Phonological history of Carnian: Difference between revisions
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== Old Carnian Period == | == Old Carnian Period == | ||
The Old Carnian period witnessed fundamental phonological restructuring that established the foundation of the modern language. External influences together with internal innovations produced the characteristic features that distinguish contemporary Carnian. | The Old Carnian period witnessed fundamental phonological restructuring that established the foundation of the modern language. External influences together with internal innovations produced the characteristic features that distinguish contemporary Carnian. | ||
The early stage of Old Carnian had the following vowels: | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
|+ '''Vowel phonemes of the early Old Carnian''' | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"| | |||
!colspan="3"|[[w:Front vowel|Front]] | |||
!colspan="2"|[[w:Central vowel|Central]] | |||
!colspan="3"|[[w:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- | |||
!<small>short</small> | |||
!<small>long</small> | |||
!<small>nasal</small> | |||
!<small>short</small> | |||
!<small>long</small> | |||
!<small>short</small> | |||
!<small>long</small> | |||
!<small>nasal</small> | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Close vowel|Close]] | |||
|[[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] | |||
|[[w:Close front unrounded vowel|iː]] | |||
| | |||
|[[w:Close-mid central unrounded vowel|ɘ]] | |||
|[[w:Close-mid central unrounded vowel|ɘː]] | |||
|[[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] | |||
|[[w:Close back rounded vowel|uː]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | |||
|[[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|rowspan="2"|[[w:Mid central vowel|ə]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] | |||
|[[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] | |||
|[[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛː]] | |||
|[[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ̃]] | |||
| | |||
|rowspan="2"|[[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]] | |||
|rowspan="2"|[[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔː]] | |||
|rowspan="2"|[[w:Open-mid back unrounded vowel|ʌ̃]] | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Open vowel|Open]] | |||
|[[w:Near-open front unrounded vowel|æ]] | |||
|[[w:Near-open front unrounded vowel|æː]] | |||
| | |||
|[[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]] | |||
|[[w:Open central unrounded vowel|aː]] | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Diphthong|Diphthong]] | |||
|colspan="8"|ɪi̯ | |||
|} | |||
The language also had the following consonants: | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
|+ Consonant phonemes of the early Old Carnian | |||
! colspan=2| | |||
! [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] | |||
! [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]] / <br />[[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] | |||
! [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]] | |||
! [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] | |||
! [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]] | |||
|- | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2| [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals|n]] | |||
| | |||
| [[w:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals|nʲ]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan=2| [[w:Stop consonant|Plosive]] | |||
! {{small|[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}} | |||
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless dental plosive|t]] | |||
| | |||
| [[w:Voiceless dental plosive|tʲ]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless velar plosive|k]] | |||
|- | |||
! {{small|[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}} | |||
| [[w:Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced dental plosive|d]] | |||
| | |||
| [[w:Voiced dental plosive|dʲ]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced velar plosive|ɡ]] | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan=2| [[w:Affricate|Affricate]] | |||
! {{small|[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}} | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! {{small|[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}} | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|dʒ]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan=2| [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | |||
! {{small|[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}} | |||
| | |||
| [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] | |||
| | |||
| [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] | |||
|- | |||
! {{small|[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}} | |||
| | |||
| [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2| [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced labiodental approximant|ʋ]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants|l]] | |||
| | |||
| [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]], [[w:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants|lʲ]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2| [[w: Tap and flap consonants|Flap]] | |||
| | |||
| [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]] | |||
| | |||
| [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps|ɾʲ]] | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
=== Accent System Restructuring === | === Accent System Restructuring === | ||