Bgapian

Introduction

Modern Netagin (nðoḡin [ləˈðogin]) is the modern descendant of Classical Netagin. It is a prestige language in Talma, and is currently the most spoken Talman language.

There was diglossia in Early Modern Netagin like Dimotiki/Katharevousa

Numbers

1-12: ħaŋic böḏ hez tüŋ mikoś fazim ʔaŋbon kacăḏ xuȝos rifü þaḇiŋ śḏüȝ zorüx

Phonology

Consonants

Modern Netagin lost Classical Netagin gemination, and gained new consonant contrasts as a result.

		Labial	Alveolar	Lateral	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n~l/			ŋ /ŋ/
Plosive	tenuis	b /p/	d /t/			g /k/			ʔ /ʔ/
	voiced	ḇ /b/	ḏ /d/			ḡ /g/
	aspirated	p /pʰ/	t /tʰ/			k /kʰ/
Affricate			c /ts/	ć /tɬ/
Spirant	voiceless	f /f/	þ /θ/			x /x/
	voiced	v /v/	ð /ð/
Nonspirant	voiceless		s /s/	ś /ɬ/				ħ /ħ/	h /h/
	voiced		z /z/
Approximant			r /ɹ/		y /j/		ȝ /ʁ~ʕ/

• /pʰ/ is found in loans and words derived from loans.
• /d/ is often a tap [ɾ] before a vowel.

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i /i/	ü /y/	u /u/
Mid	e /e/	ö /ø/	o /o/
Open		a /a/

/y, ø/ are actually more accurately transcribed as /ʉ, ɵ/.

Morphology

Modern Netagin morphology is simpler than Classical Netagin. Verbs are simpler than nouns.

Nouns

Much of Classical Netagin noun morphology is preserved: nouns inflect for number and absolute and construct states, and may take possessive suffixes. Nouns have three principal parts: absolute singular, absolute plural and construct singular.

Adjectives

Adjectives in -in decline as follows:

nðoḡin 'Netagin'

	Singulative	Plurative
Masculine	nðoḡin	nðoḡino
Feminine	nðoḡiye	nðoḡiḇ

Verbs

Colloquial Modern Netagin is similar to Scottish Gaelic and colloquial Welsh, in using analytic constructions with auxiliaries and verbal nouns instead of conjugated verbs - but they're syntactically ergative. High-register Modern Netagin uses conjugated verbs like Classical Netagin.

Present

Se ʔaḏnaʔex es rȝun.

in cook.VN-1SG DEF vegetables

I am cooking the vegetables. (lit. "The vegetables are in my cooking" i.e. in the process of being cooked by me)

Compare an intransitive clause:

Se mir es sam.

in walk.VN DEF dog

The dog is walking.

Past

Vat ʔaḏnaʔex es rȝun.

after cook.VN-1SG DEF vegetables

I cooked the vegetables. (lit. The vegetables are after my cooking.)

Pluractionality

Verbal nouns may be pluralized to mark pluractionality (an action occuring multiple times or affecting a plural number of patients). Pluractional verbal nouns are also used as an antipassive, to some extent.

Syntax

Unlike Classical Netagin, Modern Netagin is a VOS, split-ergative language.