User:IlL/Spare pages 1/2
Classical Netagin, also called Old Netagin, is a triconsonantal language descended from Ancient Netagin, inspired by Tiberian Hebrew. It was the language of the Netagin Republic in Ancient Talma and lent some loans to other Talman languages such as Tíogall and Bênôcian.
Todo
-ám- = augmentative
tu12á2e3 (tu12á1e2 for 1-2 and 1-2-1-2 roots and tu12á3e4 for 1-2-3-4 roots) = VN of the "gradual action" binyan
"analogize" the binyanim a little
Numbers
ʕodh hez ṭuŋ miqâx fazzim ʔaŋbân qatzădh koħâs riffuy zâlukh
Phonology
Consonants
m n ŋ tʰ t kʰ k ʔ b d g f s ts ɬ tɬ ʃ ħ h z ʕ w ɾ~l j
⟨m n ŋ t ṭ k q ʔ b d g f s ts x tx š ħ h z ȝ v r y⟩
Begadkefat: /t k b d g/ > /θ x v ð ɣ/ after a V; transliterated th kh bh dh gh
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i(ː)/ | [ɨ] | u /u(ː)/ |
| Close-mid | e /e(ː)/ | o /o(ː)/ | |
| Open-mid | è /ɛ/ | ë /ə/ | ò /ɔ/ |
| Near-open | á /ɒ(ː)/ | ||
| Open | a /a/ |
Stress
In native words primary stress can only fall on the ultimate, or less commonly the penultimate syllable.
Morphology
Netagin uses a consonantal root system like the Semitic languages. Most roots have three consonants but some may have two or four, the latter mostly in reduplicated or onomatopoeic roots.
Nouns
Verbs
Classical Netagin has 11 verb binyanim.
- Binyan 1 verbs are verbs denoting intransitive actions ("come"), as well as stative verbs ("be cold") and some monotransitives. It is often considered the most basic form.
- Binyan 2 contains many monotransitive verbs, ("eat") including causativizations of Binyan 1 verbs ("make happy").
- Binyan 3 consists of verbs denote reflexive/reciprocal action ("get dressed", "kiss each other"), or change of state ("thicken").
- Binyan 4 contains causatives of transitive verbs ("feed") (and of some Binyan 2 and Binyan 3 verbs). Causatives of statives in the imperfective aspect may denote active maintenance of a state (as opposed to changing a state in the perfective aspect).
- Binyan 5 is roughly equivalent to the German prefix be- (applicative).
- Binyan 6 - telic, intensive
- Binyan 7 - telic
- Binyan 8 - "X a little, almost X"
- Binyan 9 - "X in advance, X for oneself" (from the middle voice)
- Binyan 10 verbs tend to express gradual processes. Ex. ħădhádhekh 'warm up (literally or romantically)'.
- Binyan 11 - "mis-X, over-X"