Bgapian

Introduction

Modern Netagin (nðoḡin [ləˈðogin]) is the modern descendant of Classical Netagin. It is a prestige language in Talma, and is currently the most spoken Talman language.

Numbers

1-12: ħaŋic böḏ hez tüŋ mikoś fazim ʔaŋbon kacăḏ xuȝos rifü þaḇiŋ śḏüȝ zorüx

Phonology

Consonants

Modern Netagin lost Classical Netagin gemination, and gained new consonant contrasts as a result.

		Labial	Alveolar	Lateral	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n~l/			ŋ /ŋ/
Plosive	tenuis	b /p/	d /t/			g /k/			ʔ /ʔ/
	voiced	ḇ /b/	ḏ /d/			ḡ /g/
	aspirated	p /pʰ/	t /tʰ/			k /kʰ/
Affricate			c /ts/	ć /tɬ/
Spirant	voiceless	f /f/	þ /θ/			x /x/
	voiced	v /v/	ð /ð/
Nonspirant	voiceless		s /s/	ś /ɬ/				ħ /ħ/	h /h/
	voiced		z /z/
Approximant			r /ɹ/		y /j/		ȝ /ʁ~ʕ/

• /pʰ/ is found in loans and words derived from loans.
• /d/ is often a tap [ɾ] before a vowel.

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i /i/	ü /y/	u /u/
Mid	e /e/	ö /ø/	o /o/
Open		a /a/

/y, ø/ are actually more accurately transcribed as /ʉ, ɵ/.

Morphology

Modern Netagin morphology is simpler than Classical Netagin.

Nouns

Nouns have three principal parts: absolute singular, absolute plural and construct singular.

Adjectives

Adjectives in -in decline as follows:

nðoḡin 'Netagin'

	Singulative	Plurative
Masculine	nðoḡin	nðoḡino
Feminine	nðoḡiye	nðoḡiḇ

Verbs

Similar to Scottish Gaelic and Welsh, in using analytic constructions with auxiliaries and verbal nouns. Verbal marking is accusative, even though noun marking is ergative.

Present

ʔAxd se ʔadnaʔe reȝun.

1SG LOC cook.VN vegetables

I am cooking vegetables.

Recent past

Xikban ʔadnaʔe reȝun. I just cooked vegetables. (literally: I passed cooking vegetables)

Xemśo ʔadnaʔe reȝun. I overcooked vegetables. lit. I went too far in cooking vegetables

Syntax

Unlike Classical Netagin, Modern Netagin is a VSO, nominative-accusative language.