Tseer
Tseezh/Lexicon
Swadesh list for Tseezh
| Tseer | |
|---|---|
| Created by | IlL |
| Setting | Verse:Tricin |
Lakovic
| |
Tseezh (chezh; dowød Tseezh /dowøt tʃẽr̝/ Modern: /dowət tʃẽʃ/; Skellan: brits Txelzj) is a Lakovic language spoken in Talma. It is inspired mainly by Hmong and Somali, with touches of Burmese, Vietnamese and Satem IE languages like Polish.
Tseezh was a prominent classical language of Talma, second to Windermere; it left a significant influence on Windermere and Skellan.
Todo
- i ü u e o a ì ǜ ù è ò à → i ø u e o a ii øø uu ee oo aa
- p > f
- final -g disappears
- /w l/ > v w /v w/ > Eevo v ł, Wdm. w w
- ś, g > kh /x/ > Eevo ç
- s- > θ > t /t/ > Eevo t
- -s > -j
- š-, y- > x-
- c, ć > tx, ts
- t- > r /T/ > Eevo tr?
- r > zh /r/ > Eevo r or rzj/zj
Disappearing preinitial vowels > tone?
Numbers: don, oozhad, txiv, khaag, omøøtx, dag, abood, xev, wooj, rab, tajaav, tzhøg
ranam = ice
tawsuug = example
nasal vowels merge with nonnasal vowels before m/n/ng/l?
Final -ng disappears leaving nasalization (as in Skellan)
Phonology
Consonants
Classical
m n ng /ŋ/
t r /ʈ/ k ' /ʔ/
b d g
f x /s~z/ kh /x/ h
tx /ts/ ts /tʃ/
v dh /ð/ (dh only occurs syllable finally)
w zh /r̝~ʒ/ j /j/
/x/ is [ʂ] in some dialects
b d g = [p t k] word-finally.
Modern
- Czh clusters = /Cj/ in Modern Tseezh, while it was /Cr/ in Classical Tseezh.
- Syllable-final zh = [ʃ] in Modern Tseezh.
- Otherwise zh = [r] in Modern Tseezh.
- dh is pronounced [ɣ] in conservative accents. Usually it disappears and causes compensatory lengthening of the previous vowel.
- Unstressed nasal vowels > syllabic nasals: oozhad > nzhad
Vowels
Classical
a e i o u ø /a e i o u ɵ/
aa ee ii oo uu øø /ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɵ̃/
/ɵ/ will be transcribed as /ø/ for convenience.
Modern
Nasal/nonnasal vowel split
a e i o u ø /ɑ æ i o ü ə/
aa ee ii oo uu øø = /ã ẽj~ẽ e õw~õ u ɚ/
e /æ/ is [ɛ] before nasals and zh.
o /o/ is [u] after /w/.
Morphology
Tergetian grammar and morphology are rather conservative, for example it has retained the Proto-Lakovic reduplicated plural, pluractionality and gender in verbs and the grammatical function of Proto-Lakovic applicatives or triggers.
Pronouns
| I | thou (m.) | thou (f.) | he | she | we (exc.) | we (inc.) | you (pl.) | they (an.) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | zhii | khen | kheex | in | iix | txam | baa | mod | wadub |
'you' and 'they': from honorific expressions?
Nouns
Each noun has an intrinsic gender, either masculine or feminine. Feminine is marked with -x (pronounced [s] after /t k f x/, [əs] after /s ʃ ts tʃ/ and [z] otherwise).
- 'ativ = son-in-law; 'ativx = daughter-in-law
- bakhoo = uncle; bakhoox = aunt
- 'araaj = lion; 'araajx = lioness
Plurals are formed by reduplication.
- 'araaj 'lion' > 'aar'araaj 'lions'
- moog 'feather' > momoog 'feathers'
Verbs
Feminine subject: va-
Passive: haa- (~ Windermere ha-)
Pluractionality: e-, ee- or eFe- (cf. Windermere enFă- frequentative)
Aspects/Tenses:
- Perfective aspect: unmarked (Modern: ro- with past meaning, ~ Wdm. thu-)
- Imperfective aspect: we- (obsolete in Modern)
- Progressive: oL-, oo- (~ Wdm. ăL-, Modern oL- with non-past meaning)
- Jussive: af- (~ Wdm. hef-; Modern Tseezh uses xi- for imperative)
Or maybe:
- 0- = atelic past
- ro- = telic past
- o- = atelic nonpast
- oro- = telic nonpast (often future)
Sample texts
UDHR, Article 1
Rehayteew vikhon zhakhod mog wakoo de røzh me __ de __.
PST-PLACT-PASS-give_birth all human to free and equal in dignity and rights