Indevroplu
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| Indeyivroplu | |
|---|---|
| indejivroplu индейивроплу | |
| Pronunciation | [in̪.d̪ɪ̞ˌjiˈvɾɔ.pʰlu̞] |
| Created by | Palachu |
| Date | 2017 |
| Setting | Alt-history Earth; Eastern Europe |
Indo-European
| |
Introduction
Indeyivroplu is a personal conlang classifiable as both engineered and auxiliary, which was created starting in 2017 with the goals of reforming connections between the several branches of the Indo-European language family and maintaining an absolute logic in structure. In aspiration of this, the vocabulary of Indeyivroplu is almost fully a posteriori in being heavily rooted from the Indo-European languages: Persian, Spanish, German, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, and Welsh (in a decreasing order of prevalence). As for the a priori aspects of the conlang, there are some unique root words, and the structure can holistically be described as a mixture between some common Indo-European patterns and several inspirations received from other world languages. Indeyivroplu is a heavily agglutinative language, also notable for its inflection based on part of speech.
Setting
The artificial setting where Indeyivroplu is the official language would be an island named Tsaxikézav, located in the Black Sea of eastern Europe.
Orthography
| Letter-Latin | Letter-Cyrillic | IPA Equiv. |
|---|---|---|
| Aa | Аа | [a] |
| Bb | Бб | [b] |
| Dd | Дд | [d̪] |
| Ee | Ее | [ɪ̞] |
| Êê | Ээ | [ɛ] |
| Ff | Фф | [f] |
| Gg | Гг | [g] |
| Ğğ | Ғғ | [ɣ] |
| Hh | Ҳҳ | [h] |
| Ii | Ии | [i] |
| Jj | Йй | [j] |
| Kk | Кк | [kʰ/k]¬ |
| Ll | Лл | [l] |
| Mm | Мм | [m] |
| Nn | Нн | [n̪] |
| Ňň | Ңң | [ŋ] |
| Oo | Оо | [ɔ] |
| Pp | Пп | [pʰ/p]¬ |
| Rr | Рр | [r/ɾ]¬ |
| Ss | Сс | [s] |
| Šš | Шш | [ʃ] |
| Tt | Тт | [t̪ʰ/t̪]¬ |
| Uu | Уу | [u̞] |
| Vv | Вв | [v] |
| Xx | Хх | [χ] |
| Zz | Зз | [z] |
| Žž | Жж | [ʒ] |
¬In the case of two IPA values, the first is used solely when the letter comes first in a syllable
Writing Conventions
Capitalization functions a bit differently from other languages using the Latin script, in that capitalization is only used at the start of proper names, thus the first word of an Indeyivroplu sentence will not necessarily be capitalized.
In the formal register, a hyphen should be appended at the morpheme boundary of all proper names.
Two spaces are to be inserted after the period ending a sentence.
If typing diacritics is not supported, those 5 letters of the Latin script should be written as their base form plus an apostraphe ('). For Cyrillic, the 3 special letters should become their base form plus ь.
Note that affricates do not phonemically exist in Indeyivroplu, so their equivalents are always orthographically 2 letters.
Phonology
Indeyivroplu has a very close to perfectly phonemic orthography, where 1 grapheme always corresponds to 1 phoneme and vice versa. Morphophonology does not play a role in it, but rather the only minor deviation is with the letters <p, t, k, r> which vary in aspiration (for the first 3) or tap/trill articulation (for <r>) depending on if they come first in a syllable or not.
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Denti-alveolar | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | b p | t̪ d̪ | k g | |||||||
| Nasal | m | n̪ | ŋ | |||||||
| Fricative | f v | s z | ʃ ʒ | ɣ | χ | h | ||||
| Approximant | j | |||||||||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||
| Lateral Approx. | l | |||||||||
Vowels
| Front | <--> | Central | <--> | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ||||
| Close-Mid | u | ||||
| Mid | e | ||||
| Open-Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |||
| Open | a |
Prosody
When pronouncing words, the division between syllables in the case of a consonant cluster at a syllable boundary is done by equally splitting the consonants if an even cluster, or putting 1 more consonant in the 2nd syllable if an odd cluster. The only exception to this method is with glides (see "Phonotactics" below).
Stress
Word stress in Indeyivroplu falls by default on the ultimate syllable of the final stem, so never on the inflection, with verbs as the exception. This means: ultimate syllable for verbs and proper names; but penultimate for all other parts of speech (noun/adj./adv./pronoun/conj./prep./interj.). This rule can only be broken through the usage of an acute diacritic (á,é,ế,í,ó,ú) on an earlier syllable for stress. There is also secondary stress in words with more than four syllables, falling on every third syllable before the primary stress.
- zjavir - [zjaˈviɾ]
- gutňohajr - [gu̞t̪.ŋɔˈhajɾ]
- kupmijonu - [kʰu̞p.miˈjɔ.n̪u̞]
- nefrezohruti - [n̪ɪ̞.fɾɪ̞ˌzɔˈhɾu̞.t̪ʰi]
- luskorzorkegijohu - [lu̞s.kʰɔɾˌzɔɾ.kʰɪ̞.giˈjɔ.hu̞]
- atshúndatmêtrju - [at̪ˈshu̞n̪.dat̪.mɛ.t̪ʰɾju̞]
Intonation
Stress in Indeyivroplu is realised as a dynamic accent, meaning loudness is the distinguishing factor as opposed to tonality.
Phonotactics
Indeyivroplu has quite a high level of freedom when it comes to phonotactics. There are three rules governing the scenarios where consonant clusters can break the Sonority Sequencing Principle:
- = A single syllable may contain multiple adjacent nasals, fricatives, or plosives, as long as two of the same phoneme (disregarding voicedness) don’t occur adjacently within the syllable.
- = A glide placed directly after a nasal, fricative, or plosive when in the syllable coda will make those two consonants behave as a single unit together, but the glide cannot be followed by another consonant in that syllable.
- = Fricatives and stops are both regarded as if having the same priority ranking and therefore may be placed interchangeably in a cluster.
Morphology
Words in Indeyivroplu are inflected for parts of speech. In this manner, every word has a non-inflected root, which is then given one of the following suffixes: -u (noun), -a (adj.), -i (adv.), -e (conj.), -ê (prep.), -o (pronoun), -ui (interj.), -ir (inf.verb)
- prênd- = related to comprehension
- prêndu = the understanding
- prêndir = to understand
- prêndi = understandingly
- prênda = understood (adj.)
- prêndui = OK / I understand (interj.)
Verb Conjugation
Verbs in Indeyivroplu conjugate according to 3 persons, 2 numbers, 3 tenses, and 4 moods. To conjugate, replace the -ir infinitive suffix with any of the below.
| Indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | Prese. | Futur. | |||
| 1stP. | Sing. | -adz | -ar | -ax | |
| Plu. | -ajdz | -ajr | -ajx | ||
| 2ndP. | Sing. | -udz | -ur | -ux | |
| Plu. | -ujdz | -ujr | -ujx | ||
| 3rdP. | Sing. | -edz | -er | -ex | |
| Plu. | -ejdz | -ejr | -ejx | ||
| Imperative | |||||
| 1stP. | Sing. | -af | |||
| Plu. | -ajf | ||||
| 2ndP. | Sing. | -uf | |||
| Plu. | -ujf | ||||
| 3rdP. | Sing. | -ef | |||
| Plu. | -ejf | ||||
| Subjunctive | |||||
| 1stP. | Sing. | -špadz | -špar | -špax | |
| Plu. | -špajdz | -špajr | -špajx | ||
| 2ndP. | Sing. | -špudz | -špur | -špux | |
| Plu. | -špujdz | -špujr | -špujx | ||
| 3rdP. | Sing. | -špedz | -šper | -špex | |
| Plu. | -špejdz | -špejr | -špejx | ||
| Interrogative | |||||
| tšemož- / tšmož- | |||||
Syntax
Constituent order
Indeyivroplu uses the order Subject-Verb-Object (SVO), and indirect objects come before direct objects. Adjectives and adverbs directly precede the noun or verb they modify, unless a subject pronoun is attached to the verb, in which case it will go between the adverb and verb. Also, prepositions must uninterruptedly connect their subject with the object. Outside of these rules, there is some flexibility allowed in word order, especially where there are consecutive words of the same part of speech.
"I will read all of your red books."
- zjavax fsa ta sorxa girkju.
- zjavax ta fsa sorxa girkju.
- zjavax sorxa ta fsa girkju.
- zjavax ta sorxa fsa girkju.
- ...
"You drive to the office this evening because of the rain."
- loğe rígeňu êtábenti ronkur samgepu mêxrê daftêru.
- êtábenti ronkur samgepu mêxrê daftêru loğe rígeňu.
Vocabulary
| Dolgopolsky list | |
|---|---|
| English | Indeyivroplu |
| me | mo |
| two | ziğ |
| you | to |
| what | tšijui |
| tongue | gjuhu |
| name | nombru |
| eye | tšêšu |
| heart | hêtsu |
| tooth | dandonu |
| not | ni |
| fingernail | nijxu |
| louse | vošu |
| teardrop | slezu |
| water | obu |
| dead | nekjaňa |
| Colors | |
|---|---|
| English | Indeyivroplu |
| black | švatsa |
| white | sêfida |
| gray | hirta |
| red | sorxa |
| pink | sêfidsorxa |
| crimson | ala |
| purple | pórfora |
| blue | sina |
| light blue | sjêlsina |
| cyan | grinsina |
| green | grina |
| yellow | kitrfaba |
| orange | oraňžfaba |
| brown | marona |
| Numbers | |
|---|---|
| numeral | Indeyivroplu |
| 0 | nul |
| 1 | jêk |
| 2 | ziğ |
| 3 | trij |
| 4 | tšahor |
| 5 | pandž |
| 6 | šêš |
| 7 | sédem |
| 8 | axt |
| 9 | xik |
| 10 | aň |
| 11 | aňjêk |
| 12 | aňziğ |
| 20 | ziğaň |
| 100 | húndat |
| 200 | ziğhúndat |
| 1000 | aňhúndat |
| 10000 | eňaorh |
Example Texts
- fsa umanseju nasejr diňitêti ve drêjti lijra ve hama. samholejr loğu ve isikdju, ve irêti endêrxunti silejr bratéonbi.
- "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."
- Source: Universal Declaration of Human Rights; Article 1
- lešpur mo uste dêzumar. omuzkešpur mo uste mêtšumar. prefigšpuf mo uste omuzar.
- "Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn."
- Source: Benjamin Franklin
- frezamondêzumortkasjo losštrêftšejr veraskir tšo.
- "Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it."
- Source: Jorge Santayana