Roshterian: Difference between revisions

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The most significant changes characterizing Roshterian are coalescing and altering of consonant clusters, often creating retroflex consonants.

*{{recon|ā}} > ''ia'' ({{recon|nā}} > ''nia'' 'I'); {{recon|ō}} > ''ua''; {{recon|au}} > ô; {{recon|ou}} > ''û''; {{recon|ū}} > ''î''

*{{recon|qʷ}} > /χʷ/ > /ɧ/ > ''sh''; {{recon|ʁʷ}} > /ζ/ > ''rh''

*{{recon|qʷ}} > /χʷ/ > /ɧ/ > ''s̱''; {{recon|ʁʷ}} > /ζ/ > ''ṟ''

**''ʁʷelinə'' ("6 parts [of 12]") > ''~~rhelin~~'' 'half'

**''ʁʷelinə'' ("6 parts [of 12]") > ''ṟelin'' 'half'

*{{recon|nw, tw, dw, sw, łw, lw, rw}} > ''nh, th, dh, sh, łh, rh, rh'' /ɳ, ʈ, ɖ, ʂ, ɬ̠, ʐ~ɻ~ɭ, ʐ~ɻ~ɭ/

*{{recon|nw, tw, dw, sw, łw, lw, rw}} > ''ṉ, ṯ, ḏ, s̱, x̱, ḻ, ṟ'' /ɳ, ʈ, ɖ, ʂ, ɬ̠, ʐ~ɻ~ɭ, ʐ~ɻ~ɭ/

**''gʷałwā'' > ''~~bałhi~~'' 'neck, throat' ~ Thn. ''gaθuā'' 'throat (also language)'

**''gʷałwā'' > ''bax̱i'' 'neck, throat' ~ Thn. ''gaθuā'' 'throat (also language)'

*{{recon|sl-, sm-, sn-}} > ''lh-, m-, nh-''

*{{recon|sl-, sm-, sn-}} > ''ḻ-, m-, ṉ-''

*{{recon|sɸ-, sr-, sw-}} > ''sh-, rh-, sh-''

*{{recon|sɸ-, sr-, sw-}} > ''s̱-, ṟ-, s̱-''

*{{recon|st, sk, skʷ, sq}} > ''t-/st, th-/~~sth~~-, v-/sv-, q-/sq''

*{{recon|st, sk, skʷ, sq}} > ''t-/st, ṯ-/s̱ṯ-, v-/sv-, q-/s̱q''

**''stas-'' > ''tetsil'' 'gathering' (~ Thn. ''Stasnyssōs'')

**''skəttā'' > ''~~thytti~~'' 'body' ~ Thn. ''scyttā''

**''skəttā'' > ''ṯỷti'' 'body' ~ Thn. ''scyttā''

**{{recon|bastom}} > ''bast'' 'king' ~ Thn. ''bastom'' 'head'

*{{recon|sb, sd, sg}} > ''~~rhb~~, ~~rhdh~~, ~~rhg~~''

*{{recon|sb, sd, sg}} > ''ṟb, ṟdh, ṟg''

**{{recon|nasg-}} > ''~~narhg~~'' '3'

**{{recon|nasg-}} > ''naṟg'' '3'

*{{recon|φn, tn, φl, tl}} > /ːn, ts, ːɬ, tɬ/

**''łnāgin'' > ''~~tłiagin~~'' 'I believe' ~ Thn. ''θnāginis''

**''łnāgin'' > ''txiagin'' 'I believe' ~ Thn. ''θnāginis''

**''oφlutsus'' > ''~~ôłus~~'' 'wave'

**''oφlutsus'' > ''ỏxus'' 'wave'

*{{recon|kt, qt}} > /jt, :ʈ/

**{{recon|tektə}} > ''teit'' /teit/ 'child'

**{{recon|neqtə}} > ''~~nêth~~'' /neːʈ/ 'cloud'

**{{recon|neqtə}} > ''nẻṯ'' /neːʈ/ 'cloud'

*{{recon|kn, gn, qn, ql, qr}} > /jn, jn, :ɳ, :ɻ, :ɻ/ (with **/uj/ > /uː/ )

**''sφugnus'' > ''~~shûn~~'' 'root' ~ Thn. ''sφugnus''

**''sφugnus'' > ''s̱ủn'' 'root' ~ Thn. ''sφugnus''

**''leqnos'' > ''~~lênh~~'' 'river' ~ Thn. ''leānos''?

**''leqnos'' > ''lẻṉ'' 'river' ~ Thn. ''leānos''?

**''qrīdis'' > ''~~rhîd~~'' 'knife' ~ Thn. ''ȝrīdis'' 'edge'

**''qrīdis'' > ''ṟỉd'' 'knife' ~ Thn. ''ȝrīdis'' 'edge'

*{{recon|φj, tj, kj, qj}} > ''pt ss ts gh''

*{{recon|φj, tj, kj, qj}} > ''pt s ts ḡ''

*{{recon|φ-, j-, s-}} > ''h-''

*{{recon|skj, stj}} > ''th-/~~sth~~, s-/ss''

*{{recon|skj, stj}} > ''ṯ-/sṯ, s-/ːs''

*final short vowels lost; final ''-m, -r, -s, -t'' lost; final long vowels shorten (''ia, ua'' > ''i, u'')

*''i''-affection: The following changes affect V1 in sequences of the form V1 + consonant cluster + (*i/*ī/*j) unless the consonant cluster after V1 contains a retroflex consonant.

@@ Line 126: / Line 126: @@
 The most significant changes characterizing Roshterian are coalescing and altering of consonant clusters, often creating retroflex consonants.
 *{{recon|ā}} > ''ia'' ({{recon|nā}} > ''nia'' 'I'); {{recon|ō}} > ''ua''; {{recon|au}} > ô; {{recon|ou}} > ''û''; {{recon|ū}} > ''î''
-*{{recon|qʷ}} > /χʷ/ > /ɧ/ > ''sh''; {{recon|ʁʷ}} > /ζ/ > ''rh''
+*{{recon|qʷ}} > /χʷ/ > /ɧ/ > ''s̱''; {{recon|ʁʷ}} > /ζ/ > ''ṟ''
-**''ʁʷelinə'' ("6 parts [of 12]") > ''rhelin'' 'half'
+**''ʁʷelinə'' ("6 parts [of 12]") > ''ṟelin'' 'half'
-*{{recon|nw, tw, dw, sw, łw, lw, rw}} > ''nh, th, dh, sh, łh, rh, rh'' /ɳ, ʈ, ɖ, ʂ, ɬ̠, ʐ~ɻ~ɭ, ʐ~ɻ~ɭ/
+*{{recon|nw, tw, dw, sw, łw, lw, rw}} > ''ṉ, ṯ, ḏ, s̱, x̱, ḻ, ṟ'' /ɳ, ʈ, ɖ, ʂ, ɬ̠, ʐ~ɻ~ɭ, ʐ~ɻ~ɭ/
-**''gʷałwā'' > ''bałhi'' 'neck, throat' ~ Thn. ''gaθuā'' 'throat (also language)'
+**''gʷałwā'' > ''bax̱i'' 'neck, throat' ~ Thn. ''gaθuā'' 'throat (also language)'
-*{{recon|sl-, sm-, sn-}} > ''lh-, m-, nh-''
+*{{recon|sl-, sm-, sn-}} > ''ḻ-, m-, ṉ-''
-*{{recon|sɸ-, sr-, sw-}} > ''sh-, rh-, sh-''
+*{{recon|sɸ-, sr-, sw-}} > ''s̱-, ṟ-, s̱-''
-*{{recon|st, sk, skʷ, sq}} > ''t-/st, th-/sth-, v-/sv-, q-/sq''
+*{{recon|st, sk, skʷ, sq}} > ''t-/st, ṯ-/s̱ṯ-, v-/sv-, q-/s̱q''
 **''stas-'' > ''tetsil'' 'gathering' (~ Thn. ''Stasnyssōs'')
-**''skəttā'' > ''thytti'' 'body' ~ Thn. ''scyttā''
+**''skəttā'' > ''ṯỷti'' 'body' ~ Thn. ''scyttā''
 **{{recon|bastom}} > ''bast'' 'king' ~ Thn. ''bastom'' 'head'
-*{{recon|sb, sd, sg}} > ''rhb, rhdh, rhg''
+*{{recon|sb, sd, sg}} > ''ṟb, ṟdh, ṟg''
-**{{recon|nasg-}} > ''narhg'' '3'
+**{{recon|nasg-}} > ''naṟg'' '3'
 *{{recon|φn, tn, φl, tl}} > /ːn, ts, ːɬ, tɬ/
-**''łnāgin'' > ''tłiagin'' 'I believe' ~ Thn. ''θnāginis''
+**''łnāgin'' > ''txiagin'' 'I believe' ~ Thn. ''θnāginis''
-**''oφlutsus'' > ''ôłus'' 'wave'
+**''oφlutsus'' > ''ỏxus'' 'wave'
 *{{recon|kt, qt}} > /jt, :ʈ/
 **{{recon|tektə}} > ''teit'' /teit/ 'child'
-**{{recon|neqtə}} > ''nêth'' /neːʈ/ 'cloud'
+**{{recon|neqtə}} > ''nẻṯ'' /neːʈ/ 'cloud'
 *{{recon|kn, gn, qn, ql, qr}} > /jn, jn, :ɳ, :ɻ, :ɻ/ (with **/uj/ > /uː/ )
-**''sφugnus'' > ''shûn''  'root' ~ Thn. ''sφugnus''
+**''sφugnus'' > ''s̱ủn''  'root' ~ Thn. ''sφugnus''
-**''leqnos'' > ''lênh'' 'river' ~ Thn. ''leānos''?
+**''leqnos'' > ''lẻṉ'' 'river' ~ Thn. ''leānos''?
-**''qrīdis'' > ''rhîd'' 'knife' ~ Thn. ''ȝrīdis'' 'edge'
+**''qrīdis'' > ''ṟỉd'' 'knife' ~ Thn. ''ȝrīdis'' 'edge'
-*{{recon|φj, tj, kj, qj}} > ''pt ss ts gh''
+*{{recon|φj, tj, kj, qj}} > ''pt s ts ḡ''
 *{{recon|φ-, j-, s-}} > ''h-''
-*{{recon|skj, stj}} > ''th-/sth, s-/ss''
+*{{recon|skj, stj}} > ''ṯ-/sṯ, s-/ːs''
 *final short vowels lost; final ''-m, -r, -s, -t'' lost; final long vowels shorten (''ia, ua'' > ''i, u'')
 *''i''-affection: The following changes affect V1 in sequences of the form V1 + consonant cluster + (*i/*ī/*j) unless the consonant cluster after V1 contains a retroflex consonant.