Verse:Mwail/Old Gloob: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
The Themsaran language | The Themsaran language constitutes a separate branch of the Zachydic language family, along with other para-Themsaran languages. Themsaran is a typological and lexical outlier in its family due to its long period of isolation and substrate influence. This article describes Classical Themsaran. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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| | | ŋ | ||
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| θ ⟨th⟩ | | θ ⟨th⟩ | ||
| s z | | s z | ||
| ʃ | | ʃ ⟨š⟩ ʒ ⟨ž⟩ | ||
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| x~χ | | x~χ ⟨ch⟩ | ||
| ħ~ʜ~ʢ | | ħ~ʜ~ʢ ⟨ħ⟩ | ||
| h | | h | ||
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| tʃ | | tʃ ⟨ť⟩ | ||
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| ʎ | | ʎ ⟨ļ⟩ | ||
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|} | |} | ||
====Allophony==== | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
Themaran has six vowels, short and long. Short vowels have one mora, and long vowels have two morae. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;" | ||
! style="width: 90px; "| | ! style="width: 90px; "| | ||
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! style="" |Close | ! style="" |Close | ||
| i iː | | i ⟨i⟩ iː ⟨ī⟩ | ||
| ʉ ʉː | | ʉ ⟨y⟩ ʉː ⟨ȳ⟩ | ||
| u uː | | u ⟨u⟩ uː ⟨ū⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Mid | ! style="" |Mid | ||
| e eː | | e ⟨e⟩ eː ⟨ē⟩ | ||
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| o oː | | o ⟨o⟩ oː ⟨ō⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Open | ! style="" |Open | ||
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| a aː | | a ⟨a⟩ aː ⟨ā⟩ | ||
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|} | |} | ||
The following are the diphthongs, all falling: /ai au ei ie~ia uo~ua/ ⟨ai au ei ie ua⟩. All diphthongs are bimoraic. | |||
===Pitch accent=== | ===Pitch accent=== | ||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
Themsaran is a strongly head-initial and head-marking language. | Themsaran is a strongly head-initial and head-marking language. Its morphosyntax is nominative-accusative. | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns inflect for number, definiteness and | Nouns inflect for number, definiteness and possessedness, but not for case. Nouns have two genders, masculine and feminine. In third-person possessed forms, Themsaran makes a distinction between absolute possessed form, the last noun in a possessive noun phrase, and the conjunct possessed form, found within a possessive NP. | ||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
Adjectives agree in not only number, definiteness and gender with their heads, but also in | Adjectives agree in not only number, definiteness and gender with their heads, but also in possessedness. Adjectives also take degree inflection (positive, "less/least", "more/most", elative, "X enough", "too X"). | ||
====Inflection==== | ====Inflection==== | ||
====Degree==== | ====Degree==== | ||
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=====Active===== | =====Active===== | ||
=====Mediopassive===== | =====Mediopassive===== | ||
====Bipersonal | ====Bipersonal affixes==== | ||
==== | =====Active===== | ||
=====Mediopassive===== | |||
====Degree affixes==== | |||
===Prepositions=== | ===Prepositions=== | ||
===Numerals=== | ===Numerals=== | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
The default constituent order is verb-subject-pronominal oblique object-direct object. | The default constituent order is verb-subject-pronominal oblique object-direct object. The subject or the direct object may be topicalized or focalized by being placed in front of the verb. | ||
===Noun phrases=== | |||
===Equational sentences=== | |||
===Relative clauses=== | ===Relative clauses=== | ||
===Coreferentiality and focus=== | ===Coreferentiality and focus=== | ||
==Derivational morphology== | |||
==Derivational | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:A priori]] | [[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:A priori]] | ||