Convenient Consonant Mappings
| Bantu
|
⇒
|
Japonic
|
| Grapheme |
Phoneme
|
Grapheme |
Phoneme
|
| m |
m
|
m |
m
|
| p |
p
|
p |
p
|
| b |
β
|
w |
ɰᵝ
|
| n |
n
|
n |
n
|
| t |
t
|
t |
t
|
| d |
d~l
|
r |
ɺ
|
| ɲ |
ɲ
|
n |
n
|
| c |
c
|
s |
s
|
| j |
j
|
j |
j
|
| k |
k
|
k |
k
|
| g |
ɣ
|
∅ |
∅
|
Less Convenient Vowel Mappings
| Bantu
|
⇒
|
Japonic
|
| Vowel |
Allophone
|
Vowel |
Descendant
|
| i |
i
|
i, ui, ǝi |
i, i₂
|
| ɪ |
e
|
ai, ǝi |
e₂
|
| e |
ɛ
|
ia, iǝ |
e₁
|
| a |
a
|
a |
a
|
| u |
u
|
u |
u (ɯᵝ ?)
|
| ʊ |
o
|
ǝ |
o₂
|
| o |
ɔ
|
ua, uǝ |
o₁
|
Cool Phonological Laws
Japonic
Sources include: WP:Old Japanese#Restrictions
- "Words do not begin with r or the voiced plosives b, d, z and g, with the exception of a few loanwords." (WP 2018)
- "A bare vowel does not occur except for word-initially: vowel sequences were not permitted." (WP 2018)
- "Arisaka's Law states that -o2 is generally not found in the same morpheme as -a, -o1 or -u." (WP 2018)
- Also Japanese vowel devoicing (especially for closed vowels /i/ and /u/)