Caine orthography: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Citizen-Kane-Welles-Breakfast (cropped).jpg|thumb|200px|Charlie F. Caine, the creator of the Caine orthography, pictured in 1961. Definitely no relation to [[w:Charles Foster Kane|Charles Foster Kane]]. No siree.]]

The '''Caine orthography''' ([[Bemé]]: ''Keyn romanisesh'') is a phonemic orthography for writing [[Bemé]] originally developed by '''Charlie F. Caine''', the US ambassador to the [[Poccasin Federation]] from 1961 to 1964, originally described in the . It is desginated as the official orthography for Bemé in the Poccasin Federation, and is also widely used in other Bemé-speaking regions, such as in [[Columbé|Saint Columban]]. It is based on the [[w:Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet]] and in its official form uses no [[w:Diacritic|diacritics]].

The '''Caine orthography''' ([[Bemé]]: ''Keyn romanisesh'') is a phonemic orthography for writing [[Bemé]] originally developed by '''Charlie F. Caine''', the US ambassador to the [[Poccasin Federation]] from 1961 to 1964, originally described in the document ''Standard Romanisation of Poccasin Creole'' (1962). It is desginated as the official orthography for Bemé in the Poccasin Federation, and is also widely used in other Bemé-speaking regions, such as in [[Columbé|Saint Columban]]. It is based on the [[w:Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet]] and in its official form uses no [[w:Diacritic|diacritics]].

==Background==

Line 18:

===Charlie F. Caine===

'''Charles Faulkner Caine''' was born on May 6, 1921

'''Charles Faulkner Caine''' was born on May 6, 1921 in [[w:St. Louis|St. Louis]], [[w:Missouri|Missouri]]. Caine was of English and Irish descent, and grew up Catholic, attending [[w:St. Louis University High School|St. Louis University High School]]. Though he enrolled at [[w:Saint Louis University|Saint Louis University]] in 1939, by 1942 the outbreak of the [[w:World War II|Second World War]] led to a 21-year-old Caine to pause his studies to enlist, where he worked in US Army intelligence until the end of the war in 1945. He returned to university in 1946 to continue his studies under the G.I. bill and graduated in 1947.

==Orthography==

{|

|-

| valign="top" |

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

! colspan=4 | Consonants

|-

! Bemé orthography !! IPA !! Examples !! English approximation

|-

| b || [[w:Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] || [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé|'''b'''emeh]] || '''b'''ow

|-

| ch || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || [[Contionary:chena#Bemé|'''ch'''ena]] || '''Ch'''ina

|-

| d || [[w:Voiced alveolar plosive|d]] || [[Contionary:dan#Bemé|'''d'''an]] || '''d'''one

|-

| g || [[w:Voiced velar plosive|g]] || [[Contionary:gud#Bemé|'''g'''ud]] || '''g'''ood

|-

| gr || gɹ~dʒɹ || [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé|'''gr'''inyeh]] || '''gr'''ill or '''dr'''ink

|-

| rowspan=2 | h || [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || (initial) [[Contionary:hampo#Bemé|'''h'''ampo]] || '''h'''am

|-

| [[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]] || (medial) ji'''h'''ad || uh'''-'''oh

|-

| j || [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|dʒ]] || [[Contionary:jamis#Bemé|'''j'''amis]] || '''j'''eans

|-

| k || [[w:Voiceless velar plosive|k]] || [[Contionary:kaneh|'''k'''aneh]] || '''k'''ing

|-

| kr || tɹ̥~kɹ̥~tʃɹ̥ || [[Contionary:kriyal|'''kr'''iyal]] || '''kr'''ill or '''tr'''ee

|-

| l || [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé|ko'''l'''o]] || '''l'''id

|-

| m || [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || [[Contionary:ameh#Bemé|a'''m'''eh]] || '''m'''other

|-

| n || [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé|dampi'''n'''i]] || '''n'''ice

|-

| ng || [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]] || [[Contionary:kring#Bemé|kri'''ng''']] || swimmi'''ng'''

|-

| ny || [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]] || [[Contionary:snyek|s'''ny'''ek]] || ca'''ny'''on

|-

| p || [[w:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] || [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé|dam'''p'''ini]] || s'''p'''in

|-

| r || [[w:Voiced alveolar approximant|ɹ]] || [[Contionary:ridem|'''r'''idem]] || '''rh'''ythm

|-

| s || [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || [[Contionary:sebis|'''s'''ebi'''s''']] || '''s'''ervi'''c'''e

|-

| sh || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar sibilant|ʃ]] || [[Contionary:shik|'''sh'''ik]] || '''sh'''ine

|-

| t || [[w:Voiceless alveolar plosive|t]] || [[Contionary:titrink|'''t'''itrink]] || '''t'''ea

|-

| w || [[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant|w]] || [[Contionary:wan#Bemé|'''w'''an]] || '''w'''ant

|-

| y || [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] || [[Contionary:yu#Bemé|'''y'''u]] || '''y'''ou

|}

| valign="top" |

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

! colspan=4 | Vowels

|-

! Bemé orthography !! IPA !! Examples !! English approximation

|-

| a || [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]] || [[Contionary:jamis#Bemé|j'''a'''mis]] || tr'''a'''p

|-

| e || [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé|b'''e'''meh]] || m'''a'''y

|-

| eh || [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé|bem'''eh''']] || b'''e'''d

|-

| i || [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[Contionary:bi#Bemé|b'''i''']] || '''ea'''t

|-

| o || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] || [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé|k'''o'''l'''o''']] || y'''aw'''n

|-

| u || [[w:Near-close near-back rounded vowel|u]] || [[Contionary:yu#Bemé|y'''u''']] || h'''oo'''k

|}

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

! colspan=4 | Diphthongs

|-

! Bemé orthography !! IPA !! Examples !! English approximation

|-

| ey || ei̯ || [[Contionary:skey#Bemé|sk'''ey''']] || m'''ay'''

|-

| oi || oi̯ || [[Contionary:woiwoi|w'''oi'''w'''oi''']] || j'''oy'''

|-

| ow || ou̯ || [[Contionary:grown#Bemé|gr'''ow'''n]] || b'''ow'''

|}

The distinction between /kr tr tʃr/, as well as between /gr dʒr/, has been historically neutralised, leading to a varying pronunciation:

* ⟨kr⟩ may be heard as /tɹ̥ kɹ̥ tʃɹ̥/;

* In the most [[w:Basilect|basilectal]](''Kriyal'') varieties, the stop may be simply [[w:Aspirated consonant|strongly aspirated]], leaving /tʰː kʰː tʃʰː/;

* The realisation may be aspirated [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] /ʈʰ/, and similarly [[w:Voiceless retroflex affricate|affricated]] to /ʈʂ ʈʂʰ/.

The pronunciation of ⟨gr⟩ is less variable; there still exists a distinction between /gr~dʒr/ and /dr/, though /dr/ is extremely rare and only exists in certain words, such as '''''gr'''ag'' "stop (v.)" and '''''dr'''ag'' "drag queen".

[[Category:Bemé]]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 [[File:Citizen-Kane-Welles-Breakfast (cropped).jpg|thumb|200px|Charlie F. Caine, the creator of the Caine orthography, pictured in 1961. Definitely no relation to [[w:Charles Foster Kane|Charles Foster Kane]]. No siree.]]
-The '''Caine orthography''' ([[Bemé]]: ''Keyn romanisesh'') is a phonemic orthography for writing [[Bemé]] originally developed by '''Charlie F. Caine''', the US ambassador to the [[Poccasin Federation]] from 1961 to 1964, originally described in the . It is desginated as the official orthography for Bemé in the Poccasin Federation, and is also widely used in other Bemé-speaking regions, such as in [[Columbé|Saint Columban]]. It is based on the [[w:Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet]] and in its official form uses no [[w:Diacritic|diacritics]].
+The '''Caine orthography''' ([[Bemé]]: ''Keyn romanisesh'') is a phonemic orthography for writing [[Bemé]] originally developed by '''Charlie F. Caine''', the US ambassador to the [[Poccasin Federation]] from 1961 to 1964, originally described in the document ''Standard Romanisation of Poccasin Creole'' (1962). It is desginated as the official orthography for Bemé in the Poccasin Federation, and is also widely used in other Bemé-speaking regions, such as in [[Columbé|Saint Columban]]. It is based on the [[w:Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet]] and in its official form uses no [[w:Diacritic|diacritics]].
 ==Background==
@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 ===Charlie F. Caine===
-'''Charles Faulkner Caine''' was born on May 6, 1921
+'''Charles Faulkner Caine''' was born on May 6, 1921 in [[w:St. Louis|St. Louis]], [[w:Missouri|Missouri]]. Caine was of English and Irish descent, and grew up Catholic, attending [[w:St. Louis University High School|St. Louis University High School]]. Though he enrolled at [[w:Saint Louis University|Saint Louis University]] in 1939, by 1942 the outbreak of the [[w:World War II|Second World War]] led to a 21-year-old Caine to pause his studies to enlist, where he worked in US Army intelligence until the end of the war in 1945. He returned to university in 1946 to continue his studies under the G.I. bill and graduated in 1947.
+==Orthography==
+{|
+|-
+| valign="top" |
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
+! colspan=4 | Consonants
+|-
+! Bemé orthography !! IPA !! Examples !! English approximation
+|-
+| b || [[w:Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] || [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé|'''b'''emeh]] || '''b'''ow
+|-
+| ch || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || [[Contionary:chena#Bemé|'''ch'''ena]] || '''Ch'''ina
+|-
+| d || [[w:Voiced alveolar plosive|d]] || [[Contionary:dan#Bemé|'''d'''an]] || '''d'''one
+|-
+| g || [[w:Voiced velar plosive|g]] || [[Contionary:gud#Bemé|'''g'''ud]] || '''g'''ood
+|-
+| gr || gɹ~dʒɹ || [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé|'''gr'''inyeh]] || '''gr'''ill or '''dr'''ink
+|-
+| rowspan=2 | h || [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || (initial) [[Contionary:hampo#Bemé|'''h'''ampo]] || '''h'''am
+|-
+| [[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]] || (medial) ji'''h'''ad || uh'''-'''oh
+|-
+| j || [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|dʒ]] || [[Contionary:jamis#Bemé|'''j'''amis]] || '''j'''eans
+|-
+| k || [[w:Voiceless velar plosive|k]] || [[Contionary:kaneh|'''k'''aneh]] || '''k'''ing
+|-
+| kr || tɹ̥~kɹ̥~tʃɹ̥ || [[Contionary:kriyal|'''kr'''iyal]] || '''kr'''ill or '''tr'''ee
+|-
+| l || [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé|ko'''l'''o]] || '''l'''id
+|-
+| m || [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || [[Contionary:ameh#Bemé|a'''m'''eh]] || '''m'''other
+|-
+| n || [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé|dampi'''n'''i]] || '''n'''ice
+|-
+| ng || [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]] || [[Contionary:kring#Bemé|kri'''ng''']] || swimmi'''ng'''
+|-
+| ny || [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]] || [[Contionary:snyek|s'''ny'''ek]] || ca'''ny'''on
+|-
+| p || [[w:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] || [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé|dam'''p'''ini]] || s'''p'''in
+|-
+| r || [[w:Voiced alveolar approximant|ɹ]] || [[Contionary:ridem|'''r'''idem]] || '''rh'''ythm
+|-
+| s || [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] ||  [[Contionary:sebis|'''s'''ebi'''s''']] || '''s'''ervi'''c'''e
+|-
+| sh || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar sibilant|ʃ]] ||  [[Contionary:shik|'''sh'''ik]] || '''sh'''ine
+|-
+| t || [[w:Voiceless alveolar plosive|t]] || [[Contionary:titrink|'''t'''itrink]] || '''t'''ea
+|-
+| w || [[w:Voiced labial-velar approximant|w]] || [[Contionary:wan#Bemé|'''w'''an]] || '''w'''ant
+|-
+| y || [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] || [[Contionary:yu#Bemé|'''y'''u]] || '''y'''ou
+|}
+| valign="top" |
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
+! colspan=4 | Vowels
+|-
+! Bemé orthography !! IPA !! Examples !! English approximation
+|-
+| a || [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]] || [[Contionary:jamis#Bemé|j'''a'''mis]] || tr'''a'''p
+|-
+| e || [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé|b'''e'''meh]] || m'''a'''y
+|-
+| eh || [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] || [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé|bem'''eh''']] || b'''e'''d
+|-
+| i || [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[Contionary:bi#Bemé|b'''i''']] || '''ea'''t
+|-
+| o || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] || [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé|k'''o'''l'''o''']] || y'''aw'''n
+|-
+| u || [[w:Near-close near-back rounded vowel|u]] || [[Contionary:yu#Bemé|y'''u''']] || h'''oo'''k
+|}
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
+! colspan=4 | Diphthongs
+|-
+! Bemé orthography !! IPA !! Examples !! English approximation
+|-
+| ey || ei̯ || [[Contionary:skey#Bemé|sk'''ey''']] || m'''ay'''
+|-
+| oi || oi̯ || [[Contionary:woiwoi|w'''oi'''w'''oi''']] || j'''oy'''
+|-
+| ow || ou̯ || [[Contionary:grown#Bemé|gr'''ow'''n]] || b'''ow'''
+|}
+|}
+The distinction between /kr tr tʃr/, as well as between /gr dʒr/, has been historically neutralised, leading to a varying pronunciation:
+* ⟨kr⟩ may be heard as /tɹ̥ kɹ̥ tʃɹ̥/;
+* In the most [[w:Basilect|basilectal]](''Kriyal'') varieties, the stop may be simply [[w:Aspirated consonant|strongly aspirated]], leaving /tʰː kʰː tʃʰː/;
+* The realisation may be aspirated [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] /ʈʰ/, and similarly [[w:Voiceless retroflex affricate|affricated]] to /ʈʂ ʈʂʰ/.
+The pronunciation of ⟨gr⟩ is less variable; there still exists a distinction between /gr~dʒr/ and /dr/, though /dr/ is extremely rare and only exists in certain words, such as '''''gr'''ag'' "stop (v.)" and '''''dr'''ag'' "drag queen".
 [[Category:Bemé]]