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* [[User:MIGUELbM/Muna_v3.0/Syntax_testing|Syntax testing]]
* [[User:MIGUELbM/Muna_v3.0/Coverb_reference|Coverb reference]]
== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
 
|+Consonants
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Consonants
|- style="font-size:smaller;"
!
!
! colspan="2" |Labial
! colspan="2" style="width:6em;" |Bilabial
! colspan="2" |Alveolar
! colspan="2" style="width:6em;" |Labiodental
! colspan="2" |Velar
! colspan="2" style="width:6em;" |Alveolar
! colspan="2" |Glottal
! colspan="2" style="width:6em;" |Velar
! colspan="2" style="width:6em;" |Glottal
|-
|-
!Plosive
! style="font-size:smaller;" |Nasal
|p
| style="border-right:0;" |
|b
| style="border-left: 0;" |m
|t
| style="border-right:0;" |
|d
| style="border-left: 0;" |
|k
| style="border-right:0;" |
|g
| style="border-left: 0;" |n
|
| style="border-right:0;" |
|
| style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right:0;" |
| style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! style="font-size:smaller; |Plosive
| style="border-right:0;" |p
| style="border-left: 0;" |b
| style="border-right:0;" |
| style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right:0;" |t
| style="border-left: 0;" |d
| style="border-right:0;" |k
| style="border-left: 0;" |g
| style="border-right:0;" |
| style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! style="font-size:smaller; |Flap / tap
| style="border-right:0;" |
| style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right:0;" |
| style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right:0;" |
| style="border-left: 0;" |ɾ
| style="border-right:0;" |
| style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right:0;" |
| style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
|-
!Nasal
! style="font-size:smaller; |Fricative
|
| style="border-right:0;" |
|m
| style="border-left: 0;" |
|
| style="border-right:0;" |f
|n
| style="border-left: 0;" |
|
| style="border-right:0;" |s
|
| style="border-left: 0;" |
|
| style="border-right:0;" |x
|
| style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right:0;" |
| style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
|-
!Flap / tap
! style="font-size:smaller; |Approximant
|
| style="border-right:0;" |
|
| style="border-left: 0;" |
|
| style="border-right:0;" |
|ɾ
| style="border-left: 0;" |ʋ
|
| style="border-right:0;" |
|
| style="border-left: 0;" |l
|
| style="border-right:0;" |
|
| style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right:0;" |h
| style="border-left: 0;" |
|}
 
 
{| class="IPA" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:right; background:none;"
|+ Vowels
|- style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;"
|style="padding-bottom:3px;"|  
| style="width: 60px;" | '''Front'''
| style="width: 60px; word-spacing: -.3em;" | '''Near- front'''
| style="width: 60px;" | '''Central'''
| style="width: 60px;word-spacing: -.3em;" | '''Near- back'''
| style="width: 60px;" | '''Back'''
|-
|-
!Fricative
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | '''Close'''
|f
| style="height: 210px;" colspan=5 rowspan=7 | <div style="position: relative;">[[File:Blank vowel trapezoid.svg|300px|link=]]<div style="background:none; position:absolute; top:0; left:0;">
|
 
|s
{| style="position:relative; width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:none;"
|
|x
|
|
|
|-
|-
!Approximant
| style="width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:none; font-size:120%;"|
|
 
|ʋ
<!-- CLOSE VOWELS -->
|
<div style="position: absolute; left: 5%; width: 2.3em; top: 2%; background: white;">i</div>
|l
<div style="position: absolute; left: 43%; width: 3.1em; top: 2%; background: white;">ɨ</div>
|
<div style="position: absolute; left: 85%; width: 2.3em; top: 2%; background: white;">u</div>
|
 
|h
<!-- NEAR-CLOSE VOWELS -->
|
<div style="position: absolute; left: 28%; width: 2.33em; top: 17%; background: white;"></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 44%; width: 4em; top: 17%; background: white;"></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 74%; width: 1.5em; top: 17%; background: white;"></div>
 
<!-- CLOSE-MID VOWELS -->
<div style="position: absolute; left: 16%; width: 2.7em; top: 30%; background: white;"></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 50%; width: 2.7em; top: 30%; background: white;"></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 84%; width: 2.7em; top: 30%; background: white;"></div>
 
<!-- MID VOWELS -->
<div style="position: absolute; left: 24%; width: 2.7em; top: 44%; background: white;">e̞</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 57%; width: 1em; top: 44%; background: white;"></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 83%; width: 2.7em; top: 44%; background: white;">o̞</div>
 
<!-- OPEN-MID VOWELS -->
<div style="position: absolute; left: 30%; width: 3em; top: 58%; background: white;"></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 57%; width: 2.7em; top: 58%; background: white;"></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 83%; width: 2.7em; top: 58%; background: white;"></div>
 
<!-- NEAR-OPEN VOWELS -->
<div style="position: absolute; left: 37%; width: 1.3em; top: 73%;"></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 64%; width: 1em; top: 73%; background: white;"></div>
 
<!-- OPEN VOWELS -->
<div style="position: absolute; left: 44%; width: 3em; top: 86%; background: white;"></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 68%; width: 1em; top: 86%; background: white;">ä</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 85%; width: 2em; top: 86%; background: white;"></div>
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
</div></div>
|+Vowels
|-
!
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;'''Near-close'''
!Front
|-
!Central
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | '''Close-mid'''
!Back
|-
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | '''Mid'''
|-
|-
!High
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | '''Open-mid'''
|i
|ɨ
|u
|-
|-
!Mid
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | '''Near-open'''
|e
|
|o
|-
|-
!Low
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | '''Open'''
|
|a
|
|}
|}


=== Phonotactics ===
=== Phonotactics ===
Syllables are minimally V and maximally CrVVK
Syllables are minimally V and maximally CrVVK
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|+Syllable structure
|+Syllable structure
! colspan="4" |Syllable
! colspan="4" |Syllable
Line 128: Line 190:
=== Relative ===
=== Relative ===


Muna uses a VSO
Muna uses a gapping strategy with a participle marking in the verb


;Subject
:[late come-{{sc|ptcp}}] girl-{{sc|agt}} sad
:[girl-{{abbtip|Agentive|agt|sc}} late came-{{abbtip|Participle|ptcp|sc}}] sad
:''The girl [who came late] is sad.''
:''The girl [who came late] is sad.''
;Direct object
:I gave a rose to the girl [that Kate saw].
:I girl rose give
;Indirect object
:John knows the girl [I wrote a letter to].
:john girl know
;Oblique
:I found the rock [which the robbers had hit John over the head with].
:I rock found
;Genitive
:The girl [whose father died] told me she was sad.
:girl I tell
;Obj of Comp
:The first person [I can't run faster than] will win a million dollars.
: first person million dollars win


=== Comparative ===
=== Comparative ===
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