Modern Windermere

Modern Windermere is the sole modern descendant of Classical Windermere.

Diachronics

Phonological history

• ə > 0 after aspirated consonants and fricatives. This makes the voicing alternation in the Classical Wdm. spirants f and th phonemic.
• r > ɹ
• ł > ś, ş > ṣ

Grammatical history

• Aspect and trigger largely become derivational devices, cf. the development of PIE aspects and Semitic binyanim.
• Grammaticalization of conjugated auxiliaries, leading to a tense system.

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/				ng /ŋ/
Plosive	unaspirated	b /p/	d /t/				g /k/
	aspirated	p /pʰ/	t /tʰ/				c /kʰ/		' /ʔ/
Affricate				ts /ts/		tś /tɕ/
Fricative	unvoiced	f /f/	th /θ/	s /s/	ṣ /ʂ/	ś /ɕ/	ch /x/
	voiced	v /v/	dh /ð/
Resonant		w /w/		r /ɹ~ɻ/		y /j/		l /ʟ/

Vowels

The vowels are basically identical to Classical Windermere:

Monophthongs

	Front		Central	Back
	unrounded	rounded
Close	i /i/	ü /y/		u /u/
Mid	e /ɛ/		ă /ə/	o /ɔ/
Open			a /a/

Diphthongs

	Front		Central	Back
	unrounded	rounded
Close	ie /iə/	üe /yə/		ua /uə/
Mid	ea /eə/			oa /oə/

• [ɨ ʉ] are allophones of /i y/ after /ʂ ɹ/.

Stress

Stress is almost always final, but can be non-final in function words.

Syntax

AuxSVO or maybe AuxAVE if ergative

Mor brits cde clăbüh te tsăgtsog.

PRES-1SG speak about love and hate

I speak of love and hate.'