Valthungian: Difference between revisions
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|colspan=8| <small>For those nouns ending in a syllabic sonorant in Gothic (‹r›, ‹l›, ‹m›, or ‹n› after another consonant), a vowel must be added to certain endings (indicated in red). Consquently, the metathesis observed in the default form is undone. (Or, more accurately, is blocked from occurring in the first place.) </small> | |colspan=8| <small>For those nouns ending in a syllabic sonorant in Gothic (‹r›, ‹l›, ‹m›, or ‹n› after another consonant), a vowel must be added to certain endings (indicated in red). Consquently, the metathesis observed in the default form is undone. (Or, more accurately, is blocked from occurring in the first place.) </small> | ||
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IIIa: | |colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IIIa: “n.st.m.ba” – Voicing/Spirantization Merging''' | ||
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|align="center"| hlai'''baz''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bis''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bai''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bą''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bōz''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bǫ̂''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bamaz''' ||align="center"| hlai'''banz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''bread''’ | |align="center"| hlai'''baz''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bis''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bai''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bą''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bōz''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bǫ̂''' ||align="center"| hlai'''bamaz''' ||align="center"| hlai'''banz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''bread''’ | ||
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|colspan=8| <small>For roots ending in ‹b›, it is devoiced to ‹f› in the nominative and accusative singular (at a time before Gothic), indicated in red. ‹b› is spirantized (that is, becomes ‹v›) in the rest of the endings, indicated in blue. (This was the case in Gothic as well, though the spirantization was not indicated in writing.) In the case of those roots ending in ‹f›, the ‹f› is voiced to ‹v› in the same environment that ‹b› is spirantized, so as far as Gutish is concerned, these two paradigms are identical.</small> | |colspan=8| <small>For roots ending in ‹b›, it is devoiced to ‹f› in the nominative and accusative singular (at a time before Gothic), indicated in red. ‹b› is spirantized (that is, becomes ‹v›) in the rest of the endings, indicated in blue. (This was the case in Gothic as well, though the spirantization was not indicated in writing.) In the case of those roots ending in ‹f›, the ‹f› is voiced to ‹v› in the same environment that ‹b› is spirantized, so as far as Gutish is concerned, these two paradigms are identical.</small> | ||
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IIIb: | |colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IIIb: “n.st.m.da” - Voicing/Spirantization Merging''' | ||
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|align="center"| au'''daz''' ||align="center"| au'''dis''' ||align="center"| au'''dai''' ||align="center"| au'''dą''' ||align="center"| au'''dōz''' ||align="center"| au'''dǫ̂''' ||align="center"| au'''damaz''' ||align="center"| au'''danz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''fortune''’ | |align="center"| au'''daz''' ||align="center"| au'''dis''' ||align="center"| au'''dai''' ||align="center"| au'''dą''' ||align="center"| au'''dōz''' ||align="center"| au'''dǫ̂''' ||align="center"| au'''damaz''' ||align="center"| au'''danz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''fortune''’ | ||
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|colspan=8| <small>Same idea as above. For roots ending in ‹d›, it is devoiced to ‹þ› in the nominative and accusative singular (at a time before Gothic), indicated in red. ‹d› is spirantized (that is, becomes ‹ð›) in the rest of the endings, indicated in blue. (This was the case in Gothic as well, though the spirantization was not indicated in writing.) In the case of those roots ending in ‹þ›, the ‹þ› is voiced to ‹ð› in the same environment that ‹d› is spirantized, so as far as Gutish is concerned, these two paradigms are identical.</small> | |colspan=8| <small>Same idea as above. For roots ending in ‹d›, it is devoiced to ‹þ› in the nominative and accusative singular (at a time before Gothic), indicated in red. ‹d› is spirantized (that is, becomes ‹ð›) in the rest of the endings, indicated in blue. (This was the case in Gothic as well, though the spirantization was not indicated in writing.) In the case of those roots ending in ‹þ›, the ‹þ› is voiced to ‹ð› in the same environment that ‹d› is spirantized, so as far as Gutish is concerned, these two paradigms are identical.</small> | ||
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IIIc: | |colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IIIc: “n.st.m.za” - Voicing/Spirantization Merging''' | ||
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|align="center"| gai'''zaz''' ||align="center"| gai'''zis''' ||align="center"| gai'''zai''' ||align="center"| gai'''zą''' ||align="center"| gai'''zōz''' ||align="center"| gai'''zǫ̂''' ||align="center"| gai'''zamaz''' ||align="center"| gai'''zanz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''spear''’ | |align="center"| gai'''zaz''' ||align="center"| gai'''zis''' ||align="center"| gai'''zai''' ||align="center"| gai'''zą''' ||align="center"| gai'''zōz''' ||align="center"| gai'''zǫ̂''' ||align="center"| gai'''zamaz''' ||align="center"| gai'''zanz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''spear''’ | ||
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|colspan=8| <small>Same idea as above, with an extra twist. For roots ending in ‹ž›, it is devoiced to ‹s› in the nominative and accusative singular (at a time before Gothic), indicated in red. ‹ž› remains in the rest of the endings, indicated in blue. In addition to the devoicing in the nominative and accusative, the nominative ending ‹s› is deleted or assimilated.</small> | |colspan=8| <small>Same idea as above, with an extra twist. For roots ending in ‹ž›, it is devoiced to ‹s› in the nominative and accusative singular (at a time before Gothic), indicated in red. ‹ž› remains in the rest of the endings, indicated in blue. In addition to the devoicing in the nominative and accusative, the nominative ending ‹s› is deleted or assimilated.</small> | ||
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IVa: | |colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IVa: “n.st.m.rba” - Post-Approximant Spirantization''' | ||
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|align="center"| hwer'''baz''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bis''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bai''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bą''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bōz''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bǫ̂''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bamaz''' ||align="center"| hwer'''banz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''planet''’ | |align="center"| hwer'''baz''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bis''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bai''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bą''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bōz''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bǫ̂''' ||align="center"| hwer'''bamaz''' ||align="center"| hwer'''banz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''planet''’ | ||
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|colspan=8| <small>Like the above, this deals with nouns ending in ‹b›, which spirantizes to ‹v› in most declensions, but it is prevented from devoicing to ‹f› in the nominative and accusative by a consonant before it. This is a rule inhereited from Gothic. Metathesis in the dative and accusative plural is also blocked. This occurs for stems ending in ‹rb›, ‹rd›, ‹lb›, and ‹ld›.</small> | |colspan=8| <small>Like the above, this deals with nouns ending in ‹b›, which spirantizes to ‹v› in most declensions, but it is prevented from devoicing to ‹f› in the nominative and accusative by a consonant before it. This is a rule inhereited from Gothic. Metathesis in the dative and accusative plural is also blocked. This occurs for stems ending in ‹rb›, ‹rd›, ‹lb›, and ‹ld›.</small> | ||
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IVb: | |colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IVb: “n.st.m.rda” - Post-Approximant Spirantization''' | ||
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|align="center"| bar'''daz''' ||align="center"| bar'''dis''' ||align="center"| bar'''dai''' ||align="center"| bar'''dą''' ||align="center"| bar'''dōz''' ||align="center"| bar'''dǫ̂''' ||align="center"| bar'''damaz''' ||align="center"| bar'''danz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''beard''’ | |align="center"| bar'''daz''' ||align="center"| bar'''dis''' ||align="center"| bar'''dai''' ||align="center"| bar'''dą''' ||align="center"| bar'''dōz''' ||align="center"| bar'''dǫ̂''' ||align="center"| bar'''damaz''' ||align="center"| bar'''danz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''beard''’ | ||
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|colspan=8| <small>This is the same idea as the “rda” declension above, with the additional twist that Gothic ‹ds›, when word-final, palatalizes and becomes ‹ǧ›. There is also spirantization in the other declensions except for the accusative singular, which retains the original ‹d›, and metathesis is blocked in the dative and accusative plural.</small> | |colspan=8| <small>This is the same idea as the “rda” declension above, with the additional twist that Gothic ‹ds›, when word-final, palatalizes and becomes ‹ǧ›. There is also spirantization in the other declensions except for the accusative singular, which retains the original ‹d›, and metathesis is blocked in the dative and accusative plural.</small> | ||
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IVc: | |colspan=9 width=900|'''Type IVc: “n.st.m.rza” - Post-Approximant Spirantization''' | ||
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|align="center"| am'''zaz''' ||align="center"| am'''zis''' ||align="center"| am'''zai''' ||align="center"| am'''zą''' ||align="center"| am'''zōz''' ||align="center"| am'''zǫ̂''' ||align="center"| am'''zamaz''' ||align="center"| am'''zanz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''shoulder''’ | |align="center"| am'''zaz''' ||align="center"| am'''zis''' ||align="center"| am'''zai''' ||align="center"| am'''zą''' ||align="center"| am'''zōz''' ||align="center"| am'''zǫ̂''' ||align="center"| am'''zamaz''' ||align="center"| am'''zanz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''shoulder''’ | ||
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|colspan=8| <small>This paradigm differs from the version above in that a consonant occurring before a voiced fricative (‹ž›) has the affect of blocking metathesis in the dative and accusative plural (in red).</small> | |colspan=8| <small>This paradigm differs from the version above in that a consonant occurring before a voiced fricative (‹ž›) has the affect of blocking metathesis in the dative and accusative plural (in red).</small> | ||
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type Va: Post-Approximant Inter-Sonorant Voicing | |colspan=9 width=900|'''Type Va: “n.st.m.rfa” - Post-Approximant Inter-Sonorant Voicing''' | ||
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|align="center"| wul'''faz''' ||align="center"| wul'''fis''' ||align="center"| wul'''fai''' ||align="center"| wul'''fą''' ||align="center"| wul'''fōz''' ||align="center"| wul'''fǫ̂''' ||align="center"| wul'''famaz''' ||align="center"| wul'''fanz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''wolf''’ | |align="center"| wul'''faz''' ||align="center"| wul'''fis''' ||align="center"| wul'''fai''' ||align="center"| wul'''fą''' ||align="center"| wul'''fōz''' ||align="center"| wul'''fǫ̂''' ||align="center"| wul'''famaz''' ||align="center"| wul'''fanz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''wolf''’ | ||
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|colspan=8| <small>Scary name, but it’s really just the same as the above, but for nouns ending in ‹f›.</small> | |colspan=8| <small>Scary name, but it’s really just the same as the above, but for nouns ending in ‹f›.</small> | ||
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|colspan=9 width=900|'''Type Vb: Post-Approximant Inter-Sonorant Voicing | |colspan=9 width=900|'''Type Vb: “n.st.m.rþa” - Post-Approximant Inter-Sonorant Voicing''' | ||
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|align="center"| da'''gaz''' ||align="center"| da'''gis''' ||align="center"| da'''gai''' ||align="center"| da'''gą''' ||align="center"| da'''gōz''' ||align="center"| da'''gǫ̂''' ||align="center"| da'''gamaz''' ||align="center"| da'''ganz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''day''’ | |align="center"| da'''gaz''' ||align="center"| da'''gis''' ||align="center"| da'''gai''' ||align="center"| da'''gą''' ||align="center"| da'''gōz''' ||align="center"| da'''gǫ̂''' ||align="center"| da'''gamaz''' ||align="center"| da'''ganz''' ||rowspan=4 valign="top"| ‘''day''’ | ||
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|align="center"| da'''gs''' ||align="center"| da'''gis''' ||align="center"| da'''ga''' ||align="center"| da'''g''' ||align="center"| da'''gōs''' ||align="center"| da'''gē''' ||align="center"| da'''gam''' ||align="center"| da'''gans''' | |align="center"| da'''gs''' ||align="center"| da'''gis''' ||align="center"| da'''ga''' ||align="center"| da'''g''' ||align="center"| da'''gōs''' ||align="center"| da'''gē''' ||align="center"| da'''gam''' ||align="center"| da'''gans''' | ||
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