Erjie: Difference between revisions

Line 154:

! rowspan="2" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricatives]]

!voiceless

| [[w:Voiceless_labiodental_fricative|(f)]] {{angle bracket|f}}

| [[w:Voiceless_labiodental_fricative|''(f)'']] {{angle bracket|''f''}}

| [[w:Voiceless_alveolar_fricative|/s/]] {{angle bracket|s}}

| [[w:Voiceless_retroflex_fricative|/ʂ/]] {{angle bracket|sh}}

Line 162:

![[w:Voice_(phonetics)|voiced]]

|

| [[w:Voiced_alveolar_fricative|(z)]] {{angle bracket|z}}

| [[w:Voiced_alveolar_fricative|''(z)'']] {{angle bracket|''z''}}

|

| [[w:Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative|(ʑ)]] {{angle bracket|j}}

| [[w:Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative|''(ʑ)'']] {{angle bracket|''j''}}

| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced_velar_fricative|/ɣ/]] ~ [[w:Voiced_uvular_fricative|/ʁ/]] {{angle bracket|gh}}

|-

Line 188:

*/f/ is only found in Chinese borrowings, alternatively substituted with /pʰ/.

*/j/ and /w/ can have spirantized allophones [ʝ] and [β] typically in stressed, initial syllables.

=== Writing System ===

Erjie does not have on official script and mainly exists as a spoken language. However, young Erjie speakers have increasingly started to use a writing system based on Mandarin pinyin. It is primarily used among Erjie for writing their language on the internet and in digital environments.

=== Pinyin-based Latin Script ===

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Pinyin || [[help:IPA|IPA]] || Notes

|-

|| ''b'' || /p/ || Unaspirated ''p'', like in English spa.

|-

|| ''p'' || /pʰ/ || Strongly aspirated ''p'', like in English pay.

|-

|| ''m'' || /m/ || Like the ''m'' in English may.

|-

|| ''f'' || /f/ || Like the ''f'' in English fair.

|-

|| ''d'' || /t̪/ || Unaspirated dental ''t'', similar to English stop.

|-

|| ''t'' || /t̪ʰ/ || Strongly aspirated dental ''t'', similar to English take.

|-

|| ''n'' || /n/ || Like the ''n'' in English nay.

|-

|| ''l'' || /l̪/ || Dental ''l'', similar to English lay.

|-

|| ''g'' || /k/ || Unaspirated ''k'', like in English skill.

|-

|| ''k'' || /kʰ/ || Strongly aspirated ''k'', like in English kiss.

|-

|| ''gh'' || /q~ʁ~ɣ/ || No English equivalent. Occurs as [q] in onset and when voiceless but as [ɣ~ʁ] intervocalically.

|-

|| ''kh'' || /qʰ/ || No English equivalent. Often strongly spirantized to [qχ(ʰ)] and even [χ(ʰ)]

|-

|| ''h'' || /x~χ/ || Like the ''ch'' in Scottish English loch.

|-

|| ''j'' || /tɕ~(d)ʑ/ || Alveolo-palatal, unaspirated. No direct equivalent in English. Occurs as [tɕ] in onset and when voiceless but as [dʑ~ʑ] intervocalically.

|-

|| ''q'' || /tɕʰ/ || Alveolo-palatal, aspirated. No direct equivalent in English, but similar to the ''ch'' in English punchy.

|-

|| ''x'' || /ɕ/ || Alveolo-palatal, unaspirated. No direct equivalent in English, but similar to the ''sh'' in English push.

|-

|| ''zh'' || /ʈʂ/ || Retroflex, unaspirated. Similar to ''j'' in English jack.

|-

|| ''ch'' || /ʈʂʰ/ || Retroflex, aspirated. Similar to the ''ch'' in English church.

|-

|| ''sh'' || /ʂ/ || Retroflex, unaspirated. Similar to ''sh'' in shirt.

|-

|| ''r'' || /ɻ~ʐ/ || Retroflex. No direct equivalent in English, but somewhat similar to the ''r'' in English reduce.

|-

|| ''z'' || /ts~(d)z/ || Unaspirated. Like the ''zz'' in English pizza. Occurs as [ts] in onset and when voiceless but as [dz~z] intervocalically

|-

|| ''c'' || /tsʰ/ || Aspirated. Like the ''ts'' in English bats.

|-

|| ''s'' || /s/ || Like the ''s'' in English say.

|-

|| ''w'' || /w~β/ ||Like the ''w'' in English water. Occasionally pronounced [β], like a ''v'' but using both lips.

|-

|| ''y''|| /j~ʝ/ || Like the ''y'' in English yes.

|-

|''yu'' ||/ɥ/ ||Like the ''hu'' in French huit.

|-

|| ''a''|| /a~ɑ~æ/ || Like the ''a'' in English back.

|-

|| ''i''|| /i~ɪ~ɨ/ || Like the ''ee'' in English feed.

|-

|| ''u''|| /u~ʊ~ʉ/ || Like the ''oo'' in English good.

|-

|| ''o''|| /ɔ~ɵ/ || Like the ''o'' in English fog.

|-

|| ''e''|| /ə~ɛ/ || Varies between the ''o'' in English lemon and the ''e'' in bet.

|-

|| ''ai''|| /aj/ || Like the ''y'' in English fly.

|-

|| ''au''|| /aw/ || Similar to the ''ou'' in some dialects of English loud.

|-

|| ''ei''|| /ej/ || Like the ''ay'' in English may.

|-

|| ''ou''|| /ow/ || No exact English equivalent, but similar to the ''oa'' in coat.

|-

|| ''ie''|| /jɛ/ || No English equivalent. Like the ''ie'' in Spanish tiempo.

|-

|| ''uo''|| /wɔ/ || No English equivalent.

|}

[[Category:Erjie]]

[[Category:Languages]]

[[Category:Conlangs]]

@@ Line 154: / Line 154: @@
 ! rowspan="2" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricatives]]
 !<small>voiceless</small>
-| [[w:Voiceless_labiodental_fricative|(f)]] {{angle bracket|f}}
+| [[w:Voiceless_labiodental_fricative|''(f)'']] {{angle bracket|''f''}}
 | [[w:Voiceless_alveolar_fricative|/s/]] {{angle bracket|s}}
 | [[w:Voiceless_retroflex_fricative|/ʂ/]] {{angle bracket|sh}}
@@ Line 162: / Line 162: @@
 !<small>[[w:Voice_(phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
 |
-| [[w:Voiced_alveolar_fricative|(z)]] {{angle bracket|z}}
+| [[w:Voiced_alveolar_fricative|''(z)'']] {{angle bracket|''z''}}
 |
-| [[w:Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative|(ʑ)]] {{angle bracket|j}}
+| [[w:Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative|''(ʑ)'']] {{angle bracket|''j''}}
 | colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced_velar_fricative|/ɣ/]] ~ [[w:Voiced_uvular_fricative|/ʁ/]] {{angle bracket|gh}}
 |-
@@ Line 188: / Line 188: @@
 */f/ is only found in Chinese borrowings, alternatively substituted with /pʰ/.
 */j/ and /w/ can have spirantized allophones [ʝ] and [β] typically in stressed, initial syllables.
+=== Writing System ===
+Erjie does not have on official script and mainly exists as a spoken language. However, young Erjie speakers have increasingly started to use a writing system based on Mandarin pinyin. It is primarily used among Erjie for writing their language on the internet and in digital environments.
+=== Pinyin-based Latin Script ===
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Pinyin || [[help:IPA|IPA]] || Notes
+|-
+|| ''b'' || /p/ || Unaspirated ''p'', like in English s<u>p</u>a.
+|-
+|| ''p'' || /pʰ/ || Strongly aspirated ''p'', like in English <u>p</u>ay.
+|-
+|| ''m'' || /m/ || Like the ''m'' in English <u>m</u>ay.
+|-
+|| ''f'' || /f/ || Like the ''f'' in English <u>f</u>air.
+|-
+|| ''d'' || /t̪/ || Unaspirated dental ''t'', similar to English s<u>t</u>op.
+|-
+|| ''t'' || /t̪ʰ/ || Strongly aspirated dental ''t'', similar to English <u>t</u>ake.
+|-
+|| ''n'' || /n/ || Like the ''n'' in English <u>n</u>ay.
+|-
+|| ''l'' || /l̪/ || Dental ''l'', similar to English <u>l</u>ay.
+|-
+|| ''g'' || /k/ || Unaspirated ''k'', like in English s<u>k</u>ill.
+|-
+|| ''k'' || /kʰ/ || Strongly aspirated ''k'', like in English <u>k</u>iss.
+|-
+|| ''gh'' || /q~ʁ~ɣ/ || No English equivalent. Occurs as [q] in onset and when voiceless but as [ɣ~ʁ] intervocalically.
+|-
+|| ''kh'' || /qʰ/ || No English equivalent. Often strongly spirantized to [qχ(ʰ)] and even [χ(ʰ)]
+|-
+|| ''h'' || /x~χ/ || Like the ''ch'' in Scottish English lo<u>ch</u>.
+|-
+|| ''j'' || /tɕ~(d)ʑ/ || Alveolo-palatal, unaspirated. No direct equivalent in English. Occurs as [tɕ] in onset and when voiceless but as [dʑ~ʑ] intervocalically.
+|-
+|| ''q'' || /tɕʰ/ || Alveolo-palatal, aspirated. No direct equivalent in English, but similar to the ''ch'' in English pun<u>ch</u>y.
+|-
+|| ''x'' || /ɕ/ || Alveolo-palatal, unaspirated. No direct equivalent in English, but similar to the ''sh'' in English pu<u>sh</u>.
+|-
+|| ''zh'' || /ʈʂ/ || Retroflex, unaspirated. Similar to ''j'' in English <u>j</u>ack.
+|-
+|| ''ch'' || /ʈʂʰ/ || Retroflex, aspirated. Similar to the ''ch'' in English chur<u>ch</u>.
+|-
+|| ''sh'' || /ʂ/ || Retroflex, unaspirated. Similar to ''sh'' in <u>sh</u>irt.
+|-
+|| ''r'' || /ɻ~ʐ/ || Retroflex. No direct equivalent in English, but somewhat similar to the ''r'' in English <u>r</u>educe.
+|-
+|| ''z'' || /ts~(d)z/ || Unaspirated. Like the ''zz'' in English pi<u>zz</u>a. Occurs as [ts] in onset and when voiceless but as [dz~z] intervocalically
+|-
+|| ''c'' || /tsʰ/ || Aspirated. Like the ''ts'' in English ba<u>ts</u>.
+|-
+|| ''s'' || /s/ || Like the ''s'' in English <u>s</u>ay.
+|-
+|| ''w'' || /w~β/ ||Like the ''w'' in English <u>w</u>ater. Occasionally pronounced [β], like a ''v'' but using both lips.
+|-
+|| ''y''|| /j~ʝ/ || Like the ''y'' in English <u>y</u>es.
+|-
+|''yu'' ||/ɥ/ ||Like the ''hu'' in French <u>hu</u>it.
+|-
+|| ''a''|| /a~ɑ~æ/ || Like the ''a'' in English b<u>a</u>ck.
+|-
+|| ''i''|| /i~ɪ~ɨ/ || Like the ''ee'' in English f<u>ee</u>d.
+|-
+|| ''u''|| /u~ʊ~ʉ/ || Like the ''oo'' in English g<u>oo</u>d.
+|-
+|| ''o''|| /ɔ~ɵ/ || Like the ''o'' in English f<u>o</u>g.
+|-
+|| ''e''|| /ə~ɛ/ || Varies between the ''o'' in English lem<u>o</u>n and the ''e'' in b<u>e</u>t.
+|-
+|| ''ai''|| /aj/ || Like the ''y'' in English fl<u>y</u>.
+|-
+|| ''au''|| /aw/ || Similar to the ''ou'' in some dialects of English l<u>ou</u>d.
+|-
+|| ''ei''|| /ej/ || Like the ''ay'' in English m<u>ay</u>.
+|-
+|| ''ou''|| /ow/ || No exact English equivalent, but similar to the ''oa'' in c<u>oa</u>t.
+|-
+|| ''ie''|| /jɛ/ || No English equivalent. Like the ''ie'' in Spanish t<u>ie</u>mpo.
+|-
+|| ''uo''|| /wɔ/ || No English equivalent.
+|}
 [[Category:Erjie]]
 [[Category:Languages]]
 [[Category:Conlangs]]