Common Elvish: Difference between revisions

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: ''qaúl'' "speech" > ''QUË'' "speech"
: ''qaúl'' "speech" > ''QUË'' "speech"


: ''maúr'' > NÚR "death"
: ''maúr'' > ''NÚR'' "death"


With the article open syllables are long and closed syllables short:
With the article open syllables are long and closed syllables short:
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:  ''i elbi '' "the person" > ''u orgu'' "the persons"
:  ''i elbi '' "the person" > ''u orgu'' "the persons"


Grade
Grade:


: ''u '' "it's him / he"
: ''u quënda'' "he is the language" / ''quënda u'' "he, the language"


: ''ou'' "he / he (obj.)"
: ''ou quëndaë'' "he [X]-s the language", ''quëndaë ou'' "he is [X]-ed by the language"


: ''óua'' "from him / to him"
: ''óua quëndáëa'' "the language of his", ''quëndáëa óua'' "the language to him"


Level:
Masculine agreement:  


: ''ou bel'' "he speaks" / ''ei gor'' "she speaks"
: ''nu belen'' "I am a speaker" / ''belen nu'' "I, the speaker"
: ''angu belein'' "I speak" / ''belein angu'' "I am spoken"
: ''arcnu beléian'' "a speaker of mine" / ''beléian arcnu'' "a speaker to me"  


Feminine agreement:
: ''mi golon'' "I am a speaker" / ''golon mi'' "I, the speaker"
: ''ambi goloun'' "I speak" / ''goloun ambi'' "I am spoken"
: ''dalpmi golóuan'' "a speaker of mine"  / ''golóuan dalpmi'' "a speaker to me"






''QUË'' > ''be'' / ''go'' "speak"






dalpmi / darknu


i > i-ie > i-i-e


Verb crescence


e > i-ia > e-e-a >
quëndáëa /kʷɨndaːɨ̯a/


a/ë > aë > áëa


m > mb > lpm
n > nd > ∅
n > ng > rkn
l > lb > mbl
r > rd > ndr


dalpmi / darcnu


i (n) > e-i (#) > a-e-i (#)
i (n) > e-i (#) > a-e-i (#)
i (v) > i-e > i-e-a
i (v) > i-e > i-e-a
e (v) >  
e (v) >  


P > P-L > P-L-T > P-L-T-N
P > P-L > P-L-T > P-L-T-N
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M > M-L-N  > M-L-N-D
M > M-L-N  > M-L-N-D
D-R-P-
D-R-P-
u húo miliada
ani > ynuda
eri irida
iru > irida
irda
irida
ni
tu > lu > l


u><i, e><o, a><y
u><i, e><o, a><y
Line 187: Line 175:


i > ei > eia
i > ei > eia
''ou
orx
For the singular, add a colored vowel:
:''ALB'' "human / elf" > ''alba'' "human / elf"
:''NÚR-'' "death" > ''núru'' "death"


If a pure root ends in a vowel, the singular is formed by adding ''-RV'' (canonic ''-l''). If the last vowel is ''i'' or ''u'', however, one adds ''-e'' or ''-o'' instead.  
If a pure root ends in a vowel, the singular is formed by adding ''-RV'' (canonic ''-l''). If the last vowel is ''i'' or ''u'', however, one adds ''-e'' or ''-o'' instead.  
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If a suffix is added to the root, there may be two singulars; one passive ending in ''-a'' (Adamic ''-a''') and one active in ''-ë''.
If a suffix is added to the root, there may be two singulars; one passive ending in ''-a'' (Adamic ''-a''') and one active in ''-ë''.


:''QUE-'' + ''-n-'' [passive nominal affix] > ''quenda'' "speech" / ''quendë'' "speaker"
:''QUË-'' + ''-n-'' [passive nominal affix] > ''quënda'' "speech" / ''quendë'' "speaker"
 
 
 
 


"


quoro


The personal pronouns:
The personal pronouns:


: ''ny'' "I", ''my'' "we"
: ''nu'' "I (masc.)", ''mi'' "I (fem.)"
 
: ''luo, lie'' "you (sin.), ''rie'' "you (plu.)"
 
: ''ou, ei'' "he, she", ''ū, ī'' "they"
 
 
 
The copula:
 
:''eá'' "to be" (canonic ''ā- "to be")
 
: ''il alba eri hú''  "the man is a dog" (Adamic ''avâla iru kufán'', Canonic ''vāh hu'')
 
:''il alba firi'' "the man is dead"  (Adamic ''avâla murá-su'', Canonic ''vāh muris'')
 
The construct state:


:''hú il elbi'' "the man's dog"
: ''luo, rie'' "you (sin.)"


'
: ''ou, ei'' "he, she"
 
LÁ- > lámba "tongue", lámbë "language"
 
*irregular extension; compare ''gásca'' "throat"
ULU- "to pour" from hua- "to moisten"  


lunda "flood", lundë "rain"
lunda "flood", lundë "rain"
''hendë'', ''hendi'' "eye, eyes"
húa (acc.)
''quen'' "I speak"
Quendar, quendi
ni ben, embë bemmë
ae bes, lye berrë
il beli, endë belembar
e-i [3p]
Sound change: /i/ > /e/, /u/ > /i/ [not used in canonic forms]
Reduxtion:
Death: NÚR- (n.), PHIR- (adj.), (NGÚ-)
Sound: QUE- (n.), HIR- (adj.), BE- (
''ben'' "I speak", ''bel'' "you speak", ''bes'' "he/she speaks"
''vāl'' > ''alfu''
''hul'' > ''húo''
''qul'' > ''quele''
DARK ''húo'' "dog"
BRIGHT ''alba'' "human"


==Sound Laws==
==Sound Laws==