Verse:Mwail/Qocwane: Difference between revisions

Line 104:

! scope="row" | loose

|

~~| {{IPA link~~|z̩}} {{angbr|y}}

| z̩ {{angbr|y

~~| {{IPA link~~|v̩ʷ}} {{angbr|u}}

| v̩ʷ {{angbr|u

|-

! scope="row" | tight

|

~~| {{IPA link~~|z̠̩}} {{angbr|yr}}

| z̠̩ {{angbr|yr

~~| {{IPA link~~|v̠̩ʷ}} {{angbr|ur}}

| v̠̩ʷ {{angbr|ur

|-

! scope="row" | [[Close vowel|Close]]

! scope="row" | loose

~~| {{IPA link~~|e̝}} {{angbr|i}}

| e̝ {{angbr|i

~~| {{IPA link~~|ɤ̝}} {{angbr|e}}

| ɤ̝ {{angbr|e

~~| {{IPA link~~|o̝}} {{angbr|o}}

| o̝ {{angbr|o

|-

![[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]

! rowspan="2" |tight

| ~~{{IPA link|~~ɛ}} {{angbr~~|{{not a typo~~|ie~~}}}}~~

| ɛ {{angbr|ie

|

| ~~{{IPA link|~~ɔ}} {{angbr|uo}}

| ɔ {{angbr|uo

|-

! scope="row" | [[Open vowel|Open]]

|

| ~~{{IPA link|~~a}} {{angbr|a}}

| a {{angbr|a

|

|}

Nuosu has five pairs of phonemic vowels, contrasting in a feature Andy Eatough calls ''loose throat'' vs. ''tight throat''. Underlining is used as an ad-hoc symbol for tight throat; phonetically, these vowels are [[laryngealized]] and/or show a [[retracted tongue root]]. Loose vs. tight throat is the only distinction in the two pairs of [[syllabic consonant]]s, but in the [[vocoid]]s it is reinforced by a [[vowel height|height]] difference.{{r|eatough}}

The syllabic consonants {{transliteration|ii|y(r) u(r)}} are essentially the usual Sinological vowels {{IPA|ɿ ʮ}}, so {{angbr|y}} can be identified with the vowel of the Mandarin {{lang|cmn|四}} {{transliteration|cmn|sì}} "four", but they have diverse realizations. {{transliteration|ii|Y(r)}} completely assimilates to a preceding coronal except in voice, e.g. {{IPA|/ɕz̩˨˩/}} {{IPA|[ɕʑ̩˨˩]}} {{lang|ii|ꑮ}} {{transliteration|ii|xyp}} "to marry", and is {{IPA|[m͡l̩]}} after a labial nasal, e.g. {{IPA|/m̥z̩˧sz̩˧/}} {{IPA|[m̥m͡l̩˧sɹ̩˧]}} {{lang|ii|ꂪꌦ}} {{transliteration|ii|hmy sy}} "cloth". {{transliteration|ii|U(r)}} assimilates similarly after laterals, retaining its rounding, e.g. {{IPA|/l̥v̩ʷ˧/}} {{IPA|[l̥l̩ʷ˧]}} {{lang|ii|ꆭ}} {{transliteration|ii|hlu}} "to stir-fry", and is {{IPA|[m̩ʷ]}} after a labial nasal, e.g. {{IPA|/m̥v̩ʷ˧/}} {{IPA|[m̥m̩ʷ˧]}} {{lang|ii|ꂥ}} {{transliteration|ii|hmu}} "mushroom"; moreover it induces a [[bilabial trill|labially trilled]] release of preceding labial or alveolar stops, e.g. {{IPA|/ⁿdv̩ʷ˨˩/}} {{IPA|[ⁿdʙβ̩˨˩]}} {{lang|ii|ꅥ}} {{transliteration|ii|ndup}} "to hit".

The tight-throat phone {{IPA|[ɤ̝]}} occurs as the realization of {{IPA|/ɤ̝/}} in the high tone. That it is phonemically loose-throat is shown by its behaviour in tightness harmony in compound words.

~~Polynuosu syllable structure is (C)V.~~

@@ Line 104: / Line 104: @@
 ! scope="row" | <small>loose</small>
 |
-| {{IPA link|z̩}} {{angbr|y}}
+| z̩ {{angbr|y
-| {{IPA link|v̩ʷ}} {{angbr|u}}
+| v̩ʷ {{angbr|u
 |-
 ! scope="row" | <small>tight</small>
 |
-| {{IPA link|z̠̩}} {{angbr|yr}}
+| z̠̩ {{angbr|yr
-| {{IPA link|v̠̩ʷ}} {{angbr|ur}}
+| v̠̩ʷ {{angbr|ur
 |-
 ! scope="row" | [[Close vowel|Close]]
 ! scope="row" | <small>loose</small>
-| {{IPA link|e̝}} {{angbr|i}}
+| e̝ {{angbr|i
-| {{IPA link|ɤ̝}} {{angbr|e}}
+| ɤ̝ {{angbr|e
-| {{IPA link|o̝}} {{angbr|o}}
+| o̝ {{angbr|o
 |-
 ![[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
 ! rowspan="2" |<small>tight</small>
-| <u>{{IPA link|ɛ}}</u> {{angbr|{{not a typo|ie}}}}
+| <u>ɛ</u> {{angbr|ie
 |
-| <u>{{IPA link|ɔ}}</u> {{angbr|uo}}
+| <u>ɔ</u> {{angbr|uo
 |-
 ! scope="row" | [[Open vowel|Open]]
 |
-| <u>{{IPA link|a}}</u> {{angbr|a}}
+| <u>a</u> {{angbr|a
 |
 |}
-Nuosu has five pairs of phonemic vowels, contrasting in a feature Andy Eatough calls ''loose throat'' vs. ''tight throat''.  Underlining is used as an ad-hoc symbol for tight throat; phonetically, these vowels are [[laryngealized]] and/or show a [[retracted tongue root]].  Loose vs. tight throat is the only distinction in the two pairs of [[syllabic consonant]]s, but in the [[vocoid]]s it is reinforced by a [[vowel height|height]] difference.{{r|eatough}}
-The syllabic consonants {{transliteration|ii|y(r) u(r)}} are essentially the usual Sinological vowels {{IPA|ɿ ʮ}}, so {{angbr|y}} can be identified with the vowel of the Mandarin {{lang|cmn|四}} {{transliteration|cmn|sì}} "four", but they have diverse realizations.  {{transliteration|ii|Y(r)}} completely assimilates to a preceding coronal except in voice, e.g. {{IPA|/ɕz̩˨˩/}} {{IPA|[ɕʑ̩˨˩]}} {{lang|ii|ꑮ}} {{transliteration|ii|xyp}} "to marry", and is {{IPA|[m͡l̩]}} after a labial nasal, e.g. {{IPA|/m̥z̩˧sz̩˧/}} {{IPA|[m̥m͡l̩˧sɹ̩˧]}} {{lang|ii|ꂪꌦ}} {{transliteration|ii|hmy sy}} "cloth".  {{transliteration|ii|U(r)}} assimilates similarly after laterals, retaining its rounding, e.g. {{IPA|/l̥v̩ʷ˧/}} {{IPA|[l̥l̩ʷ˧]}} {{lang|ii|ꆭ}} {{transliteration|ii|hlu}} "to stir-fry", and is {{IPA|[m̩ʷ]}} after a labial nasal, e.g. {{IPA|/m̥v̩ʷ˧/}} {{IPA|[m̥m̩ʷ˧]}} {{lang|ii|ꂥ}} {{transliteration|ii|hmu}} "mushroom"; moreover it induces a [[bilabial trill|labially trilled]] release of preceding labial or alveolar stops, e.g. {{IPA|/ⁿdv̩ʷ˨˩/}} {{IPA|[ⁿd<sup>ʙ</sup>β̩˨˩]}} {{lang|ii|ꅥ}} {{transliteration|ii|ndup}} "to hit".
-The tight-throat phone {{IPA|[<u>ɤ̝</u>]}} occurs as the realization of {{IPA|/ɤ̝/}} in the high tone.  That it is phonemically loose-throat is shown by its behaviour in tightness harmony in compound words.
-Polynuosu syllable structure is (C)V.