Scots Norse

Scots Norse
Sudhraèsc
Pronunciation	[sˠɤðˠ.ˈreʃc]
Created by	Melinoë
Date	April 3rd, 2026
Native to	Suðreyjar
Ethnicity	Norse Scots
Native speakers	(L1) 2,000 (2019) (L2) < 50,000
Language family	Indo-European Germanic North Germanic West Scandinavian Gaelo-Nordic? Scots Norse
Early forms	Old Norse Old West Norse Sudrey Norse Scots Norse
Dialects	Èstèghsc Veastèghsc
Writing system	Latin
Official status
Official language in	Scotland
Scots Norse is classified as critically endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Scots Norse (Also Sodor Norse; Autonym: Sudhraèghsc; /sˠɤðˠ.ˈreʃc/) is a West Nordic language spoken in the Hebrides most closely related to Norn, less so to Icelandic and Faroese, and quite distantly to Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish. It has extremely significant influence from mainly Scots and Irish Gaelic, and less so from the Germanic languages Scots English. The Gaelic influence is most noticeable in the morphophonology of Scots Norse, both with the slender/broad distinction in consonants and the presence of initial consonant mutation.

Scots Norse has roughly eleven dialects that form the language's two dialect continuums, these are called Veastèghsc ("Western") and Èstèghsc ("Eastern") Scots Norse respectively, these are further divided into specific dialects, which can be viewed within the articles themselves. Uniting all of these dialects is the standard variety, called Hàsudhraèghsc, literally "High Suðreyjar-ish". All varieties of Scots Norse are written using the Latin script, employing Gaelic Type or Insular as the hand, this acts as a notable exception to the general notion that Gaelic Type and Insular only survive for ornamental or historical usages, as they are still the primary hand used for Scots Norse.

Classification

Scots Norse has long been a difficulty for linguists to classify, as it shows clear signs of being a mixed language, though the extent of this has been and still is heavily debated and questioned. As well as the general lack of speakers of Scots Norse, it is hard to determine whether Scots Norse stands as a creole or not, thus the general consensus among modern linguists to class it under Gaelo-Nordic till enough research has been done to reclassify it under a more appropriate position, potentially as a Scottish-Norse creole.

The difficulty in classifying Scots Norse comes largely down to the morphology and phonology, where it is closer to the modern Gaelic languages than the other Nordic languages, having lost most inflection while simultaneously gaining a simple system of preposition inflections from heavily reduced pronouns.

History

Pre-Modern

Scots Norse originates in the mid to late 13th century, around the time Suðreyjar was handed over to Scotland with the Treaty of Perth. Though the language would continue to be largely unchanged from the Old Norse of the 12th century, 1266AD is often used as a dividing date between Old Norse and the earliest forms of Scots Norse. While 1266 is a relatively arbitrary date, it serves its purpose as a convenient divide between two stages, as following the Treaty of Perth, the Hebrides would gain a much larger population of Gaelic and English speakers (At this point still Middle Irish and Middle English), and from roughly 1450AD onward, Scots Norse would be increasingly influenced by Scots Gaelic and, to a lesser extent, Scots.

Having been spoken throughout all of Suðreyjar, Scots Norse once had a dialect within the Isle of Man (Scots Norse Monaègharr). Little is known about Manx Scots Norse (Monaèsc), as it is very poorly recorded, the most extensive description being a short document from around 1500AD that contains a list of about 150 words (see the Noreine speche fra Man), with a very poor description of the pronunciations. Though from this description we can gather that it still had the original dental fricatives that had been lost in other dialects (merging with t/d), we get this from the description "... these [th and dh] are like that of the Saxons' beloved þ."

Following the treaty of Perth, the usage of Norse began declining significantly, with evidence it was nearly extinct by 1550. A small revitalization occurred in the mid 18th century when several of the last native speakers (having had no more than 150 remaining speakers) gathered together to document the language so it could be taught to children. This effort was mostly effective, leading to the first noticeable rise in speaker count since it began declining. By the 1880's, there would be upwards of 1,500 native speakers, a majority of them young.

Modern

Modern Scots Norse is typically classed as critically endangered due to how few speakers it has, having no more than 2,500 native speakers as of 2020, and virtually all of them live in the Hebrides, making its usage extremely limited.

Since the early 1990's, Scots Norse has gained a small but dedicated community of linguists that are determined to further document it and make resources more readily available. As of 2018, an online course has been published that goes over Standard Scots Norse, and it has been continually updated since then, improving the quality and extent of the contents, having started out as a rather barebones description of the phonology, orthography, and rudimentary grammar.

Phonology

		labial			dental			alveolar			velar
		plain	broad	slender	plain	broad	slender	plain	broad	slender	plain	broad	slender
Nasal		m	mˠ	mʲ				n	nˠ	ɲ
Stop	Unvoiced	p	pˠ	pʲ				t	tˠ	tʲ	k		c
	Voiced	b	bˠ	bʲ				d	dˠ	dʲ	g		ɟ
Fricative	Unvoiced	f	fˠ	fʲ	θ	θˠ	θʲ	s	sˠ	ʃ	h¹	x	ç
	Voiced	v	vˠ	vʲ	ð	ðˠ	ðʲ	z	zˠ	ʒ	ɣ		ʝ
Approximant								r, l	rˠ, lˠ	rʲ, ʎ	j

1. /h/ merges with /x/ outside of Standard Scots Norse.

	Front	Back
		Unround	Round
High	i		u
Near-High	ɪ	ɤ~ʊ
Mid	e	(ə)	o
Low	æ~ɛ		ɔ~ɒ

1. /ə/ is the unstressed realization of /æ, ɔ/. (differing by slender vs broad)
2. /æ/ is often /ɛ/ before nasals, but rarely so anywhere else.

Long vowels have long been lost, though their effects remain prominently, influencing the languages stress patterns heavily.

Every vowel can appear nasalized, though nasalization only occurs in specific positions, and is always shown with a single N. (though not all single Ns are nasalization)

• Word finally
• Before a fricative (Though "nh" is /z/)
• In some irregular positions when loaned from another language.

Prosody

The rules for stress are very slightly more complex than they were in Old Norse, but not by much.

Stress always goes on the left-most syllable possible. When there are vowels with a grave, stress goes to the first one, skipping over all vowels without one. (so sudhraèir is stressed on "aèi")

Mutation

Since Old Norse, initial consonant mutation has developed. Scots Norse has three forms:

radical (basic)

lenition

eclipsis

these can be shown quite well through pronoun + verb, as a pronoun exists that causes both, the word order for these will be slightly odd.

The following gives an example using "mic" ("I, me"), "ha" ("he, him"), and "ic" ("we, us", emphatic):

mic tàlarr /ˈmʲɪc ˈto.ʎərʲ/ — "I speak"

ha dtàlarr /ˈçæ ˈdo.ʎərʲ/ — "he speaks"

ic thàlarr /ˈɪc ˈθo.ʎərʲ/ — "we (emphatic) speak"

Orthography

(updated up to "dh")

consonants
Letter(s)			Phoneme	Examples
b	plain		/b/	[Term?] /ˈbɪɡ/
	broad		/bˠ/	bòegh /ˈbˠoj/
	slender		/bʲ/	barrg /ˈbʲærʲɟ/
bh	before u/ù	intervocalically	/./	[Term?] //
		elsewhere	null	[Term?] //
	otherwise	plain	/v/	[Term?] //
		broad	/vˠ~w/	[Term?] //
		slender	/vʲ/	[Term?] //
c	plain/broad		/k/	coeth /ˈkɔç/
	slender		/c/	ceth /ˈcɛç/
ch	plain/broad		/x/	loch /ˈɫɔx/
	slender		/ç/	[Term?] //
chd			/xk/	[Term?] //
cn			/kɾ/	cnà /ˈkɾo/
chi	before a vowel		/ç/	[Term?] //
chn			/xɾ/ [ɾ̥]	[Term?] //
d	plain		/d/	dàegh /ˈdoj/
	broad		/dˠ/	[Term?] //
	slender		/dʲ/	[Term?] //
dh	plain		/ð/	[Term?] //
	broad	normally	/ɣ/	[Term?] //
		intervocalically	/./	[Term?] //
	slender	normally	/ʝ~j/	[Term?] //
		intervocalically before /ə, ɪ, i/	/./	[Term?] //
		elsewhere before /ə, ɪ, i/	null	[Term?] //
g	plain/broad		/g/	godh /ˈɡɔ/
	slender		/ɟ/	dàge /ˈdoɟ/
gh	plain/broad		/ɣ/	(han) ghodh /(ˈhã) ˈɣɔ/
	slender		/ʝ/	[Term?] //
gn			/ɡɾ/	gnaèt /ˈɡɾet/
h	plain		/h/	hàte /ˈhot͡ʃ/
	broad		/x/	[Term?] //
	slender		/ç/	dìhiale /ˈd͡ʒi.çəʎ/
l	plain	non-finally	/l/	[Term?] //
		finally	/ʃ/	sèl /ˈʃeʃ/
	broad		/lˠ/	[Term?] //
	slender		/ʎ/	sèlir /ˈʃe.ʎɪθ͇/
ll	plain		/l/	tàll /ˈtol/
	broad		/lˠ/	[Term?] //
	slender		/ʎ/	[Term?] //
m	plain		/m/	màl /ˈmoʃ/
	broad		/mˠ/	[Term?] //
	slender		/mʲ/	[Term?] //
mh	plain		/m̥/	(hin) mhàl /(ˈçɪ̃) ˈm̥oʃ/
	broad		/m̥ˠ/	[Term?] //
	slender		/m̥ʲ/	[Term?] //
n	plain		/n/	[Term?] //
	broad		/nˠ~ŋ/	[Term?] //
	slender		/ɲ/	[Term?] //
	post-vocalic when final/pre-fricative		/Ṽ/	[Term?] //
nh	plain		/n̥/	[Term?] //
	broad		/n̥ˠ~ŋ̊/	[Term?] //
	slender		/ɲ̊/	[Term?] //
nn	plain		/n/	hann /han/
	broad		/nˠ/	[Term?] //
	slender		/ɲ/	[Term?] //
p	plain	initially, before a vowel/finally	/pʰ/	[Term?] //
		elsewhere	/p/	priadh /ˈprʲa/
	broad		/pˠ/	post /ˈpˠɔstʰ/
	slender		/pʲ/	[Term?] //
ph	plain		/f/	ophàrr /ɒ.ˈfor/
	broad		/fˠ/	(sa) phost /(ˈsa) ˈfˠɔstʰ/
	slender		/fʲ/	(han) phiutharr /(ˈhã) ˈfʲɤ.ər/
r	finally		/θ͇/	bhar /ˈvaθ͇/
	plain		/r/	sudhraèscc /sˠʌ.ˈreskʰ/
	broad		/rˠ/	[Term?] //
	slender		/rʲ/	bhère /ˈvʲerʲ/
rr	finally		/r/	bhàrr /ˈvor/
	plain		/r/	[Term?] //
	broad		/rˠ/	[Term?] //
	slender		/rʲ/	[Term?] //
-rt, -rd			/ɾʃt̪/	[Term?] //
s	plain		/s/	[Term?] //
	broad		/sˠ/	[Term?] //
	slender		/ʃ/	sèl /ˈʃeʃ/
sh	plain		/h/	[Term?] //
	broad		/x/	[Term?] //
	slender		/ç/	(bholl) shèl /(ˈvˠɔl) ˈçeʃ/
t	plain	initially/finally	/tʰ/	tàll /ˈtʰol/
		elsewhere	/t/	[Term?] //
	broad		/tˠ/	[Term?] //
	slender	initially/finally	/t͡ʃʰ/	[Term?] //
		elsewhere	/t͡ʃ/	[Term?] //
th	intervocalic/pre-consonantal/finally		/./ or null	[Term?] //
	plain		/h/	[Term?] //
	broad		/x/	thù /ˈxu/
	slender		/ç/	[Term?] //
z	plain		/z/	[Term?] //
	broad		/zˠ/	[Term?] //
	slender		/ʒ/	(an) zèl /(ˈan) ˈʒeʃ/

Morphology

Pronouns

Scots Norse personal pronouns

		simple		emphatic
		singular	plural	singular	plural
1st		mic	vit	mèrr	oecᶫ
2nd		tic	tit	tèrr	icᶫ
3rd	masc	haᶰ	tèrr	hanuᶰ	tèᶰ
	fem	hoᶰ		henᶫ, honuᶰ
reflexive		sic, -sc		sèrr, -sc

Nouns

Nouns have been reduced down to a basic singular/plural distinction, with the masc/fem distinction only maintained when paired with the article hin.

The plural is always formed with -arr, while the singular has roughly two methods that apply to both genders, those being "e-ᶫ" and "-" (note that the "e-" represents slenderization of the preceding consonant).

All nouns fit into one of these two patterns, regardless the forms in Old Norse. Below are several examples.

Declension of ald (masculine)

	singular	plural
indefinite	aldᶫ	aldarr
definite	hin h'aldᶫ	hin h'aldarr

Declension of hàet (masculine)

	singular	plural
indefinite	hàetᶫ	hàtarr
definite	hin ghàetᶫ	hin ghàtarr

Declension of hàmar (masculine)

	singular	plural
indefinite	hàmarᶫ	hàmrarr
definite	hin ghàmarᶫ	hin ghàmrarr

Declension of bèdh (masculine)

	singular	plural
indefinite	bèdhᶫ	bèdharr
definite	hin bhèdhᶫ	hin bhèdharr

Declension of bòegh (masculine)

	singular	plural
indefinite	bòeghᶫ	bògharr
definite	hin bhòeghᶫ	hin bhògharr

Declension of màel (masculine)

	singular	plural
indefinite	màel	màlarr
definite	hin mhàel	hin mhàlarr

Declension of poest (masculine)

	singular	plural
indefinite	poest	postarr
definite	hin phoest	hin phostarr

Declension of arrv (feminine)

	singular	plural
indefinite	arrvᶫ	arrvarr
definite	hin arrvᶫ	hin arrvarr

Declension of bèt (feminine)

	singular	plural
indefinite	bèt	bètarr
definite	hin bèt	hin bètarr

Adjectives

Both the comparative and superlative forms were lost by the time of Sudrey Norse, being replaced with the usage of mèr ("more") and mast ("most"), so rather than, say, Old Norse beztr (hypothetical Scots Norse **bast) for "better", it is instead mèr ghòedh (lit. "more good").

In modern Scots Norse, adjectives have at most three forms, 2 singulars and a plural. Only the singular changes for gender, where the distinction is through mutation, the masculine causing lenition while the feminine doesn't cause mutation.

Declension of ald

masculine	feminine	plural
h'aldᶫ	ald	aldarr

ᶫ: Triggers lenition

Numerals

1	èn
2	tfèrr
3	trìrr
4	fiòrarr
5	fi
6	sac
7	siò
8	àet
9	naì
10	taì
11	aliov
12	tòlv

Prepositions

Scots Norse has a very, very simple system of inflected prepositions, only inflecting for person and number.

A large amount of speakers simply don't use inflected prepositions.

Inflection of i

	1st	2nd	3rd
singular	ig	idac	inhᶰ
plural	iogh	igh	idà

ᶰ: causes nasal

Inflection of til

	1st	2nd	3rd
singular	tilg	tiltac	tilhᶰ
plural	tiolch	tilch	tiltà

ᶰ: causes nasal

Verbs

Many significant changes have happened to the verb system since Old Norse, notably both the mood and voice distinctions have been lost. The active indicative has descended into the present and past tense, while the active subjunctive was lost entirely. The oppositive happened in the mediopassive, with the subjunctive becoming the future and stative, while the indicative was lost.

The stative doesn't exist for every verb, but the forms are still displayed for convenience's sake.

The original mediopassive indicative only remains in a small set of verbs acting as a reciprocal, typically physical actions taken towards others, like [Term?] ("to fight"), slà ("to hit"), [Term?] ("to embrace"), as well as a few abstract verbs, such as elsc ("to love"). Otherwise it's been replaced by hinnar

Verbs have reduced to such a limited number of forms that analogy and sound changes have leveled them all down to essentially one pattern (excluding a few irregular verbs), which seemingly descends from Old Norse's weak class 2 pattern.

Conjugation of tàel (regular)

		present	past
infinitive		tàel	—
participle		tàlann	tàla
		singular			plural			impersonal
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
pos.	pres.	tàlarr mic	tàlarr tic	tàlarr ha	tàlarr vit	tàlarr tit	tàlarr tèrr	tàlarrt
	past	tàladharr mic	tàladharr tic	tàladharr ha	tàladharr vit	tàladharr tit	tàladharr tèrr	tàladharrt
	fut.	tàlist mic	tàlist tic	tàlist ha	tàlist vit	tàlist tit	tàlist tèrr	tàlista
	stat.	tàladhist mic	tàladhist tic	tàladhist ha	tàladhist vit	tàladhist tit	tàladhist tèrr	tàladhista
neg.	pres.	è thàlarr mic	è thàlarr tic	è thàlarr ha	è thàlarr vit	è thàlarr tit	è thàlarr tèrr	è thàlarrt
	past	è thàladharr mic	è thàladharr tic	è thàladharr ha	è thàladharr vit	è thàladharr tit	è thàladharr tèrr	è thàladharrt
	fut.	è thàlist mic	è thàlist tic	è thàlist ha	è thàlist vit	è thàlist tit	è thàlist tèrr	è thàlista
	stat.	è thàladhist mic	è thàladhist tic	è thàladhist ha	è thàladhist vit	è thàladhist tit	è thàladhist tèrr	è thàladhista
continuative		tàlann'arr u mic	tàlann'arr u dic	tàlann'arr u gha	tàlann'arr u bit	tàlann'arr u dit	tàlann'arr u dèrr	tàlann'arrt h'u
perf.	pres.	tàla'arr u mic	tàla'arr u dic	tàla'arr u gha	tàla'arr u bit	tàla'arr u dit	tàla'arr u dèrr	tàla'arrt h'u
	past	tàla'adharr u mic	tàla'adharr u dic	tàla'adharr u gha	tàla'adharr u bit	tàla'adharr u dit	tàla'adharr u dèrr	tàla'adharrt h'u
	fut.	tàla'ist u mic	tàla'ist u dic	tàla'ist u gha	tàla'ist u bit	tàla'ist u dit	tàla'ist u dèrr	tàla'ista h'u
	stat.	tàla'adhist u mic	tàla'adhist u dic	tàla'adhist u gha	tàla'adhist u bit	tàla'adhist u dit	tàla'adhist u dèrr	tàla'adhista h'u
neg. perf.	pres.	è thàla'arr u mic	è thàla'arr u dic	è thàla'arr u gha	è thàla'arr u bit	è thàla'arr u dit	è thàla'arr u dèrr	è thàla'arrt h'u
	past	è thàla'adharr u mic	è thàla'adharr u dic	è thàla'adharr u gha	è thàla'adharr u bit	è thàla'adharr u dit	è thàla'adharr u dèrr	è thàla'adharrt h'u
	fut.	è thàla'ist u mic	è thàla'ist u dic	è thàla'ist u gha	è thàla'ist u bit	è thàla'ist u dit
	stat.

Conjugation of (regular)

		present	past
infinitive			—
participle
		singular			plural			impersonal
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
pos.	pres.
	past
	fut.
	stat.
neg.	pres.
	past
	fut.
	stat.
continuative
perf.	pres.
	past
	fut.
	stat.
neg. perf.	pres.
	past
	fut.
	stat.

Conjugation of (regular)

		present	past
infinitive			—
participle
		singular			plural			impersonal
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
pos.	pres.
	past
	fut.
	stat.
neg.	pres.
	past
	fut.
	stat.
continuative
perf.	pres.
	past
	fut.
	stat.
neg. perf.	pres.
	past
	fut.
	stat.

Suppletive verbs

There are very few known suppletive verbs in Scots Norse, the main one being the copula , and even it has been leveled by many speakers.

Conjugation of (suppletive)

		present	past
infinitive			—
participle
		singular			plural			impersonal
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
pos.	pres.
	past
	fut.
	stat.
neg.	pres.
	past
	fut.
	stat.
continuative
perf.	pres.
	past
	fut.
	stat.
neg. perf.	pres.
	past
	fut.
	stat.

"arr" and "varr" are the more prevalent forms, but the regularized forms "vèrarr" and "vèradharr" are also rather common.

Another suppletive verb is that of , which has a suppletive reciprocal from the Old Norse verb "unna" (Scots Norse "uen")

Conjugation of (regular)

		present	past
infinitive			—
participle
		singular			plural			impersonal
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
pos.	pres.
	past
	fut.
	stat.
neg.	pres.
	past
	fut.
	stat.
continuative
perf.	pres.
	past
	fut.
	stat.
neg. perf.	pres.
	past
	fut.
	stat.

Texts

UDHR Article 1

Original (English)

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Old Norse (modern translation)

Allir menn eru bornir frjálsir ok jafnir at virðingu ok réttum. Þeir eru allir viti gœddir ok samvizku, ok skulu gøra hvárr til annars bróðurliga.

Scots Norse

arr manarr al bhori mhriàl h-o hiavn, vèrann vhirrdhing o rhèt h-atharr. vèrann gaèdhadh h-o shanvisc h-atharr, o shcùl ghèor hanna thil bròdhligh.

English translation

lit: "all men are born free and equal, being dignity and rights at them. being reason and conscience at them, and should act to brotherhood at each other"

"all men are born free and equal, having dignity and rights. they have reason and conscience, and should act to eachother as a brotherhood"

Deor

Old English

Welund him be wurman

wræces cunnade,

anhydig eorl

earfoþa dreag,

hæfde him to gesiþþe

sorge and longaþ,

wintercealde wræce,

wean oft onfond

siþþan hine Niðhad on

nede legde,

swoncre seonobende

on syllan monn.

Þæs ofereode,

þisses swa mæg.

Scots Norse

Vòluenn shi, thur ròvnirr

cvàlarr cenn,

ànar iall

arrvidh thoeld,

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

ta h-oevgangtirr,

tash thil mègh.

(lines with "-" are yet to be translated)

Lexical comparison

Leipzig-Jakarta List
Rank	English	Old Norse	Scots Norse	Icelandic	Swedish
1	fire	eldr	ald /ˈæʎdʲ/	eldur	eld
2	nose	nǫs	no /ˈnˠɔ/	nös	nas
3	to go	ganga	gang /ˈɟæŋ̟/	ganga	gånga
4	water	vatn	vat /ˈvʲætʲ/	vatn	vatten
5	mouth	(body) munnr (river) mynni (river) óss	(body) muenn /ˈmˠɤɲ/ (river) mainn /ˈmiɲ/
6	tongue	tunga	tueng /ˈtˠɤŋ̟/
7	blood	blóð	blòd /ˈbˠɫodˠ/
8	bone	bein	bè /ˈbʲe/
9	2sg pronoun (you)	þú	tù /ˈtˠu/
10	root	rót	ròt /ˈrˠotˠ/
11	to come (move)	koma	còem /ˈkomʲ/
12	breast	brjóst	briòst /ˈbʲrʲosˠ(tˠ)/
13	rain	regn	rei /ˈrʲɛː/
14	1sg pronoun (I)	ek	e /ɛɛ/
15	name	nafn	nav /ˈnʲæ/
16	louse (Phthirapteron)
17	wing
18	flesh/meat
19	arm/hand
20	fly (Dipteron)
21	night (time)	nátt	nàtt /ˈnot/
22	ear
23	neck
24	far (prep.)
25	to do/make
26	house/structure
27	stone/rock (singular)
28	bitter
29	to say	tala	tàel /ˈtoʎ/
30	tooth
31	hair
32	big
33	one (number)	einn	è /ˈe/
34	who?
35	3sg pronoun (they)	hann (m) hǫ́n (f) þat (n)	ha (m) /ˈha/ hò (f) /ˈxo/
36	to hit/beat
37	leg/foot
38	horn
39	this (pron.)	sá	tà /ˈto/
40	fish	fiskr	fisc /ˈfʲɪʃc/
41	yesterday
42	to drink
43	black (color)
44	navel
45	to stand
46	to bite
47	back (body)
48	wind
49	smoke (substance)
50	what?
51	child (kin term)
52	egg
53	to give
54	new (adj.)
55	to burn (intr.)
56	not (adj./adv.)	eigi (verbal) -at	ègh /eʝ/ (verbal) -(a)t /(ə)tʲ/
57	good
58	to know	kunna (a person) kenna	cuen /ˈkɤ̃/ (a person) cen /ˈcɛ̃/
59	knee
60	sand
61	to laugh
62	to hear
63	soil
64	leaf
65	red (color)
66	liver (organ)
67	to hide
68	skin/hide	feldr (animal) skinn (general) húð	feld /ˈfʲɛʎdʲ/ (animal) sci /ˈʃcɪ/ (general) hùd /ˈxudˠ/
69	to suck
70	to carry
71	ant (Formid)
72	heavy
73	to take
74	old
75	to eat	eta	èt /ˈetʲ/
76	thigh
77	thick
78	long (spacially)
79	to blow
80	wood
81	to run
82	to fall
83	eye (body-part)
84	ash
85	tail
86	dog	hundr rakki	huenn /ˈxɤɲ/ (archaic) rac /ˈrʲæc/ (affectionate) cù /ˈku/	hundur rakki	hund rakka
87	to cry/weep
88	to tie
89	to see
90	sweet
91	rope
92	shade/shadow
93	bird	fugl	fùil /ˈfˠɯʎ/
94	salt
95	small
96	wide
97	star
98	in	í	ì /i/
99	hard (materially)
100	to crush/grind