Bresserian: Difference between revisions
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*[œ] is the realisation of /ø/ in closed and/or unstressed syllables | |||
*[ɔ] is the realisation of /o/ in closed and/or unstressed syllables. | |||
*/ə/ could be described as the unstressed allophone of [ɛ] | |||
==Writing System== | ==Writing System== | ||
Revision as of 14:30, 2 August 2025
| Bresserian | |
|---|---|
| broisseureis | |
| Pronunciation | [bʁwasøʁaj(z)] |
| Created by | SJ |
| Date | 2022 |
| Native to | France |
| Ethnicity | Bresser |
| Native speakers | 11000 (2020) |
Indo-European
| |
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
 Bresserian is classified as Definitely Endangered | |
 | This article is private. The author requests that you do not make changes to this project without approval. By all means, please help fix spelling, grammar and organisation problems, thank you. |
Bresserian (Broisseureis or Broisseurêche togne) is a Germanic language of the Indo-European family spoken by the Bresser people of Eastern Normandy.
Phonology
Bresserian phonology is largely similar to that of modern French, although retains certain archaic features.
Consonants
| Labial | Dental/ Alveolar |
Palatal/ Postalv. |
Velar/ Uvular | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | (ŋ) | |
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | tʃ~ʃ | (x) |
| voiced | v | z | dʒ~ʒ | ʁ | |
| Approximant | plain | l | j | ||
| labial | ɥ | w | |||
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- [œ] is the realisation of /ø/ in closed and/or unstressed syllables
- [ɔ] is the realisation of /o/ in closed and/or unstressed syllables.
- /ə/ could be described as the unstressed allophone of [ɛ]
Writing System
Despite its status as a minority language, Bresserian has maintained a strong written tradition throughout its history. Due to this, and likely the influence of other conservative scripts such as French and English, Bresserian spelling tends to preserve the obsolete pronunciations of an older form of the language. It should be noted, however, that Bresserian spelling is largely more consistent and less irregular than that of French or English.
Alphabet
The Bresserian alphabet is based on the 26 letters of the Latin alphabet, uppercase and lowercase, with five diacritics and two orthographic ligatures.
Letter Name Name (IPA) Notes A a /a/ B bé /be/ C cé /se/ is pronounced as soft [s] before i and e but hard [k] otherwise – occurs as [x] at the end of words D dé /de/ E e /ə/ often becomes silent word-finally F effe /ɛf/ G gé /(d)ʒe/ is pronounced as soft [(d)ʒ] before i, e and a, but [g] otherwise H ache /aʃ/ rare, only in loanwords I i /i/ J ji /(d)ʒi/ K ka /ka/ rare, only in loanwords L elle /ɛl/ M emme /ɛm/ N enne /ɛn/ O o /o/ P pé /pe/ silent at the end of words Q qu /ky/ often seen in the digraph qu, although still pronounced as [k] (not [kw] as might be expected) – occurs as [k] at the end of words unlike c R erre /ɛʁ/ unlike in French, is never silent S esse /ɛs/ is pronounced as [z] between two vowels or beside a voiced consonant T té /te/ silent at the end of words U u /y/ V vé /ve/ W tiévaut vé /tjɛvo ve/ rare, only in loanwords X ixe /iks/ Y croyeis i /kʁwajaiz‿i/ Z zède /zɛd/
Ligatures, Digraphs, Trigraphs and Diacritics
Alongside the core letters, Bresserian makes extensive use of letter combinations and ligatures. Diacritics are also widely used.
Letters Name Name (IPA) Notes Æ âche /ɑːʃ/ pronounced as [ɛ]  a mé reuf /a me ʁøf/ pronounced as [ɑː] Ai a mé i /a me i/ pronounced as [ɛ] Ain a mé i mé enne /a me i me ɛn/ pronounced as [ɛ̃(ː)] An a mé enne /a me ɛn/ pronounced as [ɑ̃(ː)] Au a mé o /a me o/ pronounced as [o~ɔ] Ç cé mé cédille /se me sedij/ pronounced as [s] Ch cé mé ache /se me aʃ/ pronounced as [(t)ʃ] É e mé acute /ə me akyt/ pronounced as [e] È e mé grave /ə me gʁav/ pronounced as [ɛ] Ê e mé reuf /ə me ʁøf/ pronounced as [ɛː] Ei e mé i /ə me i/ pronounced as [aj] Ein e mé i mé enne /ə me i me ɛn/ pronounced as [ɐ̃j] En e mé enne /ə me ɛn/ pronounced as [ɑ̃(ː)] Eu e mé u /ə me y/ pronounced as [ø~œ] Eau e mé a mé u /ə me a me y/ pronounced as [o] Gn gé mé enne /(d)ʒe me ɛn/ pronounced as [ɲ] Î i mé reuf /i me ʁøf/ pronounced as [iː] il(le) i mé elle /i me ɛl/ found in words such as bouil [buj], étaille [etaj], meil [mɛj]. May still be pronounced as [ʝ] for some speakers (e.g. [buʝ], [etaʝ], [mɛʝ]) In i mé enne /i me ɛn/ pronounced as [ɛ̃(ː)] Œ œil /œj/ pronounced the same as eu; generally found with u as œu Ô o mé reuf /o me ʁøf/ pronounced as [ɔː] Oi o mé i /o me i/ pronounced as [wa] or [wɛ] depending on speaker Oin o mé i mé enne /o me i me ɛn/ pronounced as [wɛ̃(ː)] On o mé enne /o me ɛn/ pronounced as [ɔ̃(ː)] Ou o mé u /o me y/ pronounced as [u] Oû o mé u mé reuf /o me y me ʁøf/ pronounced as [uː] Ph pé mé ache /pe me aʃ/ pronounced as [f]; only in loanwords Û u mé reuf /y me ʁøf/ pronounced as [yː] Ui u mé i /y me i/ pronounced as [ɥi] Un u mé enne /y me ɛn/ pronounced as [œ̃(ː)]