Verse:Mwail/Old Gloob: Difference between revisions

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{{Gloss|phrase = Jé henesan{{blue|thú}}?|IPA=/jéꜜ hènesanθuꜜ/|morphemes = jé ⟨he⟩nesa⟨n⟩-{{blue|thu}} |gloss = who ⟨PAST.PFV⟩kill.animate.subject⟨PAST.PFV.3SG.M.NOM⟩-{{blue|4SG.M.OBJ}} |translation = Whom did he kill?/Who is it he killed?}}

====Polar questions and focus====

~~{{Gloss|phrase = Ei henesanú Júlèm?|IPA=/èihenesanuꜜ júꜜlem/|morphemes = ei=⟨he⟩nesa⟨n⟩-u J~~. ~~|gloss = Q=⟨PAST~~.~~PFV⟩kill.animate.subject⟨PAST.PFV.3SG.M.NOM⟩-3SG.M.OBJ~~ |~~translation = Did he kill Júlèm?~~ (or ~~didn't he?~~)}}

Constituents fronted in front of the verb is the focused element. Without fronting, the question becomes a neutral question about the truth value. The "fourth person" object may be better seen as a type of [[w:inverse marking|inverse marking]]; it indicates that what is expected to be the subject (the noun preceding the verb, or otherwise the noun directly after the verb) is not the subject.

{{Gloss|phrase = Ei henesanthú Júlèm?|IPA=/èihenesanθuꜜ júꜜlem/|morphemes = ei=⟨he⟩nesa⟨n⟩-thu J. |gloss = Q=⟨PAST.PFV⟩kill.animate.subject⟨PAST.PFV.3SG.M.NOM⟩-4SG.M.OBJ J. |translation = Did Júlèm ~~kill him~~? (or didn't he?)}}

{{Gloss|phrase = Ei henesanú Júlèm?|IPA=/èihenesanuꜜ júꜜlem/|morphemes = ei=⟨he⟩nesa⟨n⟩-u J. |gloss = Q=⟨PAST.PFV⟩kill.animate.subject⟨PAST.PFV.3SG.M.NOM⟩-3SG.M.OBJ |translation = Did Júlèm kill him? (or didn't he?)}}

{{Gloss|phrase = Ei henesanthú Júlèm?|IPA=/èihenesanθuꜜ júꜜlem/|morphemes = ei=⟨he⟩nesa⟨n⟩-thu J. |gloss = Q=⟨PAST.PFV⟩kill.animate.subject⟨PAST.PFV.3SG.M.NOM⟩-4SG.M.OBJ J. |translation = Did he kill Júlèm? (or didn't he?)}}

{{Gloss|phrase = Ei Júlèm henesanthú?|IPA=/éijuꜜlem hènesanθuꜜ/|morphemes = ei=⟨he⟩nesa⟨n⟩-thu J. |gloss = Q=J. ⟨PAST.PFV⟩kill.animate.subject⟨PAST.PFV.3SG.M.NOM⟩-4SG.M.OBJ |translation = Is Júlèm the one he killed?}}

@@ Line 2,099: / Line 2,099: @@
 {{Gloss|phrase = Jé henesan{{blue|thú}}?|IPA=/jéꜜ hènesanθuꜜ/|morphemes = jé ⟨he⟩nesa⟨n⟩-{{blue|thu}} |gloss = who ⟨PAST.PFV⟩kill.animate.subject⟨PAST.PFV.3SG.M.NOM⟩-{{blue|4SG.M.OBJ}}  |translation = Whom did he kill?/Who is it he killed?}}
 ====Polar questions and focus====
-{{Gloss|phrase = Ei henesanú Júlèm?|IPA=/èihenesanuꜜ júꜜlem/|morphemes = ei=⟨he⟩nesa⟨n⟩-u J. |gloss = Q=⟨PAST.PFV⟩kill.animate.subject⟨PAST.PFV.3SG.M.NOM⟩-3SG.M.OBJ  |translation = Did he kill Júlèm? (or didn't he?)}}
+Constituents fronted in front of the verb is the focused element. Without fronting, the question becomes a neutral question about the truth value. The "fourth person" object may be better seen as a type of [[w:inverse marking|inverse marking]]; it indicates that what is expected to be the subject (the noun preceding the verb, or otherwise the noun directly after the verb) is not the subject.
-{{Gloss|phrase = Ei henesanthú Júlèm?|IPA=/èihenesanθuꜜ júꜜlem/|morphemes = ei=⟨he⟩nesa⟨n⟩-thu J. |gloss = Q=⟨PAST.PFV⟩kill.animate.subject⟨PAST.PFV.3SG.M.NOM⟩-4SG.M.OBJ J. |translation = Did Júlèm kill him? (or didn't he?)}}
+{{Gloss|phrase = Ei henesanú Júlèm?|IPA=/èihenesanuꜜ júꜜlem/|morphemes = ei=⟨he⟩nesa⟨n⟩-u J. |gloss = Q=⟨PAST.PFV⟩kill.animate.subject⟨PAST.PFV.3SG.M.NOM⟩-3SG.M.OBJ  |translation = Did Júlèm kill him? (or didn't he?)}}
+{{Gloss|phrase = Ei henesanthú Júlèm?|IPA=/èihenesanθuꜜ júꜜlem/|morphemes = ei=⟨he⟩nesa⟨n⟩-thu J. |gloss = Q=⟨PAST.PFV⟩kill.animate.subject⟨PAST.PFV.3SG.M.NOM⟩-4SG.M.OBJ J. |translation = Did he kill Júlèm? (or didn't he?)}}
 {{Gloss|phrase = Ei Júlèm henesanthú?|IPA=/éijuꜜlem hènesanθuꜜ/|morphemes = ei=⟨he⟩nesa⟨n⟩-thu J. |gloss = Q=J. ⟨PAST.PFV⟩kill.animate.subject⟨PAST.PFV.3SG.M.NOM⟩-4SG.M.OBJ  |translation = Is Júlèm the one he killed?}}