Minhast: Difference between revisions
| Line 392: | Line 392: | ||
|} | |} | ||
Additionally, there are seven basic Oblique case clitics to non-core NP arguments, plus a few others that are rare or have fallen out of use, such as the Inessive =''kīr/=kir''. Most of the Oblique clitics have two forms, one form with a short medial vowel, and the other with a long medial vowel. Use of both forms are acceptable, but native speakers tend to use the clitics with short vowels when the clitic is preceded by a long vowel, while the converse is true for the clitics forms with long vowels. | Additionally, there are seven basic Oblique case clitics to non-core NP arguments, plus a few others that are dialectal, rare or have fallen out of use, such as the Inessive =''kīr/=kir''. Most of the Oblique clitics have two forms, one form with a short medial vowel, and the other with a long medial vowel. Use of both forms are acceptable, but native speakers tend to use the clitics with short vowels when the clitic is preceded by a long vowel, while the converse is true for the clitics forms with long vowels. Highly uncommon postpositions, such as the aforementioned Inessive =''kīr/=kir'' are enclosed in parentheses. | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
| Line 401: | Line 401: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| =(a)ran | | =āran, =(a)ran | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Benefactive | ! Benefactive | ||
| Line 411: | Line 411: | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| =kī, =ki | | =kī, =ki | ||
|- | |||
! Innessive | |||
| (=kīr, =kir) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| Line 422: | Line 425: | ||
|} | |} | ||
'''4) Tense-Aspect Marking''' | '''4) Tense-Aspect Marking''' | ||
Interestingly, nouns can receive the same TA marking of verbs. Minhast lacks a copula; instead, two separate NPs are simply juxtaposed, e.g. ''Ruggāyam kaslubekte'' ("Ruggāyam is my dog"). However, if the statement refers to a past or future event, simple juxtaposition cannot convey tense information. Therefore, the NP may be marked with any TA marker, in lieu of a copular verb, as in ''Ruggāyam kaslubekt-ar'' ("Ruggāyam was my dog"). The TA marker could just have easily been added to the first NP as opposed to the second, ''Ruggāyam-ar kaslubekt''; or even both NPs could be marked, ''Ruggāyam-ar kaslubekt-ar''. | Interestingly, nouns can receive the same TA marking of verbs. Minhast lacks a copula; instead, two separate NPs are simply juxtaposed, e.g. ''Ruggāyam kaslubekte'' ("Ruggāyam is my dog"). However, if the statement refers to a past or future event, simple juxtaposition cannot convey tense information. Therefore, the NP may be marked with any TA marker, in lieu of a copular verb, as in ''Ruggāyam kaslubekt-ar'' ("Ruggāyam was my dog"). The TA marker could just have easily been added to the first NP as opposed to the second, ''Ruggāyam-ar kaslubekt''; or even both NPs could be marked, ''Ruggāyam-ar kaslubekt-ar''. | ||