Verse:Mwail/Dosubian: Difference between revisions

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Tigol is a highly inflected, fusional language, unlike modern [[Eevo]]. Much of [[Proto-Talmic]] morphology survives in Tigol. However, Tigol is most notorious for its often unpredictable verbal allomorphy.


==Nouns==
Do the Ciêng indep/dep thing
== Noun class markers ==
==Adjectives==
==Pronouns==
==Verb prefixes==
===Preverb prefixes===
Prefixes:
*''ar-'': on, at
*''(deut.) as-'': telic
*''(prot.) de-, (deut.) do-'': in, at
*''é-'': with, co-
*''fin-''/''sin-'' = well, thoroughly
*''for-'': causative, through
*''(prot.) ful-, (deut.) fol-'': around, back
*''(prot.) gel-, (deut.) gol-'': up, out
*''ro-'': down
*''sol-'': a causative
*''(prot.) su-, (deut.) so-'': towards
*''(prot.) sur-, (deut.) sor-'': back
*''(prot.) u(cc)-, (deut.) oc-'': from
===Object prefixes===
Object prefixes are inherited from [[Proto-Quihum]] and are placed in a slot between preverbs and the stem.
==Verb TAMs==
Tigol inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Tigol displays extensive verb allomorphy. Verbs can be grouped in two ways: non-prefixed and prefixed, and non-ablauting and ablauting. The verb tables below will use the following example verbs:
*Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''túsaiṁ'' /ˈtuːsai̯m/ 'he prays', ''ía·tús'' /iːəˈtuːs/ 'he does not pray' (modern ''tus'')
*Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. ''soṁaiṁ'' /somai̯m/ 'he finds (intransitive)', ''ía·soṁa'' /iːəˈsoma/ 'he does not find' (modern ''sov'')
*Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''as·tóċ'' /asˈtoːkʰ/ 'he proves', ''ía·assaċ'' /iːəˈasːakʰ/ 'he does not prove'
*Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. ''de·arcoḃ'' /dorˈkobʰ/ 'he tolerates' (< ''de-ar-cobym'' 'at-on-bear'), ''ía·dérb'' /iːəˈdeːrb/ 'he does not tolerate' (modern Eevo ''deerv'')
In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed.
===Present===
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person  !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
|-
| 1SG || '' túsain'' < tússanis <br/>''ia·tús'' < nīs tússan || ''soṁain'' < somynis <br/> ''ia·soṁ'' < nīs somyn || ''as·tóċan''  < astósācon<br/>''ia·assaċ'' < nīs ástosācon || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''ia·dérb''
|-
| 2SG || '' túsair'' < tússaris<br/>''ia·túsar'' < nīs tússar || ''soṁair'' < somyris <br/> ''ia·soṁar'' < nīs somyr || ''as·tóċar'' < astósācor<br/>''ia·assaċar'' < nīs ástosācor || ''dor·coḃar''<br/> ''ia·dérbar''
|-
| 3SG.M || '' túsaiṁ'' < tússamis<br/>''ia·tús'' < nīs tússam || ''soṁaiṁ'' < somymis <br/> ''ia·soṁ'' < nīs somym || ''as·tóċ'' < astósācom<br/>''ia·assaċ'' < nīs ástosācom || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''ia·dérb''
|-
| 3SG.F || '' túsaé'' < tússasis<br/>''ia·túsaé'' < nīs tússasi || ''soṁaé'' < somysis <br/> ''ia·soṁaé'' < nīs somysi || ''as·tóċaé'' < astósācosi<br/>''ia·assaċaé'' < nīs ástosācosi || ''dor·coḃaé''<br/> ''ia·dérbaé''
|-
| 3SG.N || '' tús'' < tússas<br/>''ia·tús'' < nīs tússa || ''soiṁ'' < somis <br/> ''ia·soṁ'' < nīs somy || '' as·tóċ'' < astósācos<br/>''ia·assaċ'' < nīs ástosāco || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''ia·dérb''
|-
| 1EX || '' túsmae'' < tússamēs<br/>''ia·túsaiṁ'' < nīs tússamē || ''sommae'' < somymēs <br/> ''ia·soṁaiṁ'' < nīs somymē || '' as·tóċaiṁ'' < astósācomē<br/>''ia·assaċaiṁ'' < nīs ástosācomē || ''dor·coḃaiṁ''<br/> ''ia·dérbaiṁ''
|-
| 1IN || '' túsait'' < tússantis<br/>''ia·túsat'' < nīs tússant || ''soṁait'' < somyntis <br/> ''ia·soṁat'' < nīs somynt || '' as·tóċat'' < astósācont<br/>''ia·assaċat'' < nīs ástosācont || ''dor·coḃat''<br/> ''ia·dérbat''
|-
| 2PL || '' túsaisc'' < tússasces<br/>''ia·túsaisc'' < nīs tússasce || ''soṁaisc'' < somysces <br/> ''ia·soṁasc'' < nīs somysce || '' as·tóċaisc'' < astósācosce<br/>''ia·assaċaisc'' < nīs ástosācosce  || ''dor·coḃaisc''<br/> ''ia·dérbaisc''
|-
| 3PL || '' túsaiḋ'' < tússatis<br/>''ia·túsaḋ'' < nīs tússat || ''soṁaiḋ'' < somytis <br/> ''ia·soṁaḋ'' < nīs somyt || '' as·tóċaḋ'' < astósācot<br/>''ia·assaċaḋ'' < nīs ástosācot || ''dor·coḃaḋ''<br/> ''ia·dérbaḋ''
|}
===Imperfect===
The imperfect is its own principal part, from reduplication in Thensarian.
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person  !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
|-
| 1SG || '' téussain'' < tétussanis <br/>''ia·téuss'' < nīs tétussan || ''séṁain'' < sésomynis <br/> ''ia·séṁ'' < nīs sésomyn || ''as·tecc'' <br/>''ia·astóċ'' || ''dor·coġḃ''<br/> ''ia·dercob''
|-
| 2SG || '' téussair'' < tétussaris <br/>''ia·téussar'' < nīs tétussar || ''séṁair'' < somyris <br/> ''ia·séṁar'' < nīs sésomyr || ''as·teccar'' <br/>''ia·astóċar'' || ''dor·coġḃar''<br/> ''ia·dercobar''
|-
| 3SG.M || ''téussaiṁ'' < tétussamis<br/>''ia·téuss'' < nīs tétussam || ''séṁaiṁ'' < sésomymis <br/> ''ia·séṁ'' < nīs sésomym || ''as·tecc'' <br/>''ia·astóċ'' || ''dor·coġḃ''<br/> ''ia·dercob''
|-
| 3SG.F || ''téussaé'' < tétussasis<br/>''ia·téussaé'' < nīs tétussasi || ''séṁaé'' < sésomysis <br/> ''ia·séṁaé'' < nīs sésomysi || ''as·teccaé'' <br/>''ia·astóċaé'' || ''dor·coġḃaé''<br/> ''ia·dercobaé''
|-
| 3SG.N || ''téuss'' < tétussas<br/>''ia·téuss'' < nīs tétussa || ''séṁ'' < sésomis <br/> ''ia·séṁ'' < nīs sésomy || '' as·tecc'' <br/>''ia·astóċ'' || ''dor·coġḃ''<br/> ''ia·dercob''
|-
| 1EX || '' téussaiṁ'' < tétussamēs<br/>''ia·téussaiṁ'' < nīs tétussamē || ''sémmae'' < sésomymēs <br/> ''ia·séṁaiṁ'' < nīs sésomymē || '' as·teccaiṁ''<br/>''ia·astóċaiṁ'' || ''dor·coġḃaiṁ''<br/> ''ia·dercobaiṁ''
|-
| 1IN || '' téussait'' < tétussantis<br/>''ia·téussat'' < nīs tétussant || ''séṁait'' < sésomyntis <br/> ''ia·séṁat'' < nīs sésomynt || '' as·teccat'' <br/>''ia·astóċat'' || ''dor·coġḃat''<br/> ''ia·dercobat''
|-
| 2PL || '' téussaisc'' < tétussasces<br/>''ia·téussaisc'' < nīs tétussasce || ''séṁaisc'' < sésomysces <br/> ''ia·soṁasc'' < nīs sésomysce || '' as·teccaisc''<br/>''ia·astóċaisc''  || ''dor·coġḃaisc''<br/> ''ia·dercobaisc''
|-
| 3PL || '' téussaiḋ'' < tétussatis<br/>''ia·téussaḋ'' < nīs tétussat || ''séṁaiḋ'' < sésomytis <br/> ''ia·séṁaḋ'' < nīs sésomyt || '' as·teccaḋ'' <br/>''ia·astóċaḋ'' || ''dor·coġḃaḋ''<br/> ''ia·dercobaḋ''
|}
===Preterite===
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person  !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
|-
| 1SG || '' túsaidh'' < tússadīs <br/>''ia·túsaidh'' < nīs tússadī || ''siṁidh'' < simidīs<br/>''ia·siṁidh'' < nīs simidī || ''as·tóċaidh'' < astósācādī<br/>''ia·assaċaidh'' < nīs ástosācādī || ''dor·ciḃid''<br/> ''ia·déirbid''
|-
| 2SG || '' túsaí'' < tússavoes<br/>''ia·túsaí'' < nīs tússavoe || ''siṁí'' < simivoes<br/>''ia·siṁí'' < nīs simivoe || ''as·tóċaí'' < astósācovoe<br/>''ia·assaċaí'' < nīs ástosācovoe || ''dor·ciḃí''<br/> ''ia·déirbí''
|-''dor·ciḃí''<br/> ''ia·déirbí''
| 3SG.M || '' túsaim'' < tússasmis<br/>''ia·túsaim'' < nīs tússasmi || ''siṁim'' < simismis<br/>''ia·siṁim'' < nīs simismi || ''as·tóċaim'' < astósācosmi<br/>''ia·assaċaim'' < nīs ástosācosmi || ''dor·ciḃim''<br/> ''ia·déirbim''
|-
| 3SG.F || '' túsais'' < tússastis<br/>''ia·túsais'' < nīs tússasti || ''siṁis'' < simistis<br/>''ia·siṁis'' < nīs simisti || ''as·tóċais'' < astósācosti<br/>''ia·assaċais'' < nīs ástosācosti || ''dor·ciḃis''<br/> ''ia·déirbis''
|-
| 3SG.N || '' túsá'' < tússasos<br/>''ia·túsá'' < nīs tússaso || ''siṁeo'' < simisos<br/>''ia·siṁeo'' < nīs simiso || '' as·tóċá'' < astósācoso<br/>''ia·assaċá'' < nīs ástosācoso || ''dor·ciḃeo''<br/> ''ia·déirbeo''
|-
| 1EX || '' túsmair'' < tússameris<br/>''ia·túsmar'' < nīs tússamer || ''simmir'' < simimeris<br/>''ia·simmer'' < nīs simimeris || '' as·tóċmar'' < astósācomer<br/>''ia·assaċmar'' < nīs ástosācomer || ''dor·ciḃmer''<br/> ''ia·déirbmer''
|-
| 1IN || '' túsdair'' < tússanteris<br/>''ia·túsdar'' < nīs tússanter || ''siṁdir'' < siminteris<br/>''ia·siṁder'' < nīs siminteris || '' as·tóċdar'' < astósāconter<br/>''ia·assaċdar'' < nīs ástosāconter || ''dor·ciḃder''<br/> ''ia·déirbder''
|-
| 2PL || '' tússcair'' < tússasceris<br/>''ia·tússcar'' < nīs tússascer || ''siṁscir'' < simisceris<br/>''ia·siṁscer'' < nīs simisceris || '' as·tóċscar'' < astósācosceris<br/>''ia·assaċscar'' < nīs ástosācoscer || ''dor·ciḃscer''<br/> ''ia·déirbscer''
|-
| 3PL || '' túsbair'' < tússabris<br/>''ia·túsbar'' < nīs tússaber || ''siṁbir'' < simiberis<br/>''ia·siṁber'' < nīs simiberis || '' as·tóċḃar'' < astósācober<br/>''ia·assaċḃar'' < nīs ástosācoter || ''dor·ciber''<br/> ''ia·déirber''
|}
===Future===
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person  !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
|-
| 1SG || '' túsṫain'' < tússatēnis <br/>''ia·túsaiḋ'' < nīs tússatēn || ''sóitin'' < sontēnis <br/> ''ia·sóit'' < nīs sontēn || ''as·tóċtan'' <br/>''ia·assaċt''  || ''dor·coċtan''<br/> ''ia·derċtan''
|-
| 2SG || '' túsṫair'' < tússatēris <br/>''ia·túsṫar'' < nīs tússatēr || ''sóitir'' < sontēris <br/> ''ia·sóiter'' < nīs sontēr || ''as·tóċtar'' <br/>''ia·assaċtar'' || ''dor·coċtar''<br/> ''ia·derċtar''
|-
| 3SG.M || '' túsṫaiṁ'' < tússatēmis <br/>''ia·túsaiḋ'' < nīs tússatēm || ''sóitiṁ'' < sontēmis <br/> ''ia·sóit'' < nīs somym || ''as·tóċt'' <br/>''ia·assaċt'' || ''dor·coċt''<br/> ''ia·derċt''
|-
| 3SG.F || '' túsṫaé'' < tússatēsis<br/>''ia·túsṫaé'' < nīs tússatēsi || ''sóité'' < sontēsis <br/> ''ia·sóité'' < nīs somysi || ''as·tóċtaé'' <br/>''ia·assaċtaé'' || ''dor·coċtaé''<br/> ''ia·derċtaé''
|-
| 3SG.N || '' túsaiḋ'' < tússatēs<br/>''ia·túsaiḋ'' < nīs tússatē || ''sóit'' < sontēs <br/> ''ia·sóit'' < nīs sontē || '' as·tóċt'' <br/>''ia·assaċt'' || ''dor·coċt''<br/> ''ia·derċt''
|-
| 1EX || '' túsṫaiṁ'' < tússatēmēs<br/>''túsṫaiṁ'' < nīs tússatēmē || ''sóitiṁ'' < sontēmēs <br/> ''ia·sóiteṁ'' < nīs sontēm || '' as·tóċtaiṁ'' <br/>''ia·assaċtaiṁ'' || ''dor·coċtaiṁ''<br/> ''ia·derċtaiṁ''
|-
| 1IN || '' túsṫait'' < tússatēntis<br/>''ia·túsṫat'' < nīs tússatēnt || ''sóitit'' < sontēntis <br/> ''ia·sóitet'' < nīs sontēnt || '' as·tóċtat'' <br/>''ia·assaċtat'' || ''dor·coċtat''<br/> ''ia·derċtat''
|-
| 2PL || '' túsṫaisc'' < tússatēsces<br/>''ia·túsṫaisc'' < nīs tússatēsce || ''sóitisc'' < sontēsces <br/> ''ia·sóitisc'' < nīs sontēsce || '' as·tóċtaisc''<br/>''ia·assaċtaisc''  || ''dor·coċtaisc''<br/> ''ia·derċtaisc''
|-
| 3PL || '' túsṫaiḋ'' < tússatētis<br/>''ia·túsṫaḋ'' < nīs tússatēt || ''sóitiḋ'' < sontētis <br/> ''ia·sóiteḋ'' < nīs sontēt || '' as·tóċtaḋ'' <br/>''ia·assaċtaḋ''  || ''dor·coċtaḋ''<br/> ''ia·derċtaḋ''
|}
===Present subjunctive===
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person  !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
|-
| 1SG || ''túsnae'' < tússānaes <br/>''dá·ṫúsnae'' < δā tússānae || ''soṁnae'' < somnaes <br/> ''dá·shoṁnae'' < δā somnae || ''as·tóċnae'' <br/>''dá·assaċnae''  || ''dor·coċnae''<br/> ''dá·derċnae''
|-
| 2SG || ''túsrae'' < tussāraes <br/>''dá·ṫúsṫar'' < δā tússārae || ''soṁrae'' < somraes <br/> ''dá·shoṁrae'' < δā somrae || ''as·tóċrae'' <br/>''dá·assaċrae'' || ''dor·coċrae''<br/> ''dá·derċrae''
|-
| 3SG.M || ''túsmair'' < tússamioris <br/>''dá·ṫúsmar'' < δā tússamior || ''soimmir'' < sommioris <br/> ''dá·shoimmer'' < δā sommior || ''as·tóċmar'' <br/>''dá·assaċmar'' || ''dor·coċmar''<br/> ''dá·derċmar''
|-
| 3SG.F || ''túsaéir'' < tússasioris <br/>''dá·ṫúsaér'' < δā tússasior || ''soimir'' < somsioris <br/> ''dá·shoimer'' < δā somsior || ''as·tóċaér'' <br/>''dá·assaċaér'' || ''dor·coċaér''<br/> ''dá·derċaér''
|-
| 3SG.N || ''túsair'' < tússaoris <br/>''dá·ṫúsar'' < δā tússaor || ''soiṁir'' < somioris <br/> ''dá·shoiṁer'' < δā somior || ''as·tóċar'' <br/>''dá·assaċar'' || ''dor·coċar''<br/> ''dá·derċar''
|-
| 1EX || '' túsṁae'' < tússāmaes<br/>''dá·ṫúsṁae'' < δā tússāmae || ''sommae'' < sommaes <br/> ''dá·sommae'' < δā sommae || ''as·tóċmae'' <br/>''dá·assaċmae'' || ''dor·coċmae''<br/> ''dá·derċmae''
|-
| 1IN || '' túsdae'' < tússāntaes<br/>''dá·ṫúsdae'' < δā tússāntae || ''soṁadae'' < somyntaes <br/> ''dá·soṁadae'' < δā somyntae || '' as·tóċdae'' <br/>''ia·assaċdae'' || ''dor·coċdae''<br/> ''dá·derċdae''
|-
| 2PL || '' túscae'' < tussāscaes<br/>''dá·ṫúscae'' < δā tussāscae || ''soṁascae'' < somyscaes <br/> ''dá·soṁascae'' < δā somyscae || '' as·tóċscae''<br/>''ia·assaċscae''  || ''dor·coċscae''<br/> ''dá·derċscae''
|-
| 3PL || '' túsṫair '' < tussātioris<br/>''dá·ṫúsṫair'' < δā tussātior || ''soiṁṫir'' < somtioris <br/> ''dá·soiṁṫer'' < δā somtior || '' as·tóċṫair'' <br/>''dá·assaċṫair''  || ''dor·coċtar''<br/> ''dá·derċtar''
|}
===Past subjunctive===
Gets mixed up with future in descendants.
===Imperative===
===Verbal noun===
[[Category:Tigol]][[Category:Tricin]]
[[Category:Eevo]]

Revision as of 20:13, 13 June 2025

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