Aryan: Difference between revisions
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*eātad kaláh0 gʷaînah0 | *eātad kaláh0 gʷaînah0 | ||
=== | ===Pronouns [...]=== | ||
====Personal Pronouns==== | |||
Third-person pronouns ... | Third-person pronouns ... | ||
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*The dual is formed by erasing sounds of the singular, then reduplicating it (e.g. ''*aiǵṓn'' ⇒ ''*ōi̯ṓn''; ''*tū́'' ⇒ ''*ūi̯ū́''; ''*aíh0i'' ⇒ ''*aī́''), while the plural is formed by erasing the reduplication of the dual, then adding the serial particle ''*-s-'' (e.g. ''*ōi̯ṓn'' ⇒ ''*ṓns''; ''*ūi̯ū́'' ⇒ ''*ū́s''; ''*aī́'' ⇒ ''*aís''). Medial ''*i̯'' ~ ''*u̯'' is inserted to avoid diphthongs. | *The dual is formed by erasing sounds of the singular, then reduplicating it (e.g. ''*aiǵṓn'' ⇒ ''*ōi̯ṓn''; ''*tū́'' ⇒ ''*ūi̯ū́''; ''*aíh0i'' ⇒ ''*aī́''), while the plural is formed by erasing the reduplication of the dual, then adding the serial particle ''*-s-'' (e.g. ''*ōi̯ṓn'' ⇒ ''*ṓns''; ''*ūi̯ū́'' ⇒ ''*ū́s''; ''*aī́'' ⇒ ''*aís''). Medial ''*i̯'' ~ ''*u̯'' is inserted to avoid diphthongs. | ||
**The products of this process would eventually substitute the plural forms of the first and second-person (i.e. ''*ṓns'' "we (plural)" ⇒ ∅, replaced by ''*ōi̯ṓn'' "we (dual)" (Aryan) ⇒ ''*wéy'' "we (plural)" (PIE); ''*ūs'' "you (plural)" ⇒ ∅, replaced by ''*ūi̯ū́'' "you (dual)" (Aryan) ⇒ ''*yū́'' "you (plural)" (PIE)). | **The products of this process would eventually substitute the plural forms of the first and second-person (i.e. ''*ṓns'' "we (plural)" ⇒ ∅, replaced by ''*ōi̯ṓn'' "we (dual)" (Aryan) ⇒ ''*wéy'' "we (plural)" (PIE); ''*ūs'' "you (plural)" ⇒ ∅, replaced by ''*ūi̯ū́'' "you (dual)" (Aryan) ⇒ ''*yū́'' "you (plural)" (PIE)). | ||
====Demonstrative Pronouns==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! rowspan="3" | | |||
! colspan="9" | PRONOUN DECLENSION | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3" | Singular | |||
! colspan="3" | Dual | |||
! colspan="3" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
! 1<sup>st</sup>-person | |||
! 2<sup>nd</sup>-person | |||
! 3<sup>rd</sup>-person | |||
! 1<sup>st</sup>-person | |||
! 2<sup>nd</sup>-person | |||
! 3<sup>rd</sup>-person | |||
! 1<sup>rd</sup>-person | |||
! 2<sup>nd</sup>-person | |||
! 3<sup>rd</sup>-person | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| *aiǵṓn || *tū́ || *aíh<sub>0</sub>i,<br>*aī́h<sub>0</sub>,<br>*aíd || *ōi̯ṓn || *ūi̯ū́ || *aī́,<br>*īu̯ī́h<sub>0</sub>,<br>*īu̯ī́ || *ṓns || *ū́s || *aī́s,<br>*ī́h<sub>0</sub>s,<br>*ī́a | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| *nh<sub>0</sub> || *tu̯h<sub>0</sub> || *ím,<br>*íh<sub>0</sub>m,<br>*íd || *nóh<sub>0</sub> || *úh<sub>0</sub> || *aím,<br>*aíh<sub>0</sub>m,<br>*aíd || *nsh<sub>0</sub> || *u̯sh<sub>0</sub> || *ísm,<br>*íh<sub>0</sub>sm,<br>*ía | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| *ni̯a || *tu̯i̯a || *ísi̯a,<br>*íh<sub>0</sub>si̯a,<br>*ídi̯a || *nói̯a || *úi̯a || *aísi̯a,<br>*aíh<sub>0</sub>si̯a,<br>*aídi̯a || *nsi̯a || *u̯si̯a || *ísi̯am,<br>*íh<sub>0</sub>si̯am,<br>*ídi̯am | |||
|- | |||
! Locative | |||
| *ni || *tu̯i || *ísi,<br>*íh<sub>0</sub>si,<br>*ídi || *nói || *úi || *aísi,<br>*aíh<sub>0</sub>si,<br>*aídi || *nsi || *u̯si || *ísim,<br>*íh<sub>0</sub>si̯am,<br>*ídi̯am | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| *nai̯ || *tu̯ai̯ || *ísai̯,<br>*íh<sub>0</sub>sai̯,<br>*ídai̯ || *nóai̯ || *úai̯ || *aísai̯,<br>*aíh<sub>0</sub>sai̯,<br>*aídai̯ || *nsai̯ || *u̯sai̯ || *ísai̯m,<br>*íh<sub>0</sub>sai̯m,<br>*ídai̯m | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! rowspan="3" | | |||
! colspan="9" | PRONOUN DECLENSION | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3" | Singular | |||
! colspan="3" | Dual | |||
! colspan="3" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
! Masculine | |||
! Feminine | |||
! Neuter | |||
! Masculine | |||
! Feminine | |||
! Neuter | |||
! Masculine | |||
! Feminine | |||
! Neuter | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| *h<sub>0</sub>tsa || *tsah<sub>0</sub> || *tsad || *ōi̯ṓn || *ūi̯ū́ || *aī́,<br>*īu̯ī́h<sub>0</sub>,<br>*īu̯ī́ || *ṓns || *ū́s || *aī́s,<br>*ī́h<sub>0</sub>s,<br>*ī́a | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| *nh<sub>0</sub> || *tu̯h<sub>0</sub> || *ím,<br>*íh<sub>0</sub>m,<br>*íd || *nóh<sub>0</sub> || *úh<sub>0</sub> || *aím,<br>*aíh<sub>0</sub>m,<br>*aíd || *nsh<sub>0</sub> || *u̯sh<sub>0</sub> || *ísm,<br>*íh<sub>0</sub>sm,<br>*ía | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| *ni̯a || *tu̯i̯a || *ísi̯a,<br>*íh<sub>0</sub>si̯a,<br>*ídi̯a || *nói̯a || *úi̯a || *aísi̯a,<br>*aíh<sub>0</sub>si̯a,<br>*aídi̯a || *nsi̯a || *u̯si̯a || *ísi̯am,<br>*íh<sub>0</sub>si̯am,<br>*ídi̯am | |||
|- | |||
! Locative | |||
| *ni || *tu̯i || *ísi,<br>*íh<sub>0</sub>si,<br>*ídi || *nói || *úi || *aísi,<br>*aíh<sub>0</sub>si,<br>*aídi || *nsi || *u̯si || *ísim,<br>*íh<sub>0</sub>si̯am,<br>*ídi̯am | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| *nai̯ || *tu̯ai̯ || *ísai̯,<br>*íh<sub>0</sub>sai̯,<br>*ídai̯ || *nóai̯ || *úai̯ || *aísai̯,<br>*aíh<sub>0</sub>sai̯,<br>*aídai̯ || *nsai̯ || *u̯sai̯ || *ísai̯m,<br>*íh<sub>0</sub>sai̯m,<br>*ídai̯m | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===Verb=== | ===Verb=== | ||