Gothevian: Difference between revisions

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===Stress===

===Historical evolution===

====From Classical Gothic to Pre-Gothevian====

* /h/, /w/ fortify into /k/, /p/ before /l/, /r/.

* /β/ merges into /w/ intervocalically.

* /β/, /ɣ/ merge into /w/ before /m/.

====From Pre-Gothevian to Old Gothevian====

* /t, d/, /k, ɡ/ palatalize to /c/, /ɟ/ respectively before /i/, /iː/, /eː/. /kʷ/, /ɡ(ː)ʷ/ are unaffected.

* /ɣ/ is elided intervocalically or in syllable codas if followed by another consonant, without compensatory lengthening of the previous vowel.

* /ɣr/, /rɣ/ coalesce into /ɣː/.

* /ɸ/, /β/ develop into /f/, /v/.

* /l/ is elided in syllable codas if followed by another consonant, with compensatory lengthening of the previous vowel, if short.

* /h/ is elided in syllable codas, with compensatory lengthening of the previous vowel, if short. If /h/ is followed by a consonant, then that consonant is geminated too.

* /ɟː/ causes nearby non-front vowels /a(ː)/, /ɔ(ː)/, /oː/, /u(ː)/ to front into /ɛ(ː)/, /œ(ː)/, /øː/, /y(ː)/. Non-geminate /ɟ/ does not trigger this shift.

* /kʷ/, /ɡ(ː)ʷ/ cause nearby unrounded vowels /a(ː)/, /ɛ(ː)/, /eː/, /i(ː)/ to round into /ɔ(ː)/, /œ(ː)/, /øː/, /y(ː)/.

====From Old Gothevian to Middle Gothevian====

* /θ/, /ð/ fortify to /t/, /d/ when directly followed by another consonant that is not a glide or a plosive.

* One of /θ, ð/, /s, z/ retracts to /s, z/, /ʃ, ʒ/ respectively, triggering a chain shift that causes the second to also retract.

* /kʷ/, /ɡʷ/, /ʍ/ lose their labialization and merge with /k/, /ɡ/, /h/.

* /ɣ/, /w/ are elided before back vowels /u(ː)/, /oː/.

* /ŋk, ŋɡ/, /ŋkʷ, ŋɡʷ/ coalesce into /nː/, /wː/ respectively.

* Geminate consonants lose their gemination.

* /œ/, /y/ merge into /ɨ~ə/.

* Unstressed /a/ develops into /ɨ~ə/. Other short unstressed vowels may also sporadically develop into /ɨ~ə/.

* Vowels preceding a nasal consonant coalesce into a long nasalized vowel if followed by a fricative or a liquid. These nasalized vowels lose their nasalization shortly after. /ẽː/, /ø̃ː/, /õː/ develop into /aː/ during this process.

* /iː, eː/, /yː, øː/, /uː, oː/ develop into /je̞/, /we̞/, /wo̞/ respectively.

* /ɛː/, /œː/, /ɔː/, /aː/ develop into /ja/, /wɨ~wə/, /wa/, /a/ respectively.

* /iu̯/ merges into /wɨ/.

* /ɛ/, /ɔ/ develop into /e̞/, /o̞/.

* newly-formed sequences /tj, kj, cj/, /dj, ɡj, ɟj/, /sj, zj/, /wj, jw/ coalesce into /c/, /ɟ/, /ʃ, ʒ/, /j, w/.

====From Middle Gothevian to Modern Gothevian====

* /h/ is completely lost.

* /c/, /ɟ/ affricate to /t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/.

* /t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/ de-affricate in unstressed and/or coda positions.

* /sc/, /ʃc/ develop into /st/, /ʃt/.

* /w/, /ɣ/ merge into /v/, except when within a consonant cluster, then they merge into /w/.

==Orthography==

@@ Line 140: / Line 140: @@
 ===Stress===
 ===Historical evolution===
+====From Classical Gothic to Pre-Gothevian====
+* /h/, /w/ fortify into /k/, /p/ before /l/, /r/.
+* /β/ merges into /w/ intervocalically.
+* /β/, /ɣ/ merge into /w/ before /m/.
+====From Pre-Gothevian to Old Gothevian====
+* /t, d/, /k, ɡ/ palatalize to /c/, /ɟ/ respectively before /i/, /iː/, /eː/. /kʷ/, /ɡ(ː)ʷ/ are unaffected.
+* /ɣ/ is elided intervocalically or in syllable codas if followed by another consonant, without compensatory lengthening of the previous vowel.
+* /ɣr/, /rɣ/ coalesce into /ɣː/.
+* /ɸ/, /β/ develop into /f/, /v/.
+* /l/ is elided in syllable codas if followed by another consonant, with compensatory lengthening of the previous vowel, if short.
+* /h/ is elided in syllable codas, with compensatory lengthening of the previous vowel, if short. If /h/ is followed by a consonant, then that consonant is geminated too.
+* /ɟː/ causes nearby non-front vowels /a(ː)/, /ɔ(ː)/, /oː/, /u(ː)/ to front into /ɛ(ː)/, /œ(ː)/, /øː/, /y(ː)/. Non-geminate /ɟ/ does not trigger this shift.
+* /kʷ/, /ɡ(ː)ʷ/ cause nearby unrounded vowels /a(ː)/, /ɛ(ː)/, /eː/, /i(ː)/ to round into /ɔ(ː)/, /œ(ː)/, /øː/, /y(ː)/.
+====From Old Gothevian to Middle Gothevian====
+* /θ/, /ð/ fortify to /t/, /d/ when directly followed by another consonant that is not a glide or a plosive.
+* One of /θ, ð/, /s, z/ retracts to /s, z/, /ʃ, ʒ/ respectively, triggering a chain shift that causes the second to also retract.
+* /kʷ/, /ɡʷ/, /ʍ/ lose their labialization and merge with /k/, /ɡ/, /h/.
+* /ɣ/, /w/ are elided before back vowels /u(ː)/, /oː/.
+* /ŋk, ŋɡ/, /ŋkʷ, ŋɡʷ/ coalesce into /nː/, /wː/ respectively.
+* Geminate consonants lose their gemination.
+* /œ/, /y/ merge into /ɨ~ə/.
+* Unstressed /a/ develops into /ɨ~ə/. Other short unstressed vowels may also sporadically develop into /ɨ~ə/.
+* Vowels preceding a nasal consonant coalesce into a long nasalized vowel if followed by a fricative or a liquid. These nasalized vowels lose their nasalization shortly after. /ẽː/, /ø̃ː/, /õː/ develop into /aː/ during this process.
+* /iː, eː/, /yː, øː/, /uː, oː/ develop into /je̞/, /we̞/, /wo̞/ respectively.
+* /ɛː/, /œː/, /ɔː/, /aː/ develop into /ja/, /wɨ~wə/, /wa/, /a/ respectively.
+* /iu̯/ merges into /wɨ/.
+* /ɛ/, /ɔ/ develop into /e̞/, /o̞/.
+* newly-formed sequences /tj, kj, cj/, /dj, ɡj, ɟj/, /sj, zj/, /wj, jw/ coalesce into /c/, /ɟ/, /ʃ, ʒ/, /j, w/.
+====From Middle Gothevian to Modern Gothevian====
+* /h/ is completely lost.
+* /c/, /ɟ/ affricate to /t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/.
+* /t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/ de-affricate in unstressed and/or coda positions.
+* /sc/, /ʃc/ develop into /st/, /ʃt/.
+* /w/, /ɣ/ merge into /v/, except when within a consonant cluster, then they merge into /w/.
 ==Orthography==
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