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The emphatic marker is usually added to declarative verbs when there is no preverbal particle:
The emphatic marker is usually added to declarative verbs when there is no preverbal particle:
*''caxynis'' = I eat
*''cacsynis'' = I eat
*''nīs caxyn'' = I do not eat
*''nīs cacsyn'' = I do not eat
====Present====
====Present====
Independent forms:
Independent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || tussanis || torenis || aellinis || caxynis
| 1SG || tussanis || torenis || aellinis || cacsynis
|-
|-
| 2SG || tussaris || toreris || aelliris || caxyris
| 2SG || tussaris || toreris || aelliris || cacsyris
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || tussamis || toremis || aellimis || caxymis
| 3SG.M || tussamis || toremis || aellimis || cacsymis
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || tussasis || toresis || aellisis || caxysis
| 3SG.F || tussasis || toresis || aellisis || cacsysis
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || tussas || tores || aellis || caxis
| 3SG.N || tussas || tores || aellis || cacsis
|-
|-
| 1EX || tussamēs || toremēs || aellimēs || caxymēs
| 1EX || tussamēs || toremēs || aellimēs || cacsymēs
|-
|-
| 1IN || tussantis || torentis || aellintis || caxyntis
| 1IN || tussantis || torentis || aellintis || cacsyntis
|-
|-
| 2PL || tussasces || toresces || aellisces || caxysces
| 2PL || tussasces || toresces || aellisces || cacsysces
|-
|-
| 3PL || tussatis || toretis || aellitis || caxytis
| 3PL || tussatis || toretis || aellitis || cacsytis
|}
|}
Dependent forms (shown with ''nīs'' 'not'):
Dependent forms (shown with ''nīs'' 'not'):
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || nīs tussan || nīs toren || nīs aellin || nīs caxyn
| 1SG || nīs tussan || nīs toren || nīs aellin || nīs cacsyn
|-
|-
| 2SG || nīs tussar || nīs torer || nīs aellir || nīs caxyr
| 2SG || nīs tussar || nīs torer || nīs aellir || nīs cacsyr
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || nīs tussam || nīs torem || nīs aellim || nīs caxym
| 3SG.M || nīs tussam || nīs torem || nīs aellim || nīs cacsym
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || nīs tussasi || nīs toresi || nīs aellisi || nīs caxysi
| 3SG.F || nīs tussasi || nīs toresi || nīs aellisi || nīs cacsysi
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || nīs tussa || nīs tore || nīs aelli || nīs caxy
| 3SG.N || nīs tussa || nīs tore || nīs aelli || nīs cacsy
|-
|-
| 1EX || nīs tussamē || nīs toremē || nīs aellimē || nīs caxymē
| 1EX || nīs tussamē || nīs toremē || nīs aellimē || nīs cacsymē
|-
|-
| 1IN || nīs tussant || nīs torent || nīs aellint || nīs caxynt
| 1IN || nīs tussant || nīs torent || nīs aellint || nīs cacsynt
|-
|-
| 2PL || nīs tussasce || nīs toresce || nīs aellisce || nīs caxysce
| 2PL || nīs tussasce || nīs toresce || nīs aellisce || nīs cacsysce
|-
|-
| 3PL || nīs tussat || nīs toret || nīs aellit || nīs caxyt
| 3PL || nīs tussat || nīs toret || nīs aellit || nīs cacsyt
|}
|}


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{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || tetussanis || tetorenis || aeaellinis || cecaxynis
| 1SG || tetussanis || tetorenis || aeaellinis || cecacsynis
|-
|-
| 2SG || tetussaris || tetoreris || aeaelliris || cecaxyris
| 2SG || tetussaris || tetoreris || aeaelliris || cecacsyris
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || tetussamis || tetoremis || aeaellimis || cecaxymis
| 3SG.M || tetussamis || tetoremis || aeaellimis || cecacsymis
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || tetussasis || tetoresis || aeaellisis || cecaxysis
| 3SG.F || tetussasis || tetoresis || aeaellisis || cecacsysis
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || tetussas || tetores || aeaellis || cecaxis
| 3SG.N || tetussas || tetores || aeaellis || cecacsis
|-
|-
| 1EX || tetussamēs || tetoremēs || aeaellimēs || cecaxymēs
| 1EX || tetussamēs || tetoremēs || aeaellimēs || cecacsymēs
|-
|-
| 1IN || tetussantis || tetorentis || aeaellintis || cecaxyntis
| 1IN || tetussantis || tetorentis || aeaellintis || cecacsyntis
|-
|-
| 2PL || tetussasces || tetoresces || aeaellisces || cecaxysces
| 2PL || tetussasces || tetoresces || aeaellisces || cecacsysces
|-
|-
| 3PL || tetussatis || tetoretis || aeaellitis || cecaxytis
| 3PL || tetussatis || tetoretis || aeaellitis || cecacsytis
|}
|}
Dependent forms:
Dependent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || nīs tetussan || nīs tetoren || nīs aeaellin || nīs cecaxyn
| 1SG || nīs tetussan || nīs tetoren || nīs aeaellin || nīs cecacsyn
|-
|-
| 2SG || nīs tetussar || nīs tetorer || nīs aeaellir || nīs cecaxyr
| 2SG || nīs tetussar || nīs tetorer || nīs aeaellir || nīs cecacsyr
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || nīs tetussam || nīs tetorem || nīs aeaellim || nīs cecaxym
| 3SG.M || nīs tetussam || nīs tetorem || nīs aeaellim || nīs cecacsym
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || nīs tetussasi || nīs tetoresi || nīs aeaellisi || nīs cecaxysis
| 3SG.F || nīs tetussasi || nīs tetoresi || nīs aeaellisi || nīs cecacsysis
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || nīs tetussa || nīs tetore || nīs aeaelli || nīs cecaxy
| 3SG.N || nīs tetussa || nīs tetore || nīs aeaelli || nīs cecacsy
|-
|-
| 1EX || nīs tetussamē || nīs tetoremē || nīs aeaellimē || nīs cecaxymē
| 1EX || nīs tetussamē || nīs tetoremē || nīs aeaellimē || nīs cecacsymē
|-
|-
| 1IN || nīs tetussant || nīs tetorent || nīs aeaellint || nīs cecaxynt
| 1IN || nīs tetussant || nīs tetorent || nīs aeaellint || nīs cecacsynt
|-
|-
| 2PL || nīs tetussasce || nīs tetoresce || nīs aeaellisce || nīs cecaxysce
| 2PL || nīs tetussasce || nīs tetoresce || nīs aeaellisce || nīs cecacsysce
|-
|-
| 3PL || nīs tetussat || nīs tetoret || nīs aeaellit || nīs cecaxyt
| 3PL || nīs tetussat || nīs tetoret || nīs aeaellit || nīs cecacsyt
|}
|}


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{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || tussannemis || torennemis || aellinnemis || cēnnemis
| 1SG || tussannemis || torennemis || aellinnemis || cēnnemis
Line 386: Line 386:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || nīs tussannem || nīs torennem || nīs aellinnem || nīs cēnnem
| 1SG || nīs tussannem || nīs torennem || nīs aellinnem || nīs cēnnem
Line 421: Line 421:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || tussatēnis || toretēnis || cāstēnis
| 1SG || tussatēnis || toretēnis || cāstēnis
Line 444: Line 444:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || nīs tussatēn || nīs toretēn || nīs cāstēn
| 1SG || nīs tussatēn || nīs toretēn || nīs cāstēn
Line 469: Line 469:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || tussanaes || torenaes || caxynaes
| 1SG || tussanaes || torenaes || cacsynaes
|-
|-
| 2SG || tussaraes || toreraes || caxyraes
| 2SG || tussaraes || toreraes || cacsyraes
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || tussamioris || toremioris || caxymioris
| 3SG.M || tussamioris || toremioris || cacsymioris
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || tussasioris || toresioris || caxysioris
| 3SG.F || tussasioris || toresioris || cacsysioris
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || tussoris || torioris || caxioris
| 3SG.N || tussoris || torioris || cacsioris
|-
|-
| 1EX || tussamaes || toremaes || caxymaes
| 1EX || tussamaes || toremaes || cacsymaes
|-
|-
| 1IN || tussantaes || torentaes || caxyntaes
| 1IN || tussantaes || torentaes || cacsyntaes
|-
|-
| 2PL || tussascaes || torescaes || caxyscaes
| 2PL || tussascaes || torescaes || cacsyscaes
|-
|-
| 3PL || tussatioris || toretioris || caxytioris
| 3PL || tussatioris || toretioris || cacsytioris
|}
|}
Dependent forms (shown with the irrealis negative ''δā''):
Dependent forms (shown with the irrealis negative ''δā''):
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || δā tussanae || δā torenae || δā caxynae
| 1SG || δā tussanae || δā torenae || δā cacsynae
|-
|-
| 2SG || δā tussarae || δā torerae || δā caxyrae
| 2SG || δā tussarae || δā torerae || δā cacsyrae
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || δā tussamior || δā toremior || δā caxymior
| 3SG.M || δā tussamior || δā toremior || δā cacsymior
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || δā tussasior || δā toresior || δā caxysior
| 3SG.F || δā tussasior || δā toresior || δā cacsysior
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || δā tussor || δā torior || δā caxior
| 3SG.N || δā tussor || δā torior || δā cacsior
|-
|-
| 1EX || δā tussamae || δā toremae || δā caxymae
| 1EX || δā tussamae || δā toremae || δā cacsymae
|-
|-
| 1IN || δā tussantae || δā torentae || δā caxyntae
| 1IN || δā tussantae || δā torentae || δā cacsyntae
|-
|-
| 2PL || δā tussascae || δā torescae || δā caxyscae
| 2PL || δā tussascae || δā torescae || δā cacsyscae
|-
|-
| 3PL || δā tussatior || δā toretior || δā caxytior
| 3PL || δā tussatior || δā toretior || δā cacsytior
|}
|}


Line 518: Line 518:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || tussaedonis || torēdonis || caxidonis
| 1SG || tussaedonis || torēdonis || cacsidonis
|-
|-
| 2SG || tussaedoris || torēdoris || caxidoris
| 2SG || tussaedoris || torēdoris || cacsidoris
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || tussaedomis || torēdomis || caxidomis
| 3SG.M || tussaedomis || torēdomis || cacsidomis
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || tussaedosis || torēdosis || caxidosis
| 3SG.F || tussaedosis || torēdosis || cacsidosis
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || tussaedos || torēdos || caxidos
| 3SG.N || tussaedos || torēdos || cacsidos
|-
|-
| 1EX || tussaedomēs || torēdomēs || caxidomēs
| 1EX || tussaedomēs || torēdomēs || cacsidomēs
|-
|-
| 1IN || tussaedontis || torēdontis || caxidontis
| 1IN || tussaedontis || torēdontis || cacsidontis
|-
|-
| 2PL || tussaedosces || torēdosces || caxidosces
| 2PL || tussaedosces || torēdosces || cacsidosces
|-
|-
| 3PL || tussaedotis || torēdotis || caxidotis
| 3PL || tussaedotis || torēdotis || cacsidotis
|}
|}
Dependent forms:
Dependent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || δā tussaedon || δā torēdon || δā caxidon
| 1SG || δā tussaedon || δā torēdon || δā cacsidon
|-
|-
| 2SG || δā tussaedor || δā torēdor || δā caxidor
| 2SG || δā tussaedor || δā torēdor || δā cacsidor
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || δā tussaedom || δā torēdom || δā caxidom
| 3SG.M || δā tussaedom || δā torēdom || δā cacsidom
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || δā tussaedosi || δā torēdosi || δā caxidosi
| 3SG.F || δā tussaedosi || δā torēdosi || δā cacsidosi
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || δā tussaedo || δā torēdo || δā caxido
| 3SG.N || δā tussaedo || δā torēdo || δā cacsido
|-
|-
| 1EX || δā tussaedomē || δā torēdomē || δā caxidomē
| 1EX || δā tussaedomē || δā torēdomē || δā cacsidomē
|-
|-
| 1IN || δā tussaedont || δā torēdont || δā caxidont
| 1IN || δā tussaedont || δā torēdont || δā cacsidont
|-
|-
| 2PL || δā tussaedosce || δā torēdosce || δā caxidosce
| 2PL || δā tussaedosce || δā torēdosce || δā cacsidosce
|-
|-
| 3PL || δā tussaedot || δā torēdot || δā caxidot
| 3PL || δā tussaedot || δā torēdot || δā cacsidot
|}
|}


Line 566: Line 566:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 2SG || tussās! || torēs! || aellīs! || caxys!
| 2SG || tussās! || torēs! || aellīs! || cacsys!
|-
|-
| 1IN || tussantēs! || torentēs! || aellintēs! || caxyntēs!
| 1IN || tussantēs! || torentēs! || aellintēs! || cacsyntēs!
|-
|-
| 2PL || tussascēs! || torescēs! || aelliscēs! || caxyscēs!
| 2PL || tussascēs! || torescēs! || aelliscēs! || cacsyscēs!
|}
|}
Dependent forms:
Dependent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 2SG || δā tussā! || δā torē! || δā aellī! || δā caxy!
| 2SG || δā tussā! || δā torē! || δā aellī! || δā cacsy!
|-
|-
| 1IN || δā tussantē! || δā torentē! || δā aellintē! || δā caxyntē!
| 1IN || δā tussantē! || δā torentē! || δā aellintē! || δā cacsyntē!
|-
|-
| 2PL || δā tussascē! || δā torescē! || δā aelliscē! || δā caxyscē!
| 2PL || δā tussascē! || δā torescē! || δā aelliscē! || δā cacsyscē!
|}
|}


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