Rinap: Difference between revisions

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 | (those distant)
 |}
 ==Nouns==
-==Adjectives==
+==Verbs==
+In Rinap, all verbs conjugate according to person, number, tense, mood and voice. Various affixes can be added and vowels change mostly according to this pattern: y → u → i → (e ↔ o) ← a ← ö. Whether 'e' or 'o' is used depends on the vowel combination: 'pei'→'peo' for 'to see'→'sees' and 'doi'→'doe' for 'to hear'→'hears'. If infinitive ends with a consonant, the last vowel is repeated for conjugated forms and then changed ('brel' as an example in the table below).
+Verbs have two participle forms, present active and past, former formed with suffix 'infinitive-(i)ba' and latter with circumfix 'na(n)-infinitive-t'. The present participle can be used as an attributive verb with nouns: 'wy mub breliba' 'a running man'. When forming the past participle, three-syllable words are favoured so last vowels are sometimes omitted: for example 'benupe' → 'nabenu(p)t' ('travel' → 'travelled').
+First conjugated forms of verb 'brel' meaning 'to run' and irregular 'ney' 'to be':
+{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
+! style="width: 75px; "|
+! style="width: 75px; " | 1st singular
+! style="width: 75px; " | 2nd singular
+! style="width: 75px; " | 3rd singular
+! style="width: 75px; " | 1st plural
+! style="width: 75px; " | 2nd plural
+! style="width: 75px; " | 3rd plural
+|-
+! style="" | Present
+| brelem
+| breleh
+| brelo
+| brelemho
+| breleho
+| brelomho
+|-
+! style="" | Imperfect
+| brelom
+| breleni
+| breloni
+| brelemhi
+| brelehi
+| brelomhi
+|-
+! style="" | Present
+| neym
+| neyh
+| nei/ney/neo
+| neymho
+| neyho
+| neuho
+|-
+! style="" | Imperfect
+| mein<math>^1</math>
+| neyni
+| neini
+| neymhi
+| neyhi
+| neuhi
+|-}
+===Other tenses===
+To create the two past tenses, perfect and pluperfect, past participle form is used together with conjugated auxiliary verb 'ney' listed above: 'Neym kni gekhu päri nakholt.' 'I have built my house.' in which 'nakholt' is from 'khuol' meaning 'to build'.
+Future form can be constructed by adding '-ra' to the 3rd sg. form of a verb and then again conjugating: 'dhyzo' → 'dhyzeram', 'to write' → 'I will write'.
+===Moods===
+Interrogative form is used in the beginning of questions and has always a 'zo'-prefix: 'Zoneyh rope urt?' 'Are you happy now?'
+Conditional mood is formed similarly to future so that '-se' is added to the 3rd sg. and then regularly conjugated: 'baxta ji leu' → 'Baxtosemho sej leisemho bax.' in English 'to pay and to have' → 'We would pay if we had money.' Conditional form is used in the dependet clause as well.
+It is possible to use the infinitive form as an imperative, but the best way is to add postfix '-xu' after the original conjugated verb: 'Ney(h)xu kweo!' or 'Ney kweo!!' meaning 'Be there!' The bare infinitive imperative is more powerful and used in sudden situations such as 'Rix!' 'Watch out!' (instead of 'rixihxu'). It is even possible to command oneself: 'Dhemumxu!' translating to self-suggestive 'Think!'
+===Passive Voice===
+When there is no active agent, but rather a patient to which something is done by someone unknown, passive voice is used. The circumfix construction: a(x)-3rd sg.-(time/mood)-my (the core verb can be conjugated). Examples 'xau' → 'Axainimy dok.' where 'to do' → 'It was done.' and 'neini nathonyt' → 'Aneinimy thoek nathonyt.' is 'had protected' → 'They had been protected.' and 'beheok' → 'Abeheokeseramy pewek.' a rare combination from 'to sacrifice' → 'You would be sacrificed in the future.' There is no way or need of marking the agent of passive (as in English the by-structure) so active voice is used: 'Xaini Hiwau dok.' meaning 'Hiwau did it' ('It was done by Hiwau')
+===Auxiliary Verbs===
+The infinitive of a main verb is used together with auxiliary verbs. Helping word 'öx' is used for negation: ''''Öxöm ney''' kweo' 'I '''am not''' there.' Modal helping verbs such as 'lio' ('can') and 'xun' ('must') are also in use: 'Zoxunum bea po kweo?' 'Do I have to go there?'
-==Verbs==
+==Adjectives==