Lahob languages: Difference between revisions

Line 92:

* The Tlengastic languages distinguish an n-class which continues the PLB m-class, while the other three have been merged in a single class (with most words being consonant-final).

* The Woŋom-Baan languages have the same n-class derived from the PLB m-class as the Tlengastic languages, but the other one was split between vowel-final words (mostly continuing the vowel-final nouns of the PLB r-class) and consonant-final words; inflections for the consonant-final class continue the PLB s-class, those of the vowel-final class the PLB r-class.

====Pronouns====

Only the first- and second-person pronouns are reliably reconstructible in Proto-Lahob; it probably did not have common third person pronouns nor those differing in formality (which are found in Chlouvānem and, in a different way, in Coastal Tlengast) - the pronoun declension was apparently marginally productive and terms which were used as pronouns were sometimes analogically added to it — first of all, the development of Chlouvānem's 2SG formal equal pronoun ''ravi'' starting from the Ancient Kūṣṛmāṭhi borrowing ''ozhavam'' can be seen in texts from the early centuries of the Second Era; also using nouns instead of pronouns is not uncommon among Lahob languages, as do, without a change in declension, contemporary Chlouvānem, most of its descendants, as well as some Pwaɬasd-Ngos languages.

Like most modern Lahob languages - Chlouvānem is, this time, the exception - the Proto-Lahob second person pronouns distinguished natural gender both in the singular and in the plural; while both plural second person pronouns have vanished from Chlouvānem (though the feminine one's direct and genitive cases only are attested in Archaic Chlouvānem), the feminine singular is reflected as the formal superior and the masculine singular as the formal inferior.<br/>

The dual forms may not be reliably reconstructed (as anywhere in Proto-Lahob morphology) because Chlouvānem is the only attested Lahob language with a dual form (excluding a few of its daughter languages).

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! rowspan=2 | Proto-Lahob !! rowspan=2 | [[Chlouvānem]] !! colspan=4 | Central Lahobic !! colspan=2 | Pwaɬasd-Ngos

|-

! Łaȟoḇszer !! Łokow !! Yełeshian Lawo !! Shershan Lawo !! Tundra Pwaɬasd !! Ngos

|-

! *ʕiŋi, *ʕ- "I"

| lili || ên || eng || yeng || êŋ || ěni || ɤni

|-

! *kūri, *k- "you (masculine sg)"

| kūri || kor || kör || kož || kory || guy || kuy

|-

! *noni, *nəj- "you (feminine sg)"

| nani || non || nön || no || non || noni || nay

|-

! *majin, *m-/*maj- "we"

| main || mên || men || meyn || meyn || men || min

|-

! *korin, *kro-/*koj- "you (masculine pl)"

| — || kožin || kören || kožin || koron || guyr || keyr

|-

! *nogin, *(ə)ŋg- "you (feminine pl)"

| nagin || noyn || nöken || nong || noŋ || nuyn || nokin

|}

====Verbs====

@@ Line 92: / Line 92: @@
 * The Tlengastic languages distinguish an n-class which continues the PLB m-class, while the other three have been merged in a single class (with most words being consonant-final).
 * The Woŋom-Baan languages have the same n-class derived from the PLB m-class as the Tlengastic languages, but the other one was split between vowel-final words (mostly continuing the vowel-final nouns of the PLB r-class) and consonant-final words; inflections for the consonant-final class continue the PLB s-class, those of the vowel-final class the PLB r-class.
+====Pronouns====
+Only the first- and second-person pronouns are reliably reconstructible in Proto-Lahob; it probably did not have common third person pronouns nor those differing in formality (which are found in Chlouvānem and, in a different way, in Coastal Tlengast) - the pronoun declension was apparently marginally productive and terms which were used as pronouns were sometimes analogically added to it — first of all, the development of Chlouvānem's 2SG formal equal pronoun ''ravi'' starting from the Ancient Kūṣṛmāṭhi borrowing ''ozhavam'' can be seen in texts from the early centuries of the Second Era; also using nouns instead of pronouns is not uncommon among Lahob languages, as do, without a change in declension, contemporary Chlouvānem, most of its descendants, as well as some Pwaɬasd-Ngos languages.
+Like most modern Lahob languages - Chlouvānem is, this time, the exception - the Proto-Lahob second person pronouns distinguished natural gender both in the singular and in the plural; while both plural second person pronouns have vanished from Chlouvānem (though the feminine one's direct and genitive cases only are attested in Archaic Chlouvānem), the feminine singular is reflected as the formal superior and the masculine singular as the formal inferior.<br/>
+The dual forms may not be reliably reconstructed (as anywhere in Proto-Lahob morphology) because Chlouvānem is the only attested Lahob language with a dual form (excluding a few of its daughter languages).
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! rowspan=2 | Proto-Lahob !! rowspan=2 | [[Chlouvānem]] !! colspan=4 | Central Lahobic !! colspan=2 | Pwaɬasd-Ngos
+|-
+! Łaȟoḇszer !! Łokow !! Yełeshian Lawo !! Shershan Lawo !! Tundra Pwaɬasd !! Ngos
+|-
+! *ʕiŋi, *ʕ- "I"
+| lili || ên || eng || yeng || êŋ || ěni || ɤni
+|-
+! *kūri, *k- "you (masculine sg)"
+| kūri || kor || kör || kož || kory || guy || kuy
+|-
+! *noni, *nəj- "you (feminine sg)"
+| nani || non || nön || no || non || noni || nay
+|-
+! *majin, *m-/*maj- "we"
+| main || mên || men || meyn || meyn || men || min
+|-
+! *korin, *kro-/*koj- "you (masculine pl)"
+| — || kožin || kören || kožin || koron || guyr || keyr
+|-
+! *nogin, *(ə)ŋg- "you (feminine pl)"
+| nagin || noyn || nöken || nong || noŋ || nuyn || nokin
+|}
 ====Verbs====