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| Line 2,453: |
Line 2,453: |
| and ''datasyú irut dîtis ira saíkat abūlá'', which although both signify "the philosopher reads the book in the library", only the former implies the action of reading occurs there, whereas the latter implies the book was in the library aforementioned. | | and ''datasyú irut dîtis ira saíkat abūlá'', which although both signify "the philosopher reads the book in the library", only the former implies the action of reading occurs there, whereas the latter implies the book was in the library aforementioned. |
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| ===Pronominal Constructions=== | | ===Attributive Construction=== |
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| | attributive construction: no use of the article |
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| | 'ûvil iru mur saíkat "the man is the dead philosopher" |
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| | 'ûvil iru murá "the man is the dead one" |
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| | 'ûvil mur-us OR 'ûliru mur |
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| [...]
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| ''ûliru murasu' "the man is dead"
| | iru murá-su "he is the dead one" |
| ''ûvil iru murá'' "the man is the dead one" ... ''ûl iru muraí'' "the man being dead"
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| as ''murá'' bears no article in the first case...
| | mur-us OR asu mur "he is dead" |
| muráciru "the dead one"
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| compare the use of the possessive pronoun in ''mûm siru'' "his mother" with ''mûm simiru ûl māfrá'' "the man whose mother died"
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| syntactic implications of pronouns: ''mûm sima ûliru māfrá'', ''mûm simiru ûl māfrá'' , and ''mûmim miru ûl māfrá'' are all equivalent to "the man's mother died". ...not in construct state because of the possessive pronoun
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| | ===Alternative Constructions=== |
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| | ''ûliru murasu' "the man is the dead one" OR''ûvil iru murá'' "the man is the dead one" |
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| Unlike nouns, pronouns don't require articles (ones says ''anu valár'' "I am a person" and not ''*anu iru valár''). Also, when in construct state, they become clitics, either attached to nouns or the verbs they are objects/predicates of:
| | compare the use of the possessive pronoun in ''mûm suruci'' "his mother" with ''mûm sumiru ’ûl māfrá'' "the man whose mother died" |
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| {{interlinear|lang=fi|number=(1)
| | syntactic implications of pronouns: ''mûm suma ’ûliru māfrá'', ''mûm sumiru ’ûl māfrá'' , and ''mûmim muru ’ûl māfrá'' are all equivalent to "the man's mother died". ...not in construct state because of the possessive pronoun |
| |top= דתס ר בבלת
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| |דתס ר בבלת
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| |dts r bblt
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| |dîts ira bābál-at
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| |writing.{{gcl|INHU|inanimate human noun}} the.{{gcl|ACC|accusative case}} book.{{gcl|VPA|passive voice verb}}.{{gcl|PERF|perfective}}.{{gcl|3S|third-person singular}}-you.{{gcl|CONS|construct state}}
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| |"The book was read by you"
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| }}
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| {{interlinear|lang=fi|number=(2)
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| |top= ר סכת קסלת
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| |ר סכת קסלת
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| |r skt qslt
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| |ira saíkat āqilá-ta
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| |the.{{gcl|ERG|ergative case}} philosophy.{{gcl|INTORG|intellectual organism noun}} vision.{{gcl|VAC|active voice verb}}.{{gcl|PERF|perfective}}.{{gcl|3S|third-person singular}}-you.{{gcl|CONS|construct state}}
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| |"The philosopher saw you"
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| }}
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| Furthermore, there is an exceptional construction which always involves pronouns; being the case when something is attributed to a noun.
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| {{interlinear|lang=fi|number=(2)
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| |top= מפרנ
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| |מפרנ
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| |mfrn
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| |murá-nu
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| |death.{{gcl|ADJ|adjective}}-I
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| |"I am dead"
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| }}
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| {{interlinear|lang=fi|number=(2)
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| |top= סכת מפרס
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| |סכת מפרס
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| |skt mfrs
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| |saíkat murá-su
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| |philosophy.{{gcl|INTORG|intellectual organism noun}} death.{{gcl|ADJ|adjective}}-they
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| |"the philosopher is dead"
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| }}
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| ===Subordinate Clauses=== | | ===Subordinate Clauses=== |