User:IlL/Spare pages 1/53
English in the AETHER timeline is an Indo-European language and has pretty much the same vocabulary and grammar as our English, but is a Riphic language, not a Germanic one. It is native to our Germany and Poland area, not the British Isles.
Etymologies
- leitmotif: an opera which used a leitmotif for a character named Lait or Light? (it was an operatic version of Death Note)
- karma: a non-Earth Indo-Aryan language
- mana: from IA *manas
- Parmesan: unknown. A folk etymology derives it from a Cubrite woman's name (Parm Eshan?).
- German linguistic terminology: invented by Edna? The standard terms are:
- affection not umlaut
- apophony not ablaut
- linguistic area not sprachbund
- lexical aspect not aktionsart
- case stacking not suffixaufnahme
- place of origin not urheimat
Accents
Brotherton
Philly + Boston; should inspire Shalaian and Netagin. Should be RP in ways that the Standard accent is not
- (Ph) Philly L
- (~Ph, ~RP) Philly-style reinforcement on preconsonantal vowels, but specifically before voiceless consonants; i.e. generalized Canadain-raising-esque effects
- (B, RP) non-rhotic
- (Ph, B, RP) Few or no mergers before prevocalic /r/
- (Ph, B, ~RP) Philly short-A system; lax A = [æ], tense A = [eə~ɛə]
- (Ph, RP) GOAT = [əʊ]; GOOSE = [üw]
- (Ph, ~RP) LOT = [ɑ], THOUGHT = NORTH = FORCE = POOR = [oə~ɔə]
- (B, ~RP) START = [ä]
- SQUARE (= tense A) = [eə~ɛə]
- NEAR = [iə~ɪə]
- NURSE = [ə:]
- /aɪ/, /aʊ/, /eɪ/, /oɪ/ = [aɪ], [aʊ], [eɪ], [oɪ]
- wine-whine merger (optional in Standard)
A-Standard
(Stolen from Lõis)
Overview
| Vowels | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feature | L-Standard | Brotherton | ||
| KIT | ɪ~ɪ̈ | |||
| DRESS | ɛ | |||
| TRAP | a | |||
| BATH (the BATH lexical set is same as RP) | aː~æː | |||
| LOT | ɔ~ɒ | |||
| STRUT | ɜ̟~ɐ | |||
| FOOT | ʊ̈~ɘ | |||
| FLEECE | ɪj~iː | |||
| FACE | ɛɪ | |||
| PRICE | ɑɪ | |||
| CHOICE | oɪ | |||
| MOUTH | æʊ | aʊ | ||
| GOAT | ə̟ʊ~əʊ~əʏ~ʌʏ, ɔʊ~ɒʊ before [ɫ] | |||
| GOOSE | üw, uː before [ɫ] | |||
| PALM | ɑː | |||
| THOUGHT | ɔː~ɒː | |||
| NEAR | ɪɚ~ɪə | |||
| SQUARE | ɛɚ~ɛə | |||
| NURSE | ɚː~əː | |||
| START | ɑɚ~ɑː | |||
| NORTH | oɚ~oə | |||
| FORCE | oɚ~oə | |||
| POOR | uɚ~uə | |||
| CURE | juɚ~jɚː~juə~jəː | |||
| commA | ə | |||
| lettER | ɚ~ə | |||
| happY | iː~ɪj | |||
| Other phenomena | ||||
| L-Standard | Brotherton | |||
| Rhoticity | Freely varies | Nonrhotic with intrusive R | ||
| Dark L | Only when non-prevocalic | Always, often vocalizing | ||
| /θ ð/ | [θ ð] | Often [t̪ d̪] | ||
| Aspiration of voiceless stops and t/d-tapping | As in BrE but no glottal reinforcement | As in AmE | ||
Western accent
This is the "Western English" accent. When Hebrew is read in this accent, it sounds like Israeli Hebrew with an American accent. It still has some non-Sephardi features, e.g. tsere = FACE = [eɪ] is distinct from segol = DRESS = [ɛ].
The intonation is stereotypical American/Valley Girl.
L-Philadelphian
This accent is spoken in both the city of Alaşehir in Turkey (or as locals call it, "Flulfia"), and in Philadelphia, PA (called "New Philadelphia"). It's a non-rhotic version of our Philly accent; r-intrusion is used, as in our New York accent.
- /l/ is always dark [ɫ] and often vocalizes to a uvularized, pharyngealized or nasalized [ɰ].
- A 3-way distinction of Mary [meəɹi], merry [mɛɹi~mɤɹi], marry [mæɹi], unlike Standard English
- hurry [hɤɹi], furry [fəːɹi]
- orange [ɒɹɪndʒ]
- mirror [mɪɹə(ɹ)] != nearer [niəɹə(ɹ)]
- /iːg/ > /ɪg/, /eɪg/ > /ɛg/ in many words
- /θ ð/ are commonly [t̪ d̪].
- Philadelphian A-tensing system reminiscent of trap-bath split
A characteristic feature is reinforcement for certain vowels or diphthongs before consonants, which changes the pronunciation of the vowel:
- The nucleus is shortened.
- When the consonant is voiced, the offglide is lengthened: fame [fɪiːm]
- When the consonant is voiceless, the consonant is lengthened: face [fɪjsː]
L-Standard English
Often called the "Newton accent". Also a standard for English Hebrew.
A kind of "Transatlantic accent", inspired by Californian + Philadelphia + Modern RP/Estuary.
Intonation is mostly American + my own weird intonation (my intonation basically)
Vowels
- orange = [oːɹəndʒ]
- Mary-merry-marry merger
- Mirror-nearer merger
- Hurry-furry merger
- No mergers before /l/
- No trap-bath split
Consonants
- L is light [l] before vowels and dark [ɫ] otherwise, as in RP.
- wholly-holy split.
- No glottal reinforcement before stops.
- /p t k/ are unaspirated after stressed syllables as in AmE.
- /d t/ has a tapped [ɾ] allophone in similar environments as in American English.
- wine-whine merger optional.
- /r/ may be [ʋ] between vowels.
Eastern accent
"Poylish" accent?