Sumerian conlang
Phonology
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Bilabial
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Alveolar
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Post-alveolar
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Palatal
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Velar
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| Nasal
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m [m]
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n [n]
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ĝ [ŋ]
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| Plosive
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p [pʰ/p] b [p/b]
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t [tʰ/t] d [t/d]
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k [kʰ/k] g [k/g]
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| Fricative
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s [s]
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š [ʃ]
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h [x]
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| Affricate
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z [t͡s] (r̂ [t͡sʰ])
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| Approximant
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(y/i [j] ?)
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(w/u [w] ?)
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| Trill
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r [r/ɾ]
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| Flap or tap
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(r̂ ?)
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| Lateral app.
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l [l]
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Front
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Back
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| Close
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i [i] (ī [i:] ?)
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u [u] (ū [u:] ?)
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| Mid
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e [e] (ē [e:]?)
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(o [o] (ō [o:] ?) ?)
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| Open
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a [a] (ā [a:] ?)
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Grammar
Nouns
Characteristics
NOMINAL CHAIN:
1) [NOUN] + [ADJECTIVE + POSSESSIVE/DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN + PLURAL (e)ne] + [CASE]
2) [PRONOUN] + [CASE]
Cases
| Substantives
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| Case |
Suffixes |
Notes
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| Human |
Non-h.
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| Genitive
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-ak/-a/-k
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| Ergative
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-e |
subject of transitive verbs (agent)
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| Absolutive
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-Ø |
subject of intransitive verbs (argument); object of transitive verbs (patient)
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| Dative
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-ra |
-/? |
indirect object; complementary with locative (or directive?) for non-human
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| Directive
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-/? |
-e > -ye? |
motion arriving at, position next to; indirect obejct (non-human)
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| Locative
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-/? |
-a > -ya? |
motion into, position inside; rarely used for human
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| Locative 2
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-/? |
-ne
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| Terminative
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-še |
motion towards
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| Adverbiative
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-eš |
in the manner of < "how?"
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| Ablative
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-ta |
place/time from where (non-human); instrument; from the place of X (human)
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| Comitative
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-da |
with/and, in company
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| Equative
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-gen |
like/as
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Declension
| Declension
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| Case |
king (h) |
Non-h. |
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| Genitive
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| Ergative
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| Absolutive
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| Dative
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| Directive
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| Locative
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| Locative 2
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| Terminative
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| Adverbiative
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| Ablative
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| Comitative
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| Equative
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Pronouns
Adjectives
Numerals
Verbs
Other
Vocabulary
| Vocabualry
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| Conlang
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Sumerian
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English
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| lugal
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lugal
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king
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| eri
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iri/eri
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city, town
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