User:IlL/Spare pages 1/39
syllables in CW:
-pf, -tz/ß/ss, -sch, -ch > -w-b, -0-b, -j-b -0-b
-b = -breathy
-b, -pp, -d, -t, -tt, -đ, -ŧ, -ŧŧ, -g, -ck > -p -p -t -t -t -ɧ -ɧ -ɧ -k -k
that creates a lot of finals in modern wiob
maybe this is too much?
there might no longer be creaky tone
so I'll have {voiced, unvoiced} x {phar'd, unphar'd} x {breathy, modal}
8 tones!
I'll turn breathy, modal > modal, creaky later
what about -sŧ, -st, -sp, -cht finals
-mm -mpf -nn -nd -nŧ -nđ -ng -nk > -m -m-b -n -n -ng -ng -ng -ng
how about -ft, -sŧ, -st, -sp, -cht > glottalized tone
then I can have 12 tones
I have -ke for glottalized tone too
maybe -l can result in null when it occurs in coda of a stressed syllable
not /-w/
or /-j/ or /-w/, conditioned by the vowel
Maybe I'll just have -ke instead of -s for the most productive verbal noun suffix
Swadesh list
- I: nuo
- thou: i
- he/she/it: mi (this.m) mie (this.f), a (that.m), ah (that.f)
- we: hahm (exc), wind (inc)
- ye: lind
- they: miu (these m), mir (these f) å (those m), ar (those f)
- this: mi
- that: a
- here: ming
- there: ang
- who: ja
- what: jähl
- where: jang
- when: jieb
- how: jåne
- not: mei, liens, Quachs
- all: rei
- many: uhr
- some: kieŧ
- few: ŧich
- other: mach
- one: wiem
- two: descher
- three: nach
- four: mul
- five: nels
- big: halm
- long: gau
- wide: ŧrioch
- thick: schab
- heavy: garm
- small: binŧ
- short: kasch
- narrow: bisch
- thin: đipfer
- woman: Samm, Sämmer
- man: Ŧall, Ŧålle
- human: Wah, Wäher
- child: Bie, Biehe
- wife: Heste, Hester
- husband: Jern, Jörne
- mother: Ahm, Ähmer
- father: Ann, Anner
- animal: Schleck, Schlöcke
- fish: Hilm, Hülme
- bird: Ŧehr, Ŧöhret
- [a common pet]: Rüös, Ruoset
- insect: Đichli, Đichli
- snake?
- worm: Fitt, Fütte
- tree: Gein, Geiner
- forest: Rampf, Råmpfe
- stick: Bachs, Båchse
- fruit: Nind, Nindet
- seed: Pfatts, Depfatts
- leaf: Nitt, Denütte
- root: Flaun, Flauner
- bark: Krau, Kraue
- flower: Näpf, Napfe
- grass: Knohe, Knöher
- rope: Geletts, Geletts
- skin: Spang, Spanget
- meat/flesh: Ŧeid, Ŧeide
- blood: Mänz, Manze
- bone: Anŧ, Anŧet
- fat: Schnebe, Schneber
- egg: Bimm, Bümme
- horn: Pfächte, Pfachte
- tail: Behr, Böhre
- feather: Hufs, Hufser
- hair: Appe, Apper
- head: Bast, Båster
- ear: Điss, Đüsser
- eye: Feich, Faücher
- nose: Jade, Jader
- mouth: Küöm, Kuome
- tooth: Schwalf, Schwalfet
- tongue: Himmer, Himmert
- fingernail: Quab, Quäber
- foot: Mage, Mager
- leg: Mage, Mager
- knee: Zegel, Zegle
- hand: Schieme, Schiemer
- wing: Irbe, Irbet
- belly: Đänge, Đange
- guts: Ŧüffer
- neck: Krapf, Kråpfe
- back: Blein, Blaüne
- breast: Dack, Däcker
- heart: Eil, Aüle
- liver: Schürŧel, Schurŧel
- drink: điols, đüöls, Geđiols
- eat: haff, hiff, Haffs
- bite: gar, gier, Garen
- suck: ŧarg, ŧirg, Ŧargs
- spit: speŧŧ, speŧŧe, Speŧŧel
- vomit: begrall, begrälle, Begralls
- blow: schwecht, schwechte, Schwechts
- breathe: pfach, pfich, Pfachs
- laugh: rack, rick, Räckel (smile: racknung, racknünge, Racknungs)
- see: doss, döss, Dössel
- hear: ŧall, ŧill, Ŧalls
- know: gad, gied, Gads
- think: iem, ieme, Iems
- smell: blung, blunge, Blungs
- fear: knatz, knitz, Geknatz
- sleep: drau, driu, Draüel
- live: jund, jünde, Junds
- die: zern, zerne, Gezern
- kill: enzern, enzerne, Enzerns
Place names
Hauerreberjamms - capital of Wiobermin - Redo bloated spelling of Hauerreberjamms after reworking sound changes
Walsterschmerg
Gertraucherzweidung
Deschrüssmeder
Ingsthanz
Gemastkriebing
Tübederchung
Iosmahrlinde
Geschelinde
Greichŧrister
Uobensbarr
Wuscherŧrungen
Flaŧŧsschmängs
Ämmerbraum
Pfiune - river name
Words
Đern (m) - wish
Hascher, Hascher (f) 'city'
Und, Under (f) 'day'
Schnilŧ 'pod' > scha-nil > ha níl > niin > Nien 'spice'
Ŧehr (m) 'bird' > dzai1
Ŧepfs (f) 'ice' > dzai2
enŧepf 'freeze' > ńyp2
Früngli (m) - farmer
früngs, früngs, Früngs - farm
Huß, Hußer (m) - world
Mauch, Mauchet (f) - ball, sphere > mao5
Wister - unit of length
Stuchs - pace, rhythm
enschläb - lower
enfens - raise
Bezwanns - ladder, scale
bekiod - mourn, grieve
Esch - voice
Dioder - great mountain (Surname)
Descherbast - dvandva
Wiehung, Wiehunger 'kernel'
Etter-Gedeich - piano-like glockenspiel
Neim-Gedeich - harpsichord
Ŧeib - double or triple-coursed harp
Betz - flute
Strach - trumpet
ehr - for (dative)
tur - in (dative)
gar - to (accusative)
kall - before (dative)
gei (acc) - from
Historical phonology
Proto-Gamedan to Proto-Wiobian
- PGam *h-, *ʔ- > *0
- PGam *z > *h
- PGam *s > *ts
- Lateral obstruents become palatal obstruents
- "Grimm's law"
- PGam plain stops become fricatives
- PGam voiced stops become aspirated stops
- PGam ejective stops become voiced stops
Proto-Wiobian to Classical Wiobian
- Uvulars debuccalize
- Plain uvular stops /q ɢ/ become /ʔ/
- Plain uvular fricative /χ/ merges with /x/ into /x~h/
- Exception: *n + C[+uvular] yields Wiobian ng - This is why final -ng is common in Wiobian
- kʷ qʷ > kʷ, xʷ χʷ > xʷ, gʷ ɢʷ > w
Wiobian Consonant Shift:
p > f / V_V,
p > f / V_C
p > pf / #_, {l,m,n,r}_
pp > pf
t > ss or ß / V_
t > tz or z / #_, {l,m,n,r}_
tt > tz
k > ch / V_
bb > pp /
d > t
þ > d
f > b / V_V, l_