Linguifex

Neubalhhonn

Joined 10 December 2018
Revision as of 01:39, 11 July 2019 by Neubalhhonn (talk | contribs)
I am careful of my writings but this is a foreign language for me, i may be inconvenient to you. 
Your corrections are appreciated.
   yositaka


± pile of outdated, junks, etc. 
It is a constructed language of an art type, namely leukma (/ʝøxmä/). the lexicon is primarily sized Germanic words.
Phoneme inventory: Consonant Bilabial Labio-dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m ‹m› n ‹n› ŋ ‹h›
Plosive p ‹b› t ‹t›, d *a rhotic consonant ‹d› k ‹c› ʔ ‹n/a›, ‹x›
Affricate t͡s ‹z› ʈ͡ʂ ‹tr›, ‹dr›
Fricative f ‹f› s ‹s› ʂ ‹sk› x ‹k› ɦ ‹n/a›
Trill ʀ ‹r› *word initial
Approximant ʋ ‹v› ʝ ‹l› ɐ ‹r› *word final
Phoneme inventory: Vowel Front Central Back
Close i <ie> ɪ <i>, y <iu> ɐi̯ <ei> u̯o <uo>, <va> ɯ <ui> u <ou>
Mid-open e <e>, <ä> ø <eu> ɐ <e> ɐu̯ <au> ɤ <u> o <o>
Open ä, ɐ <a> 
The structure is roughly, who/what does/has/is doing-something to where by what a theme.
adnoun formation is adnoun+e+noun. adverb formation is adverb+o+verb, where the most rightside element is to be modified.

Derivation of a word. for ex. /xɐi̯t/ to call, 
keiten nominal verb or finite verb -en. keito adverb -o. keitno coverb -no. keite adnoun -e(/ɐ/). keit noun -zeromorpheme. keitca ergative noun -c(-ca) keits suject noun -s(-sa) keitz dative noun -z(-zui) keitta accusative noun -ta.
± ↑recent, ↓dated by orthography reformation. 
  A conlang, autonym Lekmae \ˈɥexmä\ is an aid for experimenting any grammatical features, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of the lexicon are adoptation of low Germanic languages. Making this miniature is that to learn about languages.

Content: nouns(nominal of intransitives), adjective nouns(nominal of adjectives/adverbs), demonstrative nouns, verbal nouns(nominal of monotransitives), coverbal nouns(have characteristics for the category), enclitic nouns.

Demontratives have plural forms, characteristics for the category, express those kinds, ergative, objective, subjective, dative, comitative, that near to the speaker, that away from the speaker, first person, second person. Enclitics have variations for a word, distinguish those kinds, nominal, adjectival, plural, present, habitual, subjunctive, processive, perfective.
(currently, it is Luècae \ˈɥuu̯kä\ or lekma version 9.4) 
  Syntactics
Type: SVO-Topic. Every single word is a morpheme, right branching of a clause, left element modifies that in right. Adjectifier is a zeromorpheme. Nouns with enclitics or VO phrases, are indicative moods.
Word formation: (+coverb) noun (+adjectifier) (+demonstrative) (+enclitic) (+verb) noun (+enclitic) (+adjectifier).

  Writings
A real life setting is that letters except q w p g j y is used. u is added as /ŋ/. a i u are consonants in certain circumstances.
(optional, uses J instead of I, Y for V)

  Grapheme inventory
Consonants Bilabial Labio-dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal mam(m, b) nan,nan(n~ɲ, l~d) uâu(ŋ)
Plosive bab(b~p) dad(d~t) cac(k~ɡ) aâe,aâe(ʔ, n/a)
Affricate zae(d͡z~t͡s) tât(ʈ͡ʂ~t͡ʃ)
Fricative fâf(f) sas(s~ɕ) xax(ʂ~ç) kak(x~χ, k) hah(ɦ~n/a)
Trill rae(ʀ~r)
Approximant vàe(ʋ) iáe(ʝ) aar(ë~ɐ̯~n/a)
Semivowel aàe,aaè(u̯) lal,uáe(ɥ, l) aáe,aaé(i̯)


Vowels Front Central Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
Close aie(i) aüe(y) aêi,aíe(ëi̯) aòe(u̯o) aui,aîe(ɯɨ~ɨ) aue(u)
Mid-open aee,eäe(e) aöe,aeû(ø) aêu,aùe(ëu̯) aao,aôe(ʌ) aoe(o)
Open aae(ä) 
  Phonotactics
CV(V)C.
Tone slightly rises initially for beginning of a phrase.

  Made text
of it is what
Narca fuî Sèdnan.
\ˈnä.ëɡä fɯɨ ˈsu̯ednän\
nac-har fuî sèd-nan
1-be member.of swed-ish

of this is what
Famsendocleâ.
\fämsendokˈɥe.ä\
fam sendoc lehhar
fruits 3.place of.be

Naciórneûrs a Lekmae Neîdoc.
\näkʝoneu̯s ʔä ɥexmä nei̯dok\
naciór neû -ser aae- Lekmae neîdoc
rom lang -be ?- Lekmae  be.not.3
is Lekmae a romlang? no, it's not.

of who does what
kainimdaues doc.
/--/
kai nim daues doc
they eat some.of 3

  Lexics
/--/

Eighth edition lekma

Jump to: navigation, search A conlang named lekma /ˈɥexmä/ is an experimental miniature language, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages, rests are from many others. it is for an aid, making it is to learn about languages.

contents: +nouns(that are intransitives), +adjective nouns(monotransitives), +demonstrative nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(transitives, ditransitives), +particle nouns(that are coverbs). +enclitics, demontratives same as above. +suffix, (plural), (adjectival), (motion in once), (habitual), (subjunctive), (processive), (perfective), (nominaliser).

every words are morpheme. full nouns, affixed nouns or VO phrases are indicative. e is null vowel null consonant, it is /e/ after a consonant. Writings: excepting q w p g j y. u is added as it is /ŋ/, a e i o u are also consonants in certain circumstances.









Syntacs Type: SVO. Basic structure: ergative noun - verbal noun objective noun - topic noun / subjective noun - noun adjectival suffix - topic noun.




Phoneme inventory Consonants Bilabial Labio-dental Dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal Nasal mam(m)


nan(n, ɲ)


uâu,aau(ŋ)


Plosive bab(b-p)

dad(d-t)


cac(k-ɡ) aâe(ʔ) Affricate


zae(d͡z-t͡s) tât(ʈ͡ʂ)



Fricative

fâf(f)

sas(s-ɕ) xax(ç-ʂ)


kak(χ-x, k) hah(ɦ, null) Trill rae(ʀ-r) aar(ɐ̯, null) Approximant

vâe(ʋ)


iáe(ʝ)


Lateral approximant aâe,aaê(u̯)

lâl,uàe(ɥ-ʎ, l)

aàe,aaè(i̯)



Vowels Front Central Back

unrounded rounded unrounded rounded unrounded rounded Close aie(i) aüe(y) aei,aíe(ɐi̯) aúe(u̯ɐ) aïe,aui(ɯɨ) aue(u) Mid-open aee,aée,eäe(e) aöe(ø)

aeu,aáe(ɐu̯)

aoe,aóe(o) Open


aae(ä)

aao,aôe(ʌ)


phonotactics CV(V)C gemination is simplified, affecting vowel before it to lengthen. tone slightly rises at beginning of a phrase.



Made text of it is what. närca sêdna. nac-har sêd-nan i.be swed-ish

of this is what. famsendoclea. fam sen-doc-leh-har fruits this-place-of-be

naciorneuse a lekma neidoc. romlang.be ? lekma be.not.it is lekma a romlang? no, it's not.

of who does what. hainimdaies doc hai nim daines doc they eat some-of this 

A conlang named lekma /ˈɥexmä/ is an experimental miniature language, language Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages, rests are from many others. it is for learning languages, making is to learn about languages.

nouns: +morpheme nouns(that are intransitives), +adjective nouns(monotransitives), +demonstrative nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +verb-derived particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +enclitics(they turn nouns to full nouns): demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, adjectival suffix: a,ä.har/ɦä/,/e/ s/s/, verbal suffix: l,hel/ɦel/(habitual, nominaliser), had/ɦät/(subjunctive) aaena, aauda/ŋdɐ/(processive) aaein,aaeni,aandi/ˈ..ndi/(perfective, an,en,ne,hen/ɦen/, vowel to nasalise+/en/.

every words are full nouns or morpheme nouns, full nouns are indicative forms.
borrowing words from other languages enter the group of adjective full noun, some enter full nouns. VO phrases are also full nouns.
an object right after the verbal noun needs no suffix nor particle. an object before the verb needs a support of an objectival particle.
e are null vowel null consonants if they are free from diacritics. (in this site uses resemble phonemic notations)

it seems there are làa/gäː/ so some are irregular.
gemination affects vowel before it to lengthen or something then, it is simplified.
tone rises at words initially. i(ǀ) start citing, (end cite), before a loanword, ǃ(ǂ) exclamation.
excepting q w p g j y. consonant u is added as is ng.
dalse càe látin, vàe áleman, bae látin, cae látin, kae eskanól, aüe elínica, meidallaoduilekma. e lao u vèi velar nasal.

Syntacs 

Type: SVO.
ergative noun • verbal noun objective noun + topic noun / verbal noun • noun adjectival suffix + topic noun,
where a middle dot separates phrases, focal phrases can switch their places to be at first to others.

aside from the phonemic orthography, numerals are written with.
.0123456789,10,11,12. is oinmfvksba.io/x,ii/e,in/z.


Morpheme inventory

  • s- /sɨ/,allomorpheme;/s/,* n- /nɨ/,allomorpheme;/n/,* a- /ä/* ∅- /ʔ/* -a /ɦä/* -e /ɦe/* -s /s/* -as /ɦäs/* -es /ɦes/* -n /n/* -en /ɦen/
  • -ns /ns/* -ens /ɦens/* -l /l/* -t /t/* -d /t/* -ls /ls/* -ts /t͡s/* -ds /des/* -el /el/* -et /et/* -at /ät/* -ad /äde/* -els /els/
  • -ets /et͡s/* -ats /ät͡s/* -ads /ädes/* -nd /indɐ/* -nt /int/* -nds /indɐs/* -nts /intes/


Phoneme inventory

Consonants Bilabial Labio-dental Dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal mam(m) nan(dental n, ɲ) aarner(ɳ) uâu,aau(ŋ)
Plosive bab(b-p) dad(d-t) cac(k-g) aâe(ʔ, null)
Affricate zae(d͡z-t͡s) tât(ʈ͡ʂ)
Fricative fâf(f) sas(s-ɕ) xax(ç-ʂ) iáe(ʝ) kak(χ-x, k) hah,aar(ɦ, ɐ, null)
Approximant vàe(ʋ) aáe,aaé(short i)
Trill rae(ʀ-r)
Lateral approximant aàe,aaè(short u) lál,uae(ɥ-ʎ, l)
Vowels Front Central Back
unrounded rounded unrounded unrounded rounded
Close aie,aîe(i) aüe,aúe(y) aïe,aui(ɨ ɯ) aue,aûe(u)
Mid-open aee,aêe,eäe,aei(e ë) aöe,aeu(ø) aëe(ɤ) aoe,aôe(o)
Open aae,aâe(ä) aao(ʌː) 


phonotactics
CV(V)C


allophones; t ʔ ɦ l;ʎ;ɾ sr ɲ ŋ allophones;â á:ae;ai;oa e é:ei;é;ea i î í o ö:eu;oi ó:ou u ü ú;;ue;ua;uo | ɲ ŋ h −vowel length lk −vowel length sk


noun root gloss

the agent of a transitive verb

the subject/locative of an intransitive verb the direct/indirect object of a verb possessive form plural form plural possessive form
uac/ʋɐk/| sac/sɐk/| nac/nɐk/| uac/ʋɐk/[ʔɐk]| uacs/ʔäks/| sacen/säːgen/,nacen/näːgen/,uacen/ʔäːgen/| uacens/ʔäːgens/| I uue/ʋyː/| sue/syː/| nue/nyː/| uue/ʋyː/[ʔyː]| uues/ʋyːs/[ʔyːs]| suen/syːen/,nuen/nyːen/,ʋuen/ʔyːen/| uuens/ʔyːens/| You hia/ɦiä/| sia/siä/| nia/niä/| hia/ɦiä/| hias/ɦiäs/| sian/siän/,nian/niän/,hian/ɦiän/| hians/ɦiäns/| They (singular) verb rootindicative form}}subjunctive form}}connective form}}noun-like formgloss! style="width: 90px; "|present/habitual! style="width: 90px; "|the motion is futural! style="width: 90px; "|-ing, /if! style="width: 90px; "|the motion is incomplete! style="width: 90px; "|the motion is completed! style="text-align: center; "|sel/sel/ seat/seɦät/| sad/säːt/| selnd/selindɐ/| selnt/selint/| be! style="text-align: center; "|bal/bäl/| bar/bäl/| baat/päɦät/| bad/päːt/ balnt/pälint/| have! |tel/tel/| ter/tel/| teat/teɦät/| tad/täːt/| telnd/telindɐ/| telnt/telint/| hang,raise


Made text

of it is what. nerca sèina nac-har séd-nan i.be swed-ish


of this is what. famseldoclea fam sel-doc-leh-har fruits are-this-place-of


nacioneus uekma. neidoc. is.romlang uekma it.is.not lekma is a romlang. no, it's not.


of who does what. hainimdaines doc hai nim daines doc they eat some-of this


  • I: ʋɐk /uac* you (singular): ʋyː /uue* he: ɦäŋ /han* we: /uacen* you (plural): ʋyːen /uuen* they: ɦiä /hia* this : tog,ɦiä /toc,hia* that: àe,kosa /hae,cos* here: tocma /tcm* there: kkaema /aem* who: hhia,lhia /lia* what: kva /kva* where: kvime /kvm* when: kvatzuí /kvn* how: kvamuí /kvi* not: né /nei* all: àen /aen
  • many: àens /aens* some: de àen /duiaen* few: làes /leas* other: né daes /neidae* one: éna,ená,ésa,esá /ina,isa* two: tzue /dva* three: mal /mal* four: cut /cut* five: unal /hal* big: lhens* long: naelhens* wide: daesbala* thick: bala* heavy: né fie /neifias* small: nal* short: kul* narrow: tis /tsm* thin: kadtis* woman: lhúa /lua* man (adult male): lhúa /lua* man (human being): hhan/lhúo /luo* child: tisluo
  • mother: mâma /mam* father: dâda /dad* animal: tissor d tis* fish: fisker* bird: tofie /tfl* snake: lam* worm: hhom /orm* tree /bim
  • forest: bsk* stick: baunel /uncertain* fruit: fam /flm* seed: fam /sem* leaf: hhüo /lif* root: lád /lad* flower: uncertain /lili* grass: ladlil
  • rope: sinn /uncertain* skin: bäl /* meat: salk /slk* blood: salk* bone: lám * fat (noun): bét /fat* egg: ais* horn: kol /krn* tail: lámen /lam* feather: fie /fli* hair: tetr /khr* head: uncertain /cab* ear: olhen /orh* eye: ain /oin* nose: nis* mouth: uncertain /lif* tooth: tzann /fnc* tongue (organ): tzann /zau* fingernail: tzann /fau* foot: uncertain /bam* leg: uncertain /bam* knee: baim* hand: tec /tek* wing: fiem /fli* belly: mac
  • guts: mac * neck: nec* back: tzüc /ruc* breast: bec /fec* heart: kel /kor* liver: kel* to drink: sifel /drk* to eat: nem /nhm* to bite: tzaunel /tnf
  • to suck: sifel * to spit: nemel* to vomit: tue dae nems* to blow: bolel * to breathe: nesel /* to laugh: hrak /rch* to see: vis /ver* to hear: sanhel /oir* to know: caän* to think: canel /dik* to smell: nesel /uncertain* to fear: bai* to sleep: bei /slf* to live: súmel* to die: né súmel /meisumel* to kill: sral * to fight: sral /uncertain* to hunt: sral* to hit: láb /lfn* to cut: kul* to split: tuinde kut,tua tzues /dval
  • to stab: binn * to scratch: skilel* to dig: binn /nem* to swim: uncertain /sìm* to fly: uncertain /fei* to walk: salkel* to come: hhim /clm
  • to lie (as in a bed): lob* to sit: sidel /set* to stand: hrec /tnd* to turn (intransitive): silkel* to fall: feiel /fei* to give: duo* to hold: hrantel* to squeeze: tzecal* to rub: vask * to wash: vasker* to wipe: vaskel /vsk* to pull: tec* to push: tec,ffon* to throw: tue toc náe* to tie: ticel /bnd* to sew: ffinticel* to count: teltzif* to say: seu* to sing: séunel /seu* to play: bil /sfl* to float: lom /flt* to flow: ae /flt
  • to freeze: íelel /iel* to swell: rcol /uncertain* sun: hrá /uncertain* moon: daehrá /mun* star: lucz /trl* water: súm /sumi* rain: lein /rcn
  • river: léne /len* lake: léne /len* sea: léneen /len* salt: saltee* stone: shè /stn* sand: sahr /snd* dust: hroma* earth: thi /nulmaf
  • cloud: küt /sku* fog: küt /foc* sky: séo /sulmaf* wind: fendas /vnd* snow: nívas /snu* ice: íelen /ais* smoke: féu /feo* fire: féu /feo* ash: daeféu
  • to burn: tocféu tue /feol* road: vei /vec* mountain: uncertain /mon* red: hrot /rod* green: léu /crn* yellow: col /clb* white: hrát /vit* black: dal /blc* night: dal /nkt* day: dis /dac* year: iálen /zuames* warm: nôk /vrm* cold: íels /chl* full: buk /ful* new: bil* old: né bil* good: hhim /bim
  • bad: né hhim* rotten: tocel nae* dirty: mud* straight: bim* round: kadbal* sharp (as a knife): dis * dull (as a knife): dos* smooth: dilel
  • wet: suːmmɯi /summui* dry: sekal /sek* correct: bim* near: tocmas* far: naema* right: hris /lkt* left: chol /lnk* at: ʈ͡ʂɯi /zui
  • in: lhea /ins* with: mɯi /mui* and: e,elk /elk* if: o,sôm /som* because: fɯi /fui* name: námel /nam

Lexics mam*mom mim mum mon miu mou mac miz muk mil mul mai*value nac*i nacmie*europant naciór*romlang nal nui*snake nuf nab nul*down nim*eat niska nat uil*arm uih*then bim bab beb bid*house bosker*forest bah*brace diu dol*fish dad*dad dek dui*do what dál*draw cac cuf cal cilke aam*aim aas aal e d aee*accompanying with o d aoe*compared with den*keep deh*hang zil zul zah*nail zeica d zêc*sore tam tau*fang tal*string tin tax tic sel*be by súmmi*water sul süe*you seh*be sud saf xan xul*up xai*why xei*what xui*how,when fam*fruits fun foù*fire kalmê kum kat*hands kalkee ham han*he neuter hai*they singular vad*what,who vie*why,how vaskae von*when,where rac*cross ril*lough len*wind lan*group lis*smile lal*pilor lul*food iel*slope ser*being. 

The conlang named lekma /ˈleχmɐ/ is an experimental language, on a waypoint in making a miniature,
for learning about languages to make it, also for making it to learn about languages.

Part of speech.
There is noun, noun whose root acts as a verb, adjective derived from the both, finally particle derived from the verbal root.
Adjectives indicate what a subject is. Verbs express what a subject does or is.

Structure is as follows.
A main clause constructs particle + agentive/subjective noun + verb + object, a subject/topic may follows.
A clause of a verb + a complement is either indication of what the subject does or is, or acts as a noun.
A clause of a verb + a complement + a noun is a noun.
A clause of a verb + a complement + suffix, acting as an adjective, modifies a noun.

Frontings.
A connective noun/focused word/interjection in the usage, that are before the main clause.
Also an adjective clause/conditional noun is in front of main clause in a clause + clause construction.
± Morpheme inventory *under development
  • s- /sɨ/,allomorpheme;/s/,
  • n- /nɨ/,allomorpheme;/n/,
  • a- /ä/
  • ∅- /ʔ/
  • -a /ɦä/
  • -e /ɦe/
  • -s /s/
  • -as /ɦäs/
  • -es /ɦes/
  • -n /n/
  • -en /ɦen/
  • -ns /ns/
  • -ens /ɦens/
  • -l /l/
  • -t /t/
  • -d /t/
  • -ls /ls/
  • -ts /t͡s/
  • -ds /des/
  • -el /el/
  • -et /et/
  • -at /ät/
  • -ad /äde/
  • -els /els/
  • -ets /et͡s/
  • -ats /ät͡s/
  • -ads /ädes/
  • -nd /indɐ/
  • -nt /int/
  • -nds /indɐs/
  • -nts /intes/

Phoneme inventory

Consonants Bilabial Labio-dental Dental Alveolar Post­al-alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n ɳ ɲ ŋ
Plosive b t d k g ʔ
Affricate t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ
Fricative f s ʃ ʂ ʝ χ ɦ
Approximant ʋ
Trill ʀ
Lateral approximant l
Vowels Front Central Back
short long short long short long
Close i y iː yː ɨ ɯ u uː
Mid-open e ø eː øː ɐ ʌ o oː
Open ä äː

Phonotactics *under development

± phonotactics *development
C V C/CC
root words are either CVC or CVCC k:allophones; t ʔ ɦ l;ʎ;ɾ sr ɲ ŋ ä:allophones;â á:ae;ai;oa e é:ei;é;ea i î í o ö:eu;oi ó:ou u ü ú:allophones;;ue;ua;uo ɲ ŋ h tz cz t ns −vowel length lk −vowel length ks sk

Declension *under development

noun root gloss
the agent of a transitive verb the subject/locative of an intransitive verb the direct/indirect object of a verb possessive form plural form plural possessive form
uac/ʋɐk/ sac/sɐk/ nac/nɐk/ uac/ʋɐk/[ʔɐk] uacs/ʔäks/ sacen/säːgen/,nacen/näːgen/,uacen/ʔäːgen/ uacens/ʔäːgens/ I
uue/ʋyː/ sue/syː/ nue/nyː/ uue/ʋyː/[ʔyː] uues/ʋyːs/[ʔyːs] suen/syːen/,nuen/nyːen/,ʋuen/ʔyːen/ uuens/ʔyːens/ You
hia/ɦiä/ sia/siä/ nia/niä/ hia/ɦiä/ hias/ɦiäs/ sian/siän/,nian/niän/,hian/ɦiän/ hians/ɦiäns/ They (singular)

Conjugation *under development

verb root indicative form subjunctive form connective form noun-like form gloss
present/habitual the motion is futural -ing, /if the motion is incomplete the motion is completed
sel/sel/ ser/sel/ seat/seɦät/ sad/säːt/ selnd/selindɐ/ selnt/selint/ be
bal/bäl/ bar/bäl/ baat/päɦät/ bad/päːt/ balnd/pälindɐ balnt/pälint/ have
tel/tel/ ter/tel/ teat/teɦät/ tad/täːt/ telnd/telindɐ/ telnt/telint/ hang,raise

Made texts 

*under development


Swadesh list *under development

± reading basis /visual basis
  • I: ʋɐk /uac
  • you (singular): ʋyː /uue
  • he: ɦäŋ /han
  • we: /uacen
  • you (plural): ʋyːen /uuen
  • they: ɦiä /hia
  • this : tog,ɦiä /toc,hia
  • that: àe,kosa /hae,cos
  • here: tocma /tcm
  • there: kkaema /aem
  • who: hhia,lhia /lia
  • what: kva /kva
  • where: kvime /kvm
  • when: kvatzuí /kvn
  • how: kvamuí /kvi
  • not: né /nei
  • all: àen /aen
  • many: àens /aens
  • some: de àen /duiaen
  • few: làes /leas
  • other: né daes /neidae
  • one: éna,ená,ésa,esá /ina,isa
  • two: tzue /dva
  • three: mal /mal
  • four: cut /cut
  • five: unal /hal
  • big: lhens /uncertain
  • long: naelhens /uncertain
  • wide: daesbala /uncertain
  • thick: bala /uncertain
  • heavy: né fie /neifias
  • small: uncertain /nal
  • short: kul /uncertain
  • narrow: tis /tsm
  • thin: kadtis /uncertain
  • woman: lhúa /lua
  • man (adult male): lhúa /lua
  • man (human being): hhan/lhúo /luo
  • child: uncertain /tisluo
  • wife: uncertain /mama dae kús
  • husband: uncertain /tata dae kús
  • mother: máma /mam
  • father: táta /tat
  • animal: this /uncertain
  • fish: fisk /fsk
  • bird: tofie /tfl
  • dog: cúon /chn
  • louse: uncertain /lus
  • snake: uncertain /lam
  • worm: hhom /orm
  • tree: uncertain /bim
  • forest: uncertain /bsk
  • stick: baunel /uncertain
  • fruit: fam /flm
  • seed: fam /sem
  • leaf: hhüo /lif
  • root: lád /lad
  • bark (of a tree): uncertain /blk
  • flower: uncertain /lili
  • grass: ladlili /uncertain
  • rope: sinn /uncertain
  • skin: bäl /uncertain
  • meat: salk /slk
  • blood: salk /uncertain
  • bone: lám /uncertain
  • fat (noun): bét /fat
  • egg: ais /uncertain
  • horn: kol /krn
  • tail: lámen /lam
  • feather: fie /fli
  • hair: tetr /khr
  • head: uncertain /cab
  • ear: olhen /orh
  • eye: ain /oin
  • nose: nes /nez
  • mouth: uncertain /lif
  • tooth: tzann /fnc
  • tongue (organ): tzann /zau
  • fingernail: tzann /fau
  • foot: uncertain /bam
  • leg: uncertain /bam
  • knee: baim /uncertain
  • hand: tec /tek
  • wing: fiem /fli
  • belly: mac /uncertain
  • guts: mac /uncertain
  • neck: nec /uncertain
  • back: tzüc /ruc
  • breast: bec /fec
  • heart: kel /kor
  • liver: kel /uncertain
  • to drink: sifel /drk
  • to eat: nem /nhm
  • to bite: tzaunel /tnf
  • to suck: sifel /uncertain
  • to spit: nemel /uncertain
  • to vomit: tue dae nems /uncertain
  • to blow: bolel /uncertain
  • to breathe: nesel /uncertain
  • to laugh: hrak /rch
  • to see: vis /ver
  • to hear: sanhel /oir
  • to know: can /cna
  • to think: canel /dik
  • to smell: nesel /uncertain
  • to fear: bai /uncertain
  • to sleep: bei /slf
  • to live: súmel /uncertain
  • to die: né súmel /meisumel
  • to kill: sral /uncertain
  • to fight: sral /uncertain
  • to hunt: sral /uncertain
  • to hit: láb /lfn
  • to cut: kul /uncertain
  • to split: tuinde kut,tua tzues /dval
  • to stab: binn /uncertain
  • to scratch: skilel /uncertain
  • to dig: binn /nem
  • to swim: uncertain /svi
  • to fly: uncertain /fei
  • to walk: salkel /uncertain
  • to come: hhim /clm
  • to lie (as in a bed): lob /uncertain
  • to sit: sidel /set
  • to stand: hrec /tnd
  • to turn (intransitive): silkel /uncertain
  • to fall: feiel /fei
  • to give: túe /tue
  • to hold: hrantel /uncertain
  • to squeeze: tzecal /uncertain
  • to rub: vask /uncertain
  • to wash: vask /uncertain
  • to wipe: vaskel /vsk
  • to pull: tec /uncertain
  • to push: tec,ffon /uncertain
  • to throw: tue toc náe /uncertain
  • to tie: ticel /bnd
  • to sew: ffinticel /uncertain
  • to count: teltzif /uncertain
  • to say: srua /seu
  • to sing: séunel /seu
  • to play: bil /sfl
  • to float: lom /flt
  • to flow: ae /flt
  • to freeze: íelel /iel
  • to swell: rcol /uncertain
  • sun: hrá /uncertain
  • moon: daehrá /mun
  • star: lucz /trl
  • water: súm /sumi
  • rain: lein /rcn
  • river: léne /len
  • lake: léne /len
  • sea: léneen /len
  • salt: sala /slt
  • stone: shè /stn
  • sand: sahr /snd
  • dust: hroma /uncertain
  • earth: thi /nulmaf
  • cloud: küt /sku
  • fog: küt /foc
  • sky: séo /sulmaf
  • wind: fendas /vnd
  • snow: nívas /snu
  • ice: íelen /ais
  • smoke: féu /feo
  • fire: féu /feo
  • ash: daeféu /uncertain
  • to burn: tocféu tue /feol
  • road: vei /vec
  • mountain: uncertain /mon
  • red: hrot /rod
  • green: léu /crn
  • yellow: col /clb
  • white: hrát /vit
  • black: dal /blc
  • night: dal /nkt
  • day: dis /dac
  • year: iálen /zuames
  • warm: nôk /vrm
  • cold: íels /chl
  • full: buk /ful
  • new: bil /uncertain
  • old: né bil /uncertain
  • good: hhim /bim
  • bad: né hhim /uncertain
  • rotten: tocel nae /uncertain
  • dirty: mud /uncertain
  • straight: bim /uncertain
  • round: kadbal /uncertain
  • sharp (as a knife): dis /uncertain
  • dull (as a knife): dos /uncertain
  • smooth: dilel /uncertain
  • wet: suːmmɯi /summui
  • dry: sekal /sek
  • correct: bim /uncertain
  • near: tocmas /uncertain
  • far: naemas /uncertain
  • right: hris /lkt
  • left: chol /lnk
  • at: ʈ͡ʂɯi /zui
  • in: lhea /ins
  • with: mɯi /mui
  • and: e,elk /elk
  • if: o,sôm /som
  • because: fɯi /fui
  • name: námel /nam
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