Etzeá: Difference between revisions

Line 41:

|-

! colspan=2 | Plosive

| p b || t d || || c ~~⟨ty⟩~~ ɟ ~~⟨dy⟩~~ || k g

| '''p''' /p/ · '''b''' /b/|| '''t''' /t/ · '''d''' /d/ || || '''ty''' /c/ · '''dy, (gy)''' /ɟ/ || '''k''' /k/ · '''g''' /ɡ/

|-

! colspan=2 | Nasal

| m || n || || ɲ ~~⟨ñ⟩~~ || ŋ ~~⟨ng⟩~~

| '''m''' /m/ || '''n''' /n/ || || '''ñ''' /ɲ/ || '''ng''' /ŋ/

|-

!colspan=2 | Tap/trill

| || ɾ ~~⟨r⟩ ·~~ r || || ||

| || '''r''' /ɾ/, /r/ || || ||

|-

! colspan=2 | Lateral approximants

| || l || || ʎ ~~⟨ll⟩~~ ||

| || '''l''' /l/ || || '''ll''' /ʎ/ ||

|-

! rowspan=2 | Fricatives

! pulmonic

| || s z || ʃ ~~⟨c⟩~~ ʒ ~~⟨j⟩~~ || rowspan=2 | ç ~~⟨ch⟩~~ || x ~~⟨h⟩~~

| || '''s''' /s/ · '''z''' /z/ || '''c''' /ʃ/ · '''j''' /ʒ/ || rowspan=2 | '''ch''' /ç/ || '''h''' /x/

|-

! palatalised

| || sʲ ~~⟨ss⟩~~ zʲ ~~⟨zz⟩~~ || ||

| || '''ss''' /sʲ/ · '''zz''' /zʲ/ || ||

|-

! colspan=2 | Affricates

| pf~~~pfʷ ⟨ŵ⟩~~ || t͡s ~~⟨ts⟩~~ d͡z ~~⟨tz⟩~~ || || (t͡ɕ~~) (~~d͡ʑ) ||

| '''ŵ''' /p̪f~p̪fʷ/ || '''ts''' /t͡s/ · '''tz''' /d͡z/ || || /t͡ɕ/ · /d͡ʑ/||

|-

! colspan=2 | Semivowel

| w || || || j ~~⟨y⟩~~ ||

| /w/ || || || '''y''' /j/ ||

|}

⟨th⟩ is a digraph that was once used to represent [[Moshurian]] /ð/. Modern speakers pronounce ⟨th⟩ as /s/.

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/ɟ/ is generally written as ⟨dy⟩ and is traditionally contrastive with /gj/, written ⟨gy⟩; however, this distinction does not occur in many non-standard dialects and colloquial speech. The distinction, called ''gyâdyol'' (<small>With distinction:</small> [[Help:IPA|[gjaːɟol]]]; <small>Without distinction:</small> [[Help:IPA|[ɟaːɟol]]]), can also inadvertently redevelop through [[w:Hypercorrection|hypercorrection]]; some speakers in Turñma, traditionally known for a lack of ''gyâdyol'', have shown to pronounce /gj/ as affricate /[[w:Voiced palatal affricate|ɟʝ]]/, especially in initial positions, so ''gyâdyol'' may be pronounced [[Help:IPA|[ɟʝaːɟol]]].

===Vowels===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 |-
 ! colspan=2 | Plosive
-| p b || t d || || c ⟨ty⟩ ɟ ⟨dy⟩ || k g
+| '''p''' /p/ · '''b''' /b/|| '''t''' /t/ · '''d''' /d/ || || '''ty''' /c/ · '''dy, (gy)''' /ɟ/ || '''k''' /k/ · '''g''' /ɡ/
 |-
 ! colspan=2 | Nasal
-| m || n || || ɲ ⟨ñ⟩ || ŋ ⟨ng⟩
+| '''m''' /m/ || '''n''' /n/ || || '''ñ''' /ɲ/ || '''ng''' /ŋ/
 |-
 !colspan=2 | Tap/trill
-| || ɾ ⟨r⟩ · r || || ||
+| || '''r''' /ɾ/, /r/ || || ||
 |-
 ! colspan=2 | Lateral approximants
-| || l || || ʎ ⟨ll⟩ ||
+| || '''l''' /l/ || || '''ll''' /ʎ/ ||
 |-
 ! rowspan=2 | Fricatives
 ! pulmonic
-| || s z || ʃ ⟨c⟩ ʒ ⟨j⟩ || rowspan=2 | ç ⟨ch⟩ || x ⟨h⟩
+| || '''s''' /s/ · '''z''' /z/ || '''c''' /ʃ/ · '''j''' /ʒ/ || rowspan=2 | '''ch''' /ç/ || '''h''' /x/
 |-
 ! palatalised
-| || sʲ ⟨ss⟩ zʲ ⟨zz⟩ || ||
+| || '''ss''' /sʲ/ · '''zz''' /zʲ/ || ||
 |-
 ! colspan=2 | Affricates
-| pf~pfʷ ⟨ŵ⟩ || t͡s ⟨ts⟩ d͡z ⟨tz⟩ || || (t͡ɕ) (d͡ʑ) ||
+| '''ŵ''' /p̪f~p̪fʷ/ || '''ts''' /t͡s/ · '''tz''' /d͡z/ || || /t͡ɕ/ · /d͡ʑ/||
 |-
 ! colspan=2 | Semivowel
-| w || || || j ⟨y⟩ ||
+| /w/ || || || '''y''' /j/ ||
 |}
 ⟨th⟩ is a digraph that was once used to represent [[Moshurian]] /ð/. Modern speakers pronounce ⟨th⟩ as /s/.
@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 /ɟ/ is generally written as ⟨dy⟩ and is traditionally contrastive with /gj/, written ⟨gy⟩; however, this distinction does not occur in many non-standard dialects and colloquial speech. The distinction, called ''gyâdyol'' (<small>With distinction:</small> [[Help:IPA|[gjaːɟol]]]; <small>Without distinction:</small> [[Help:IPA|[ɟaːɟol]]]), can also inadvertently redevelop through [[w:Hypercorrection|hypercorrection]]; some speakers in Turñma, traditionally known for a lack of ''gyâdyol'', have shown to pronounce /gj/ as affricate /[[w:Voiced palatal affricate|ɟʝ]]/, especially in initial positions, so ''gyâdyol'' may be pronounced [[Help:IPA|[ɟʝaːɟol]]].
 ===Vowels===
 {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"