Contionary:hava

Jugsnorsk

Etymology

Inherited from Varhúsnorsk hava, from Old Norse hafa, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną

Pronunciation

• (Jugsnorsk) IPA^(key): /ˈxa.ʋɐ/; [x-, (h)-], [-ˈɑ.ʋɐ]

("hav-" without vowel) [-ˈɑu̯, -ˈɒu̯]

("hava-", younger) [-ˈɑː]

Verb

hava (present hav- or 'v-, past havð- or 'vð-)

1. (transitive) to have

   k'vu (< ęk havu) fǿðu

   I have food

   1. (transitive) to hold, keep
      1. (transitive) to withhold
2. (transitive, copulative, with temporary qualities) to be

   k'vu sélā!

   I'm happy!

3. (auxiliary, with supine) used to form the perfect}}

   k'v'átt

   I've eaten

Usage notes

When used with an adjective, vaja expresses permanent qualities, whereas hava expresses temporary qualities.

Both vaja and hava take a nominative object when used as a copula.

hava is rarely seen in its full form, especially after vowels, you will most often encounter it without the initial ha-, in this form, the -v- is pronounced as [u] before consonants, as in 'vt [ut]. When shortened like this, 'vu is often seen as 'v' before verbs that start with vowels.

Inflection

Inflection of hava (Positive, weak)

non-finites	active		mediopassive
infinitive	hava		havask
pr. part.	havaddi		havaddisk
pa. part.	havðj		havtsk
supine	havt		havtsk
indicative	present	past	present	past
singular	havu	havðu	havusk	havðusk
plural	havū	havðū	havūsk	havðūsk
subjunctive	present	past	present	past
singular	havi	havði	havisk	havðisk
plural	havī	havðī	havīsk	havðīsk
imperative	present		present
singular	hav		havsk
plural	havið		havitsk

Inflection of hava (Negative, weak)

non-finites	active		mediopassive
infinitive	'vat		'vaska
pr. part.	'vaddit		'vaddiska
pa. part.	'vðjat		'vtska
supine	'vtat		'vtska
indicative	present	past	present	past
singular	'vut	'vðut	'vuska	'vðuska
plural	'vūt	'vðūt	'vūska	'vðūska
subjunctive	present	past	present	past
singular	'vit	'vðit	'viska	'vðiska
plural	'vīt	'vðīt	'vīska	'vðīska
imperative	present		present
singular	'vat		'vska
plural	'viðat		'vitska