Vethari: Difference between revisions
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Vethari is the official language of Vetharin, a kingdom located north in the Vetharin Peninsula, that goes off the northeast coast of India into the Bay of Bengal. It’s the mother tongue from 63.5 million people, that is 96% of the country’s population of 66.1 million, although it is not spoken so much on the west and south regions. On the other hand, it is spoken at a certain level on the other side of the border with India, with around 2 million speakers there. During World War II, a massive immigration from Vethari occurred, scattering speaker all across the world, but specially on England, Brazil, United States and Spain. | Vethari is the official language of Vetharin, a kingdom located north in the Vetharin Peninsula, that goes off the northeast coast of India into the Bay of Bengal. It’s the mother tongue from 63.5 million people, that is 96% of the country’s population of 66.1 million, although it is not spoken so much on the west and south regions. On the other hand, it is spoken at a certain level on the other side of the border with India, with around 2 million speakers there. During World War II, a massive immigration from Vethari occurred, scattering speaker all across the world, but specially on England, Brazil, United States and Spain. | ||
Vethari has only 2 dialects, although there is a standard form, that is the one taught in the schools and also the one that it is studied in this article. Vethari uses the Vethari script, that evolved from the Brahmi script. It is an abugida, like its ancestor. A standard romanization was made in 1898 and it used on guides, grammar books and transcriptions. The romanization is used on this article for being easier to understand. On certain places of Vetharin, people write with the Latin alphabet. Vethari is an agglutinative, Fluid-S Active-Stative morphosyntactically aligned language. | Vethari has only 2 dialects, although there is a standard form, that is the one taught in the schools and also the one that it is studied in this article. Vethari uses the Vethari script, that evolved from the Brahmi script. It is an abugida, like its ancestor. A standard romanization was made in 1898 and it used on guides, grammar books and transcriptions. The romanization is used on this article for being easier to understand. On certain places of Vetharin, people write with the Latin alphabet. Vethari is an agglutinative, Verb-Framing, Subject-Prominent, Fluid-S Active-Stative morphosyntactically aligned language. | ||
== Phonology == | == Phonology == | ||
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=== Vowels === | === Vowels === | ||
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| '''à''' /ɒ/ | | '''à''' /ɒ/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Phonotactics === | === Phonotactics === | ||
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=== Idiomatic Phrases === | === Idiomatic Phrases === | ||
Vethari is a largely idiomatic language. For foreign speakers, even though they understand every single word, it might be difficult to understand its meaning. for example, instead of saying “Cheese!” when taking a photo, people say ''Reutthisimagtai/Foutthisimagtai emonu'', literally “Show me half”, from the smile being like a ''half-circle''. Other example is Vimomasumu?: literally “Can’t you roar?”(ironically). Equivalent to “It’s all Greek to me”. | |||
=== Swadesh List === | === Swadesh List === | ||
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: 2SG.AGT-IND-cry-NEG | : 2SG.AGT-IND-cry-NEG | ||
: Don’t cry! | : Don’t cry! | ||
==== Adjectives ==== | |||
For adjectives, there are no articles and they are the same for singular and plural. For the comparative, the structure “i rre ?” is used, with ‘?’ Being the adjective. For the superlative, the structure “sopa ?” is used. | |||
: Lyacyisurileirar i rre rsi. | |||
: He is taller than him. | |||
: Licyisurinor sopa girai thipiko tacyigusu piu tacyifurainoy gonu! | |||
: He is the smartest student I’ve ever met! | |||
There is also the Elative/Absolute Superlative, which means (very …) in English. They are irregular, that means, they are different from the normal superlative, positive and comparative. | |||
: Licyisuri rsi. | |||
: He is tall. | |||
: Licyisuri orsau. | |||
: He is very tall. | |||
: Licyisuri ogo. | |||
: He is evil. | |||
: Licyisuri vigo. | |||
: He is wicked/very evil. | |||
There is also the “equal comparative”, that means “as … as”. It uses the structure “olu ?” | |||
: Luicyisuriliy olu rsi. | |||
: He is as tall as him. | |||
For the negative, special constructions are used. For the comparative, “rura ?” is used to mean “less ? than”. For the superlative, “ata ?” it means “the least ?” and for the Absolute Superlative, “ror ?”, that stands for “the least ?” again, but it works the same way as “very ?”, but in the negative. | |||
==== Noun Incorporation ==== | ==== Noun Incorporation ==== | ||
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=== Derivation === | === Derivation === | ||
Words can be derived into other parts of speech with the following suffixes: | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| | |||
! colspan="4"|From... | |||
|- | |||
! Noun | |||
! Verb | |||
! Adjective<br>or Determiner | |||
! Adverb | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4"|To... | |||
! Noun | |||
| - | |||
| ''-gi'' | |||
| ''-gas'' | |||
| ''-gko'' | |||
|- | |||
! Verb | |||
| ''-oku'' (to be X, temporarily)<br>''-iku'' (to do an X-like thing) | |||
| - | |||
| ''-aitiku''<br>''-fitiku'' (to become X) | |||
| ''-rruku'' | |||
|- | |||
! Adjective<br>or Determiner | |||
| ''-was'' | |||
| ''-iku'' | |||
| - | |||
| ''-ryekhli'' | |||
|- | |||
! Adverb | |||
| ''-prura'' | |||
| ''-wakku'' | |||
| ''-uri'' | |||
| - | |||
|} | |||
For the verbs specified endings, remember that not always the verbs that end that way mean that they have derived from another grammatical category. | |||
== Syntax == | == Syntax == | ||
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* [[Naythiri]] | * [[Naythiri]] | ||
* [[Oralathi]] | * [[Oralathi]] | ||