Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions

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===Past Indicative===

In the past indicative, -ah verbs are not distinguished ~~as a conjugation, behaving instead like root verbs~~. Frequentative verbs in ''-ve(y)-'' are completely regular, but the suffix becomes ''-vi(y)-'', e.g. ''mīmīšviyek'' "it was frequently seen" vs. present ''mīmīšveyė'' "it is frequently seen".

In the past indicative, -ah verbs are not distinguished from others. Frequentative verbs in ''-ve(y)-'' are completely regular, but the suffix becomes ''-vi(y)-'', e.g. ''mīmīšviyek'' "it was frequently seen" vs. present ''mīmīšveyė'' "it is frequently seen".

Ablauting verbs always have their base grade, except for inverse ablaut roots which use the reduced vowel.

Exterior forms:

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! rowspan=3 colspan=2 | Person !! colspan =2 | ~~a-root~~ !! colspan =2 | Athematic !! colspan =2 | Inverse-ablaut

! rowspan=3 colspan=2 | Person !! colspan =2 | Thematic, no ablaut !! colspan =2 | Athematic !! colspan =2 | Inverse-ablaut

|-

! colspan=2 | nāmvake "to crush, press" !! colspan=2 | gṇyauke "to give birth; ''int.:'' to be born" !! colspan=2 | valde "to open"

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| nāmv'''ayivė''' || nāmv'''irivė''' || gṇyau'''yivė''' || gṇyāv'''irivė''' || uld'''ayivė''' || uld'''irivė'''

|}

Some verbs have an irregular 3SG exterior past form due to ''-k'' attaching directly to the consonant. This does not happen in all athematic verbs, but only in the following ones:

* ''purake'' "to powder, to break with the hands" and ''sturake'' "to fall" which have ''pāṭ'' and ''stāṭ'' respectively.

* ''lutake'' "to obtain, gain, take advantage<ref>For the latter two meanings, the regular athematic verb ''halimaiške'' (halimaišė, halimaišek, ehalimaiše) is more commonly used.</ref>" (''lak''), ''ssutake'' "to attract, to bait, to seduce" (''ssak''), ''sprutake'' "to join, link" (''sprak'')

* ''leilge'' "to concern, to be on the topic of" (''lål'')

* ''peithake'' "to go on foot (multidirectional)" (''pat'')

* ''ręiske'' "to tickle" (''rąs'') and ''ñæssake'' (''ños'')

'''Causative'''

@@ Line 396: / Line 396: @@
 ===Past Indicative===
-In the past indicative, -ah verbs are not distinguished as a conjugation, behaving instead like root verbs. Frequentative verbs in ''-ve(y)-'' are completely regular, but the suffix becomes ''-vi(y)-'', e.g. ''mīmīšviyek'' "it was frequently seen" vs. present ''mīmīšveyė'' "it is frequently seen".<br/>
+In the past indicative, -ah verbs are not distinguished from others. Frequentative verbs in ''-ve(y)-'' are completely regular, but the suffix becomes ''-vi(y)-'', e.g. ''mīmīšviyek'' "it was frequently seen" vs. present ''mīmīšveyė'' "it is frequently seen".<br/>
 Ablauting verbs always have their base grade, except for inverse ablaut roots which use the reduced vowel.
 Exterior forms:
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-! rowspan=3 colspan=2 | Person !! colspan =2 | a-root !! colspan =2 | Athematic !! colspan =2 | Inverse-ablaut
+! rowspan=3 colspan=2 | Person !! colspan =2 | Thematic, no ablaut !! colspan =2 | Athematic !! colspan =2 | Inverse-ablaut
 |-
 ! colspan=2 | nāmvake <br/><small>"to crush, press"</small> !! colspan=2 | gṇyauke <br/><small>"to give birth; ''int.:'' to be born"</small> !! colspan=2 | valde <br/><small>"to open"</small>
@@ Line 434: / Line 434: @@
 | nāmv'''ayivė''' || nāmv'''irivė''' || gṇyau'''yivė''' || gṇyāv'''irivė''' || uld'''ayivė''' || uld'''irivė'''
 |}
+Some verbs have an irregular 3SG exterior past form due to ''-k'' attaching directly to the consonant. This does not happen in all athematic verbs, but only in the following ones:
+* ''purake'' "to powder, to break with the hands" and ''sturake'' "to fall" which have ''pāṭ'' and ''stāṭ'' respectively.
+* ''lutake'' "to obtain, gain, take advantage<ref>For the latter two meanings, the regular athematic verb ''halimaiške'' (halimaišė, halimaišek, ehalimaiše) is more commonly used.</ref>" (''lak''), ''ssutake'' "to attract, to bait, to seduce" (''ssak''), ''sprutake'' "to join, link" (''sprak'')
+* ''leilge'' "to concern, to be on the topic of" (''lål'')
+* ''peithake'' "to go on foot (multidirectional)" (''pat'')
+* ''ręiske'' "to tickle" (''rąs'') and ''ñæssake'' (''ños'')
 '''Causative'''<br/>