Aryan: Difference between revisions

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***''*ítsi̯am'' (Aryan) > ''*éysom'' (PIE) ⇒ ''eum'' (Latin)

**The PIE emphatic''*h1eǵHóm'' is more archaic than ''*h₁eǵH'', as Homeric Greek ''ἐγών'' and Sanskrit ''अहम्'' suggest. The primordial form of ''*aiǵṓn'' (PIE ''*h1eǵHóm'') is ''ˈʕɨ̀ː-ɔː'' (Codex), which would regularly yield ''*aíō'', yet it is observed that in Aryan the consonant <''*ǵ''> is inserted, plus the affixation of <''*n''>, a borrowing from Diluvian ''nao'' "I".

***Thus another sense was rendered, the emphatic particle *-om (PIE).

***Thus another sense was rendered, the emphatic particle ''*-om'' (PIE).

*The nasal in ''*aiǵṓn'' "I" was subsequently labialized by the preceding vowel, shortening the nucleus (i.e. /oːn/ ⇒ /own/ ⇒ /om/).

*The nasal in ''*aiǵṓn'' "I" became <''*m''> primarily due two distinct processes; one phonetic and other phonological. It was either subsequently labialized by the preceding vowel, shortening the nucleus (i.e. /oːn/ ⇒ /own/ ⇒ /om/), and/or swapped by the contaminator ''*m'' based on its inflected forms.

**This sound change affected all other inflections of the first person singular.

***e.g. the Aryan form ''*nh0'' "me" became ''*mh0'', then PIE ''*me''.

***e.g. the Aryan form ''*nh0(m)'' "me" became ''*mh0'', then PIE ''*me''.

*The dual is formed by erasing sounds of the singular, then reduplicating it (e.g. ''*aiǵṓn'' ⇒ ''*ōi̯ṓn''; ''*tū́'' ⇒ ''*ūi̯ū́''; ''*aíh0i'' ⇒ ''*aī́''), while the plural is formed by erasing the reduplication of the dual, then adding the serial particle ''*-s-'' (e.g. ''*ōi̯ṓn'' ⇒ ''*ṓns''; ''*ūi̯ū́'' ⇒ ''*ū́s''; ''*aī́'' ⇒ ''*aís''), and the collective simply does the latter but with the suffix ''*-a'' (e.g. ''*ōi̯ṓn'' ⇒ ''*ṓna''; ''*ūi̯ū́'' ⇒ ''*ū́a''; ''*aī́'' ⇒ ''*aía''). Medial ''*i̯'' ~ ''*u̯'' is inserted to avoid diphthongs between reduplicated vowels, and ''*ts'' is applied in all other cases when two bordering vowels are similar.

**The products of this process would eventually substitute the plural forms of the first and second-person (i.e. ''*ṓns'' "we (plural)" ⇒ ∅, replaced by ''*ōi̯ṓn'' "we (dual)" (Aryan) ⇒ ''*wéy'' "we (plural)" (PIE); ''*ūs'' "you (plural)" ⇒ ∅, replaced by ''*ūi̯ū́'' "you (dual)" (Aryan) ⇒ ''*yū́'' "you (plural)" (PIE)).

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 ***''*ítsi̯am'' (Aryan) > ''*éysom'' (PIE) ⇒ ''eum'' (Latin)
 **The PIE emphatic''*h<sub>1</sub>eǵHóm'' is more archaic than ''*h₁eǵH'', as Homeric Greek ''ἐγών'' and Sanskrit ''अहम्'' suggest. The primordial form of ''*aiǵṓn'' (PIE ''*h<sub>1</sub>eǵHóm'') is ''ˈʕɨ̀ː-ɔː'' (Codex), which would regularly yield ''*aíō'', yet it is observed that in Aryan the consonant <''*ǵ''> is inserted, plus the affixation of <''*n''>, a borrowing from Diluvian ''nao'' "I".
-***Thus another sense was rendered, the emphatic particle *-om (PIE).
+***Thus another sense was rendered, the emphatic particle ''*-om'' (PIE).
-*The nasal in ''*aiǵṓn'' "I" was subsequently labialized by the preceding vowel, shortening the nucleus (i.e. /oːn/ ⇒ /own/ ⇒ /om/).
+*The nasal in ''*aiǵṓn'' "I" became <''*m''> primarily due two distinct processes; one phonetic and other phonological. It was either subsequently labialized by the preceding vowel, shortening the nucleus (i.e. /oːn/ ⇒ /own/ ⇒ /om/), and/or swapped by the contaminator ''*m'' based on its inflected forms.
 **This sound change affected all other inflections of the first person singular.
-***e.g. the Aryan form ''*nh<sub>0</sub>'' "me" became ''*mh<sub>0</sub>'', then PIE ''*me''.
+***e.g. the Aryan form ''*nh<sub>0</sub>(m)'' "me" became ''*mh<sub>0</sub>'', then PIE ''*me''.
 *The dual is formed by erasing sounds of the singular, then reduplicating it (e.g. ''*aiǵṓn'' ⇒ ''*ōi̯ṓn''; ''*tū́'' ⇒ ''*ūi̯ū́''; ''*aíh0i'' ⇒ ''*aī́''), while the plural is formed by erasing the reduplication of the dual, then adding the serial particle ''*-s-'' (e.g. ''*ōi̯ṓn'' ⇒ ''*ṓns''; ''*ūi̯ū́'' ⇒ ''*ū́s''; ''*aī́'' ⇒ ''*aís''), and the collective simply does the latter but with the suffix ''*-a'' (e.g. ''*ōi̯ṓn'' ⇒ ''*ṓna''; ''*ūi̯ū́'' ⇒ ''*ū́a''; ''*aī́'' ⇒ ''*aía''). Medial ''*i̯'' ~ ''*u̯'' is inserted to avoid diphthongs between reduplicated vowels, and ''*ts'' is applied in all other cases when two bordering vowels are similar.
 **The products of this process would eventually substitute the plural forms of the first and second-person (i.e. ''*ṓns'' "we (plural)" ⇒ ∅, replaced by ''*ōi̯ṓn'' "we (dual)" (Aryan) ⇒ ''*wéy'' "we (plural)" (PIE); ''*ūs'' "you (plural)" ⇒ ∅, replaced by ''*ūi̯ū́'' "you (dual)" (Aryan) ⇒ ''*yū́'' "you (plural)" (PIE)).