Verse:Mwail/Quququqquq
In Angai, Quququqquq (/ku:ku:'kʊkkʊk/, natively quququqquq qaqqaäa /kùkùkùkːùk kàkːàáà/ [kʰùvūvūkūɰˀ kʰàkǣǽǣ]) is the most phonologically minimalistic Kawenic language, with just one consonant /k/, two vowels /u a/, and two tones (high, Romanized ä ü and low, Romanized a u). It originated in the island nation of Quqqaäa (lit. 'the Commons', pronounced /'kʊkə/ in English). Today it is the official language of Quqqaäa, Aqqaüqüququq (lit. 'Society of Friends'), and the Alliance.
Quququqquq grammar is mainly inspired by Finnic languages. Like Estonian, Quququqquq is a partially fusionalized agglutinative language with a large noun case system.
Quququqquq is the lingua franca of modern Angai.
Todo
Needs more ü ä
Quqqaäa
The official name of the country is Quqqaäau Uqaqaüquaqquq (Republic of the Commons). It is an eco-fascist country controlling most of the natively Kawenic-speaking area. It is allied with Furnifoo against Āínkiīaánịạkàì theocracies.
Aqqaüqüququq
Liberal democracy unlike Quqqaäa; plays a pivotal role in Timeline 3
To the rest of Angai, Aqqaüqüququq is regarded as very ethically progressive and a role model for society, especially in the way they're able to stand up to Quqqaäa (and threats of annexation)
History
Old Quququqquq had two consonants /t k/. After an epidemic hit, speakers could only communicate in a whistled form of the language, which didn't distinguish between the two consonants. When they later developed a written language based on this, the distinction was thus lost. Words that became homophonous were distinguished by compounding and derivation.
Phonology
Allophony
Phonotactics
Initial q must be followed by a vowel
Geminate q may occur after a vowel, including word-finally
Any sequence of vowels/tones are allowed, except äää/aaa/üüü/uuu
Morphology
Nouns and adjectives
Quququqquq nouns and adjectives have 17 cases:
- nominative: the syntactic subject of any verb, intransitive or transitive
- genitive: the possessor of a noun, or the semantic patient of a verb (the noun that undergoes change as a result of a transitive verb)
- partitive: an object of a transitive verb that is not semantically a patient
- illative: 'into'
- inessive: 'in, inside'
- elative: 'out of'
- allative: 'towards; recipient of an act of giving'
- adessive: 'at, by, next to'
- X-ADE qaü Y-NOM is used for 'X has Y': Qauaqqüqua qaü qüqququqau 'Qauaqquq has a cuckoo'
- ablative: 'from; a person from whom something is taken, stolen, etc. from'
Inflection
Nouns and adjectives have four principal parts:
- I: nominative singular (never ends in -qq)
- II: genitive singular (never ends in -q)
- III: genitive plural (often but not always ends in -qa; never ends in -q)
- IV: partitive plural (always ends in -q; sometimes III+q but not always)
Given principal parts nouns are declined as follows:
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | I | II-q |
| genitive | II | III |
| partitive | I-q | IV |
| illative | II-ü | III-ü |
| inessive | II-qqu | III-qqu |
| elative | II-qqüq | III-qqüq |
| allative | II-qua | III-qua |
| adessive | II-qqa | III-qqa |
| ablative | II-qqäq | III-qqäq |
| translative | II-ququ | III-ququ |
| terminative | II-quaä | III-quaä |
| durative | II-quqqü | III-quqqü |
| essive | II-qaua | III-qaua |
| exessive | II-qauäq | III-qauäq |
| comitative | II-qqäqu | III-qqäqu |
| abessive | II-uqqau | III-uqqau |
| instructive | II-qqaqqu | III-qqaqqu |
Examples:
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Verbs
TODO: Do verbs have principal parts?
Quququqquq verbs have several differences from Standard Average European:
- negative verb that marks TAM
- emphatic forms instead of subject pronouns (cf. Old Irish)
- impersonal forms
Infinitives end in -uqa or -üqa depending on the verb. The connegative form (the form used after the negative verb) is always identical to the imperative.
| indicative mood | imperative mood | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nonpast | past | nonpast emphatic | past emphatic | ||||||||
| per. | no. | affirmative | negative | affirmative | negative | affirmative | negative | affirmative | negative | affirmative | negative |
| 1st | sg. | quqüäqau | äau quqüä | quqüäqää | äqqau quqüä | quqüäqauqqa | äqauqqa quqüä | quqüäqääuqqa | äqqauqqa quqüä | - | - |
| 2nd | quqüäqu | äu quqüä | quqüäqäqu | äqqu quqüä | quqüäqqä | äqäqqä quqüä | quqüäqäqqä | äqqäqqä quqüä | quqüä | äua quqüä | |
| 3rd | quqüäquq | äa quqüä | quqüäqä | äqq quqüä | quqüäquqqa | äqaquqqa quqüä | quqüäqäqqa | äqqaqqa quqüä | quqüäqaa | äuqaa quqüä | |
| 1st | pl. | quqüäqaüq | äqaüq quqüä | quqüäqäaüq | äqqauq quqüä | quqüäqaüquqq | äqaüquqq quqüä | quqüäqäaüquqq | äqqaüquqq quqüä | quqüäqaqaüq | äuqaqaüq quqüä |
| 2nd | quqüäququq | äququq quqüä | quqüäqäuquq | äqququq quqüä | quqüäquququqq | äquququqq quqüä | quqüäqäuququqq | äqquququqq quqüä | quqüäqaquq | äuqaquq quqüä | |
| 3rd | quqüäqüüq | äqüüq quqüä | quqüäqäüüq | äqqüüq quqüä | quqüäqüüquqq | äqauqq quqüä | quqüäqäüüquqq | äqqauqq quqüä | quqüäqääq | äuqääq quqüä | |
| impersonal | quqüäqua | äqua quqüä | quqüäqäua | äqqua quqüä | - | - | - | - | quqüäqaua | äuqaua quqüä | |
qaüqa 'to be'
Pronouns
Personal pronouns have no nominative forms; emphatic forms of verbs are used instead to emphasize a pronominal subject.
Pronouns have emphatic forms too.
- quqüü 'who, what'
Derivation
Phrasebook
- Uu. 'Yes.'
- Aäa. 'No.'