Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions

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Finally, Chlouvānem has a large number of '''attributive''' and '''adverbial participles''', with forms for most voices and tenses and a distinction into '''modal adverbs''', '''homofocal gerundives''' and '''heterofocal gerundives'''.

====Verb classes====

====Verb classes and infinitive====

Verbs, in Chlouvānem, are conjugated depending on ''verb classes'' or ''conjugations''. There are five main patterns:

* '''a-root''', or '''thematic''': the most basic and regular, formed by adding '''a''' to the root before non-vocalic endings.

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There are, in addition to these, a few particular verb types with either some kind of suffix added to the root in some forms, or irregular ablaut, or totally irregular (usually suppletive). The majority of verbs, anyway, is either ''thematic'' or ''thematic ablauting'', and the majority of roots end in one or two consonants.

The '''infinitive''' or ''ke-form'' is a non-finite form used in certain construction (like with certain verbs (e.g. ''daudike'' (to want)) or particles). It is also the citation form, and it is simple to recognize and form:

* The infinitive is always based on the root, thus with either a basic-grade vowel for ablauting verbs or an unreduced sequence for inverse-ablauting ones.

* Verbs in the ''thematic'' or ''ablauting root'' classes add '''-ake'''; ''nā/nī verbs'' add '''-nāke''';

* All other verbs just add '''-ke'''. There are a few cases where this is not always how it surfaces:

** verbs ending in a palatalized consonant have an epenthetic ''-i-'' (e.g. ''męlь-ke'' → ''męlike'' (to give));

** verbs whose roots end in any single or postnasal unvoiced dental, retroflex, or palatal stop or affricate, assimilate the ''-k-'' of the suffix (e.g. ''kit-ke'' → ''kitte'' (to put, place));

** verbs whose roots end in any single or postnasal voiced, non-velar stop, assimilate the voicing of the suffix ''-k-'' (e.g. ''dįb-ke'' → ''dįbge'' (to kick));

** verbs whose roots end in single ''-g'' or ''-gh'' assimilate the ''-k-'', with the regular saṃdhi change from double voiced stop to nasal + voiced stop (e.g. ''dig-ke'' → ''dilge'' (to pour));

** verbs whose roots end in any other consonant cluster only add ''-e'' (e.g. ''pugl-ke'' → ''pugle'' (to sleep)).

====Present indicative====

@@ Line 304: / Line 304: @@
 Finally, Chlouvānem has a large number of '''attributive''' and '''adverbial participles''', with forms for most voices and tenses and a distinction into '''modal adverbs''', '''homofocal gerundives''' and '''heterofocal gerundives'''.
-====Verb classes====
+====Verb classes and infinitive====
 Verbs, in Chlouvānem, are conjugated depending on ''verb classes'' or ''conjugations''. There are five main patterns:
 * '''a-root''', or '''thematic''': the most basic and regular, formed by adding '''a''' to the root before non-vocalic endings.
@@ Line 316: / Line 316: @@
 There are, in addition to these, a few particular verb types with either some kind of suffix added to the root in some forms, or irregular ablaut, or totally irregular (usually suppletive). The majority of verbs, anyway, is either ''thematic'' or ''thematic ablauting'', and the majority of roots end in one or two consonants.
+The '''infinitive''' or ''ke-form'' is a non-finite form used in certain construction (like with certain verbs (e.g. ''daudike'' (to want)) or particles). It is also the citation form, and it is simple to recognize and form:
+* The infinitive is always based on the root, thus with either a basic-grade vowel for ablauting verbs or an unreduced sequence for inverse-ablauting ones.
+* Verbs in the ''thematic'' or ''ablauting root'' classes add '''-ake'''; ''nā/nī verbs'' add '''-nāke''';
+* All other verbs just add '''-ke'''. There are a few cases where this is not always how it surfaces:
+** verbs ending in a palatalized consonant have an epenthetic ''-i-'' (e.g. ''męlь-ke'' → ''męlike'' (to give));
+** verbs whose roots end in any single or postnasal unvoiced dental, retroflex, or palatal stop or affricate, assimilate the ''-k-'' of the suffix (e.g. ''kit-ke'' → ''kitte'' (to put, place));
+** verbs whose roots end in any single or postnasal voiced, non-velar stop, assimilate the voicing of the suffix ''-k-'' (e.g. ''dįb-ke'' → ''dįbge'' (to kick));
+** verbs whose roots end in single ''-g'' or ''-gh'' assimilate the ''-k-'', with the regular saṃdhi change from double voiced stop to nasal + voiced stop (e.g. ''dig-ke'' → ''dilge'' (to pour));
+** verbs whose roots end in any other consonant cluster only add ''-e'' (e.g. ''pugl-ke'' → ''pugle'' (to sleep)).
 ====Present indicative====