaltu	אלף	𒄞	𐎀𐎍𐎔
bubu	fish trap	n.m.	B?	ququ				PAn *bubu
yaninu	right side	n.f.	YNN	qatilu	ימין			PMP *wanan
'aduq	ouch!	interj.	?	qatul				PAn *aduq
palê	adobe house, hall	n.m	PLE	qatel				Pan *balay
manqu	chicken	n.f.	MNQ	qatlu				PAn *manuk
sikantu	(edible) fish	n.f.	SKN	qitalu				PAn *Sikan
cumpitu	blowgun	n.f.	CMP	qutli				PAn *sumpit
barku	knee	n.f.	BRK	qatlu	ברך	𒄭	𐎁𐎗𐎋
tobu	good	adj.	TWB	qātu	טוב	𒄭	𐎉𐎁
damu	blood	n.m.	DMM	*qal	דם	𒄷𒄭	𐎄𐎎
'ênu	eye, spring, furrow	n.f.	EYN	qatal	עין	𒅆	𐎓𐎐
panû	side of the face	n.m	PNH	qatal	פנים	𒅆	𐎔𐎐𐎎
'argāmānnu	purple	n.m.	???	???	ארגמן	𒅈𒂵𒌋𒌋𒉡	𐎀𐎗𐎂𐎎𐎐
yāroqu	greenery	n.m.	YRQ	qātālu	ירוק	𒅊	𐎊𐎗𐎖
'akālu	eat, food	n/v	AKL	qatālu	אכל	𒅥	𐎀𐎋𐎍
hāratu	to till, plowland	n/k	HRT	qātalu	חרש	𒀳	𐎈𐎗𐎘
dobû	bear	n.m.	DBB	qātālu	דיב	dabû	𐎄𐎁
qadqalu	crown of the head	n.m.	QDL	qatqal	קדקד	𒊕𒁺	𐎖𐎄𐎖𐎄	(Pan *qulu)
halāku	to walk, go	v	N*LK	qatālu	הלך	𒁺	𐎅𐎍𐎋
kalbu	dog	n.m.	KLB	qaltu	כלב	𒌨	𐎋𐎍𐎁
libbu	heart, center	n.m.	LBB	*qill	לבב	libbu 𒊮	𐎍𐎁
pinnatu	corner, vertebra	n.f.	PNN	*qill	פנה		𐎔𐎐𐎚
'amŋa	last night	adv.	AMŊ	qatla	אמש	𒈪
māyāmi	water (dl)	n.m.	MYA	qataltu	מים	𒀀	𐎎𐎊
qarnu	horn	n.m.	QRN	qatlu	קרן	𒋛	𐎖𐎗𐎐
têlu	hill, island	n.m.	TLL	qātu	תל	tīlu	𐎚𐎍
'oznu	ear	n.f.	AZN	qātlu	אוזן	𒉿	𐎜𐎄𐎐
yarqu	moon, month	n.f.	YRQ	*qatil	ירח	warḫu 𒌗	𐎊𐎗𐎃
sîbu	dingo	n.m.	SAB	qitlu	זאב	𒉡𒌝𒈠𒄷
ŋapŋu	sun, sunset, east	n.f	ŊPŊ	qatlu	שמש	𒌓	𐎌𐎔𐎌
ŋapŋonu	Samson	n.m.	ŊPŊ	qaltān	שמשון
'abnu	stone, rock	n.m.	ABN	qatlu	אבן	abnum 𒉌𒌓	𐎀𐎁𐎐
'aqu	brother	n.m.	AQ	qatu	אח	aḫu 𒋀	𐎀𐎃
'aqotu	sister	n.f.	AQ	qatāl	אחות	aḫātu 𒊩𒌆	𐎀𐎃𐎚
'arŋu	land, earth	n.f.	ARŊ	*qatl	ארץ (but ארעא)	𒆠	𐎀𐎗𐎕
ŋemu	name, fame	n.m.	ŊM	*qil	שם	𒈬	𐎌𐎎
malku	king, chief	n.m.	MLK	qatl	מלך	𒂷𒆪	𐎎𐎍𐎋
mowhu	brain	n.m.	MWH	qatlu	מוח	𒌋𒅗	𐎎𐎈
naŋru	vulture	n.f.	NŊR	qatlu	נשר	𒈾𒀾𒊒	𐎐𐎌𐎗
nûru	kiln, oven	n.m.	NWR	qatlu	נור	𒉡𒌨	𐎐𐎗
yadu	hand, arm	n.f.	YD	qatu	יד		𐎊𐎄
sākaru	male, "manhood"	n.m.	SKR	qātalu	זכר	zikaru 𒍑	𐎏𐎋𐎗
talgu	snow, ice	n.f.	TLG	fatly	שלג	šalgu	𐎘𐎍𐎂
toru	bull, ox, cebu	n.m.	TR	qatu	שור	šūru 𒋗𒌑𒊒	𐎘𐎗	prob. PIE
tôlbu	mole	n.m.	TLB	qātlu	שועל	šēlebu	𐎘𐎓𐎍𐎁
tûmu	garlic	n.f.	TM	qaty	שום	šûmu 𒋧	𐎘𐎎?
'êbdu	servant, slave	n.m.	EBD	qatlu	עבד	-	𐎓𐎁𐎄
tânatu	fig	n.f.	TAN	qatal	תאנה	tittu	?
bāraqu	lightning	n.m.	BRQ	qātalu	ברק	birqu 𒉏𒄈	𐎁𐎗𐎖
rôŋu	head	n.m.	RAŊ	*qatl	ראש	rēšu 𒊕	𐎗𐎛𐎌
bahru	cove, bay, coast	n.f	BHR	qatlu				𐩨𐩢𐩧 (bḥr)
ŋalotu	three	num.	ŊLT	*qatāl	שלוש	šalāš 𒐈	𐎘𐎍𐎘	Sabaean: s2lṯ
binu	son	n.m.	BN	*qil	בן	bīnu 𒉿𒉡	𐎁𐎐
bêttu	daughter	n.f.	BN	*qil	בת
bîru	well	n.f.	BN	qitlu	באר	bīru	𐎁𐎛𐎗
gamolu	camel	n.m.	GML	qatalu	גמל	gammal 𒃵𒂷	-
labû	lion, big cat	n.m.	LBA	qatlu	לביא	lābu 𒊊	𐎍𐎁 𐎜
labitu	lioness	n.f.	LBA	qatli
leylu	night	n.f.	LYL	qitlu	ליל	liliātu 𒆥𒋝	𐎍𐎍
laŋonu	tongue, language	n.f.	LŊN	qatālu	לשון	lišānu 𒅴	𐎍𐎌𐎐
yowmu	day	n.m.	YEM	qāltu	יום	ūmu 𒌓	𐎊𐎎
lō	not,no	adv.	?	qā	לא	lā	𐎍
ŋinu	tooth	n.f.	ŊNN	qitu	שן	šinnu 𒍝𒄢	𐎌𐎐
kûku	owl	n.f.	KWK	qut	-	akkû 𒀝𒆪𒌋	-	ጉጉት (gugut)
halbu	milk	n.f.	HLP	qatlu	חלב	ḫilpu	𐎈𐎍𐎁
'êŋtu	fire	n.f.	AŊ	qatu	אש	išātu 𒉈	𐎛𐎌𐎚
dibōrtu	bee	n.f.	DBR	qitāl	דבורה	-	cp. 𐎄𐎁𐎗 "plague"
qodŋu	holy	adj.	QDŊ	qātilu	קדש	qašdu	𐎖𐎄𐎌	𐩤𐩵𐩪
labānu	white	adj.	LBN	qatālu	לבן	-	𐎍𐎁𐎐
roqlu	ewe	n.f.	RQL	qātilu	רחל	laḫru	-
yeynu	wine	n.f.	WYN	qatlu	יין	-	𐎊𐎐
taŋê	nine	num.	TŊE	qatlu	תשע	tišīt 𒑆	𐎚𐎌𐎓
tanâmi	two	num.	TNH	qatu	שנים	šinā 𒈫	𐎘𐎐
'âqāsu	to grasp	v.	AQS	qatalu	אחז	aḫāzu	𐎀𐎃𐎏
'amâtu	maidservant	n.f.	AMH	qat	אמה		𐎀𐎎𐎚
nâru	river	n.f.	NHR	qatlu	נחר	nāru 𒀀𒇉	𐎐𐎈𐎗
āmāru	to say	v.	AMR	qatālu	אמר		𐎀𐎎𐎗
'immīru	lamb	noun	AMR	*qittil	אמר	immeru	𐎛𐎎𐎗
su/sutu	sheep/ewe	noun	S	*qu	שׂה	šû	𐎄
ta	(def. indir.)	part.	-		את			Pan *ta
'itti	with,beside	prep.			את	itti
be-	in,by	prep.	B	qa	ב	?	𐎁
bôwa	to go, come	v.	BWA	qatālu	בוא	bâ'um	𐎁𐎆𐎀
he-	(interrog.)	part.			ה
hāyu	to be(come)	v.	HYH	qatālu	היה	ewûm
ŋaray	to struggle, contend	verb	ŊRY	שׂרה	𒈗/šarrum	𐎌𐎗
yiŋrêlu	Israel	n.m.	ŊRH+AL	ישראל	(cp. bēt ḫumrî)	-
ke	like, as	prep.	K	qa	כ	kīma	𐎋𐎎
kul	all, every	n.c.	KL	qūtu	כל	kalûm	𐎋𐎍
le	to, for	prep.	L	qa	ל	(cp. ana)	𐎍
'êl	on, upon	prep.	EL	qat	על	eli	𐎓𐎍
'êŋû	to do, make	v.	EŊY	qatālu	עשה		𐎓𐎌𐎊
mowtu	death	n.m.	MWT	*qatl	מות	mūtu 𒁮	𐎎𐎚
mêtu	corpse	n.m	MWT	*qil	מֵת		𐎎𐎚
tōku	midst	n.m.	TWK	qatlu	תוך
'eynu	eye, spring	n.f	EYN	qatlu	עין	īnum 𒅆	𐎓𐎊𐎐
'aylu	deer	noun	AYL	*qattal	איל		𐎀𐎊𐎍
'ōru	light	n.f.	AWR	qatlu	אור
būzu	contempt	n.f.	BWS	qatlu	בוז
ŋīru	song	n.f.	ŊYR	*qitl	שיר	šēru	𐎌𐎗
heyqu	bosom, embrace	n.f.	HYQ	qatlu	חיק			ሐደቅ
'ohelu	house, hut, home	n.m	AHL	qatil	אהל		𐎀𐎅𐎍
'almantu	widow	n.f.	ALM	qatlan	אלמנה		𐎀𐎍𐎎𐎐𐎚
'eyltu	Pistacia tree	n.f.	AYL	qitl	אלה		𐎀𐎍𐎐
'ayna	where	pron.	AYN	qatl	אין		𐎀𐎐
'anqaru	dolphin	n.m	NGR	aqtal	???		𐎀𐎐𐎃𐎗
diractu	potable water	n.f.	DRC	qital	???		𐎄𐎙𐎕𐎚
mirartu	cave, den, hole	n.f.	MRR	qtl	מער		𐎎𐎙𐎗𐎚
laqaŋtu	whisper, charm	n.f.	LQŊ	qatal	לחש		𐎍𐎃𐎌𐎚
muqu	grease, marrow	n.m.	MQY	qut	מח		𐎎𐎃
'anenqu	mint	n.f	-	-	תנענע		𐎀𐎐𐎐𐎃
sipru	document	n.m.	SPR	*qitl	ספר	šipru	𐎒𐎔𐎗
'eglatu	heifer	n.f.	ֵ EGL	*qitl	עגלה		𐎓𐎂𐎍𐎚
'orku	long	adj.	ALK	*qutl	ארך		𐎜𐎗𐎋
'otpatu	quiver	n.f.	ATP	*qutl	אשׁפה	išpatu	𐎜𐎉𐎔𐎚
hadotu hadotatu	new	adj.	HDT	*qatal	חדשׁ	eššu	𐎈𐎒𐎘
malû	full	adj	MLA	*qatil	מלא	malītu	𐎎𐎍𐎛𐎚
qatnu	small, thin	adj.	QTN	*qatul	קטן	qatnu	𐎖𐎉𐎐
hodru	room	n.f	HDR	*qutul	חדר		𐎈𐎄𐎗
hallōnu	window	n.f	HLN	qattul	חלון
'adōnu	lord	n.m	ADN	*qatāl	אדין		𐎀𐎄𐎐
marû/marītu	fatling	noun	MRA	*qatīl	מריא		𐎎𐎗𐎜
'asīru	prisoner	n.m.	ASR	*qatīl	אסיר		𐎀𐎒𐎗
ziro	arm	n.f.	ZRA	*qitāl	זרוע	zuruḫ	𐎏𐎗𐎓	Aram. דרע
qurūcu	gold	n.m	QRC	*qutāl	חרוץ	ḫurāṣu	𐎃𐎗𐎕
'opanu	wheel	n.m	APN	*qātal	אופן		𐎀𐎔𐎐
rôyu	herdsman	n.m	RAY	*qatīl	רעה	rē'û	𐎗𐎓𐎊
homītu	wall	n.f	HMY	*qatīl	חומה	ḫumītu	𐎈𐎎𐎚
rûru	cliff	n.m.	RWR	*qutl	צור		𐎙𐎗
'anyatu	ship	n.f.	ANY	*qatl	אניה	anaya	𐎀𐎐𐎊𐎚
cabītu	gazelle	noun	CBY	*qatl	צבי	ṣabītu	𐎕𐎁𐎊
pirû	fruit	n.f.	PRY	*qitl	פרי		𐎔𐎗
'appu	nose	n.f	ANP	*qatl	אף	appu	𐎀𐎔
hittatu	wheat	n.f.	HNT	*qitl	חטה	uṭṭatu	𐎈𐎘𐎚
'ammatu	elbow, cubit	n.f.	AMM	*qall	אמה	ammatu	𐎀𐎎𐎚
môqu	skull	n.f	MQQ	*qull	מֹחַ	muḫḫu	𐎎𐎃
'ummatu	clan, people	n.f.	AMM	*qull	אמה	ummātu	𐎓𐎎𐎚

𒀀𒉿𒈝 = awīlum = אולי 2 K 24:15

Literature

The Five Books of Moses are also called the Torah, the Law, or the Pentateuch. The Samaritan Jews include Joshua in their short list of inspired books, and so they have a Hexateuch. And so it is quite natural that the Austronesian Israelites, who took everything in groups of seven or three, had a Septateuch.

1. Genesis - called PAH:Toladatu
2. Exodus -
3. Leviticus
4. Numbers
5. Deuteronomy
6. Joshua
7. Judges

Much of the material as we have it now in the Masoretic Text was preserved on Mindoro, only updated for grammar. However, many portions were heavily redacted and altered. Onijah writes that while these seven books were known and named, they were each thought to consist of sections, which could be arranged differently, to produce three sets of seven. Each of these three groups is referred to in the plural and the singular with no consistency.

1. "The Book(s) of the Father(s)" (Genesis 1 - Exodus 18)
   1. The Book of Heaven and Earth (1-11)
   2. The Book of Abraham (12-25)
   3. The Book of Jacob (25-35)
   4. The Book of Joseph (37-50)
   5. The Names of the Children of Israel (1-6)
   6. The Names of the Children of Levi (7-11)
   7. The Beginning of Months (12-18:27)
2. "The Book(s) of Law(s)" (Exodus 19 - Numbers 9)
   1. The Book of the Covenant (19-24)
   2. Instructions for Tabernacle (25-34)
   3. Building the Tabernacle (35-40)
   4. The Book of Feasts (Leviticus)
   5. The Book of Purity (Leviticus)
   6. The Book of Israel (Numbers 1-)
   7. The Book of Holiness (Numbers -10)
3. "The Book(s) of the Land(s)" (Numbers 10-Judges)
   1. Numbers
   2. Numbers
   3. Deuteronomy
   4. Deuteronomy
   5. Deuteronomy
   6. Joshua (1-12)
   7. Judges

Prophets

Just like modern Hebrew Bibles (or Tanakhs), the ancient Austronesian Israelites had a major section of their Scriptures called Prophets. Rather than dividing them into "Former" and "Later" Prophets as Middle Eastern Jews did (or Major and Minor Prophets as later Christians did), they only accepted seven prophets as canonical.

Here is the timetable of accepted and rejected prophets in Mindoro:

• (1st) Samuel 1-15
• Kings - Elijah - only the Elijah/Elisha cycle in the middle (1 Kings 12 - 2 Kings 17)
• The 12
  • 8th Century Prophets to the Northern Kingdom
    1. Jonah
    2. Amos (stop @ 9:12)
    3. Hosea
  • 8th Century Prophets to the Southern Kingdom
    1. Micah (different 1:1; sans 4:6-13)
    2. Isaiah (mostly Deutero-Isaiah- redacted)
  • 7th Century Prophets to the Southern Kingdom
    1. Nahum
    2. Zephaniah
    3. Habakkuk
  • 7th to 6th Century Prophets to the Southern Kingdom
    1. Jeremiah (follow LXX + redaction)
    2. Ezekiel
    3. Obadiah
  • 6th to 5th Century Prophets, Judah Restored
    1. Haggai
    2. Zechariah
    3. Malachi
    4. Joel

Onijah tells us that the Balangē Scribes arranged them chiasticly:

• Samuel - the matter of Kings
  • Elijah - miracles to the unfaithful
    • Amos - judgment
      • Jonah - missionary/anger
    • Hosea - judgment
  • Isaiah - miracles to the unfaithful
• Jeremiah - the matter of foreign allegiances (to kings)

Wisdom

The last of three sections to the Austronesian Israelite Scriptures is the Wisdom books. This name accords well with the later Christian designation of "Wisdom Literature", and corresponds to the Jewish section of the Tanakh, the Writings. Onijah tells us they were arranged chiasticly:

• Job - suffering for unknown reasons
  • Psalms - lament and song
    • Proverbs - wisdom's diversity
      • Song of Songs - sex as eschatology
    • Ecclesiastes - wisdom's difficulty
  • Lamentations
• Esther - suffering as God's people

It is interesting to note that Esther closes out the PAH canon. For Jews, Chronicles implied deliverance by God but and expectation in the Land. For Christian, Malachi rounds out the OT because of its expectation of a Messiah. Esther reflects the Austronesian hope of blessing while remaining in foreign lands and triumphing as aide-de-camps for other rulers.

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