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| In [[Verse:Angai]], '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''bry lleɂang Dylethyzz'' /prə 'ɬɛʔaŋ tə'lɛθəz/ CLF language Dylath-ADJ) is a highly conservative [[Trans-Sarnathian languages|Trans-Sarnathian]] language with a Welsh-like grammar and a loosely Welsh-like aesthetic. Dylathian and its closest relatives are spoken in the Dylathian plateau and the Sarnathian mountain range in the borderlands of Aem-Zmaə, which contains Mt. ___, the highest mountain in Angai. Dylathian and its neighboring relatives are vital for reconstructing the early history of the Trans-Sarnathian branch.
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| Standard Dylathian is the liturgical language of ___ (a version of Tibetan Buddhism).
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| == Lexicon ==
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| ''chy'' '1SG'
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| ''newlywed'' '200'
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| PTS tilakt -> ''Dylath''
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| ''ɂalar'' 'to breathe'
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| PTS ʔlars 'life' -> ''ɂalarch'' "oneself"
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| PTS sleʔans -> (pry/yni) ''lleɂang'' (no sgv) "speech"
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| PTS tsʼajbʰ 'water' -> Dyl. (lly) ''tzɂaf'' (no sgv)
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| PTS kʷʼē -> (wy/wng) ''pɂwy'' (sgv ''pɂwyol'') 'egg'
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| ''mam'' (no sgv) '(specific person's) mother'
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| ''tad'' (no sgv) '(specific person's) father'
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| ''tzɂan'' '1'
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| ''new'' '2'
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| ''llywed'' '100'
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| ''mancwɂynyll'' (sgv. ''mancwɂynyllu'') 'mother(s) in general'
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| ''tacwɂynyll'' (sgv. ''tacwɂynyllu'') 'father(s) in general'
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| ''2ankaj'' -> ''ɂanggae'' 'world'
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| llwyn 'to learn'
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| belwyng 'to teach'
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| llwyng (lēns) 'learning' -> 'law'?
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| c2arch 'mountain'
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| == Phonology ==
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| === Consonants ===
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| * '''m n ng l r ll rh''' /m n ŋ l r ɬ r̥/
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| * '''b d dz ds g gw''' /p t ts ts{{ret}} k kʷ/
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| * '''p t tz ts c cw''' /pʰ tʰ tsʰ ts{{ret}}ʰ kʰ kʷʰ/
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| * '''pɂ tɂ tzɂ tsɂ cɂ cwɂ ''' /pʼ tʼ tsʼ ts{{ret}}ʼ kʼ kʷʼ/
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| * '''ff th z s ch chw h ɂ''' /f θ s s{{ret}} x xʷ h ʔ/
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| * '''f dd zz ss w''' /v ð z z{{ret}} w/
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| ;Notes
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| * All consonants are longer and use more airflow than in English. In fact, so much airflow is used that final stops are released unlike in the language's monosyllabic tonal relatives.
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| === Vowels ===
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| Same as in Welsh, get from Proto-Celtic vowel inventory /i e a o u iː eː aː uː ai au oi ou/
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+ Vowel developments
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| ! colspan="10" | Stage
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| |-
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| ! I
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| ! II
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| ! III
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| ! IV
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| ! V
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| ! Vb
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| ! VI
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| ! VII
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| ! VIII
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| ! IX
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| |-
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| | colspan="10" | ''*a''
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| |-
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| | colspan="10" | ''*e''
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| |-
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| | colspan="6" | ''*i''
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| | colspan="5" | ''*ɪ''
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| |-
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| | colspan="7" | ''*o''
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| | colspan="3" | ''*o'', ''*ʉ''
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| |-
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| | colspan="7" | ''*u''
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| | colspan="3" | ''*u'', ''*ʉ''
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| |-
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| | colspan="4" | ''*ā''
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| | colspan="5" | ''*ɔ̄''
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| | ''*ɔ''
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| |-
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| | colspan="8" | ''*ē''
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| | colspan="2" | ''*ui''
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| |-
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| | colspan="9" | ''*ī''
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| | colspan="2" | ''*i''
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| |-
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| | colspan="2" | ''*ō''
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| | colspan="3" | ''*ū''
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| | colspan="4" | ''*ǖ''
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| | ''*ü''
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| |-
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| | ''*ū''
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| | colspan="4" | ''*ǖ''
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| | colspan="4" | ''*ī''
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| | ''*i''
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| |-
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| | colspan="3" | ''*ai''
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| | colspan="5" | ''*ɛ̄''
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| | colspan="2" | ''*oi''
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| |-
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| | colspan="4" | ''*au''
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| | colspan="5" | ''*ɔ̄''
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| | ''*ɔ''
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| |}
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| === Stress ===
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| Stress is consistently penultimate.
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| == Grammar ==
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| "Colloquial Welsh with classifiers"
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| === Nouns ===
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| As in reconstructed Proto-Trans-Sarnathian, most nouns have an unmarked form and a marked form (called the ''singulative'' for sake of convenience) that is only used for indefinite singular nouns. Like Welsh plurals, the singulative is unpredictable and is marked with a suffix (such as ''-u'', ''-ob'', ''-ol'', ''-(y)lch''), vowel changes, or both.
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| For the definite article, the appropriate classifier is used, except for inalienably possessed nouns; the number is marked on the classifier.
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| Mass nouns and certain nouns for blood relatives have no singulative form, e.g. ''tz{{2}}af'' 'water', ''mam'' '(specific person's) mother' and ''tad'' '(specific person's) father'.
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| ==== List of classifiers ====
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| * sg. ''dyn'', pl. ''bôl'': people
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| * sg. ''wy'', pl. ''wng'': round objects
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| * ''lly'': mass nouns
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| * sg. ''rhwng'', pl. ''rhyngi'': non-blood social relationships
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| * sg. ''pry'', pl. ''yni'': abstractions
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| * sg. ''un'', pl. ''au'': generic classifier
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| * sg. ''gang'', pl. ''goed'': plants, sticks or tree-like objects
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| ==== Personal inflection of classifiers ====
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| ==== Alienable possession ====
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| Alienable possession uses possessed classifiers:
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| ''rhwng ɂotɂalab rhyngoch'' (CLF AGT-love CLF-1SG) or ''rhyngoch ɂotɂalab'' (CLF-1SG AGT-love) 'my lover'
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| ==== Inalienable possession ====
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| mam-och (or just mam) 'my mother', tad-och (or just tad) 'my father', ...
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| (No classifier is used for blood relations)
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| <!-- Avoid tsarn- -->
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| === Numerals ===
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| There is no isolated word for "one". Counting uses a word ''cwyz'' that was formerly "once/an occurrence" (cf. Slavic '''raz''' dva tri...). Otherwise, the singulative form of the noun in question is used, when necessary emphasized with ''ɂazz'' 'only'.
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| === TAM auxiliaries ===
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| Inflected for person and number (inherited from Proto-Trans-Sarnathian)
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| * Present tense: 1sg tsoi, 2sg tsw, 3sg tso, 1pl tsol, 2pl tson, 3pl tsor
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| * Present emphatic / relative?:
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| ** Lai chi ...
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| ** Law mi ...
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| ** La bo ...
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| ** Lal lli ...
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| ** Lawn no...
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| ** Lar rhi...
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| === Verbs ===
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| The word order is "T1 S T2 V O":
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| * ''Tso tadoch llos tzɂaf'' (is_located father-1SG drink.VN water) = My father is drinking water
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| Tso Mam belwyng rhaw2 'Mom is teaching children'
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| Tso Mam ew 2odbelwyng (is_at Mom among AGT-teach) 'Mom is a teacher'
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| === Is-a ===
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| Tsoi chi'w tacwɂynyll (AUX 1SG among father_in_general) 'I am a father'
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| === Is-the ===
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| Chi lym tadal (1SG who_is father-2SG) / Tadal lai chi 'I am your father'
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| === Clausal syntax ===
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