Adamic Code: Difference between revisions

Line 201:

** /k, g, (kˀ), (gˀ), h, ɦ, s, z/, part of the KIHS-type, is a major subgroup composed by plosive velars, (quasi-implosive emphatics), fricative glottals, and fricative sibilants.

*** /k, g/, part of the KI-type, represent the velar series of older paleolithic codes.

**** /k/ may be realized as [~~t͡ʃ~~] before front vowels.

**** /k/ may be realized as [c] before front vowels.

**** /g/ may be realized as [~~d͡ʒ~~] before front vowels.

**** /g/ may be realized as [ɟ] before front vowels.

*** /(kˀ), (gˀ)/ are also considered part of the KI-type, suffering the same phonological effects as their counterparts.

**** /kˀ/ may be realized as [kʼ] or [kʰ], or even as [~~t͡ʃʼ~~] or [~~t͡ʃʰ~~] before front vowels.

**** /kˀ/ may be realized as [kʼ] or [kʰ], or even as [cʼ] or [cʰ] before front vowels.

**** /gˀ/ may be realized as [ɠ] or [gʱ], or even as [~~d͡ʒʱ~~] before front vowels.

**** /gˀ/ may be realized as [ɠ] or [gʱ], or even as [ɟʱ] before front vowels.

*** /h, ɦ/, part of the HI-type, act as reductions of the laryngeal series of older paleolithic codes.

**** /h/ ranges from [h], [ħ], and [χ] to [x]; its Canonic allophone is [kʷ].

**** /ɦ/ ranges from [ɦ], [ʕ], and [ʁ] to [ɣ]; its Canonic allophone is [gʷ].

*** /s, z/, part of the SI-type, descend from the sibilant series of older paleolithic codes.

**** /s/ may be realized as [ʃ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [kʲ].

**** /s/ may be realized as [ʃ] or [ɕ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [kʲ].

**** /z/ may be realized as [ʒ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [gʲ].

**** /z/ may be realized as [ʒ] or [ʑ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [gʲ].

~~[...]~~

** /p, b, (pˀ), (bˀ), n, m, f, v/, part of the KUHS-type, is a major subgroup composed by plosive labials, (quasi-implosive emphatics), nasal dentals/labials, and fricative labio-dentals.

*** /p, b/, part of the KU-type, represent the labial series of older paleolithic codes.

**** /p/ may be realized as [...] before ~~back~~ vowels.

**** /p/ may be realized as '''[...]''' before front vowels.

**** /b/ may be realized as [...] before ~~back~~ vowels.

**** /b/ may be realized as '''[...]''' before front vowels.

*** /(kˀ), (gˀ)/ are also considered part of the KI-type, suffering the same phonological effects as their counterparts.

*** /(pˀ), (bˀ)/ are also considered part of the KU-type, suffering the same phonological effects as their counterparts.

**** /kˀ/ may be realized as [kʼ] or [kʰ], or even as [~~t͡ʃʼ~~] or [~~t͡ʃʰ~~] before front vowels.

**** /pˀ/ may be realized as [pʼ] or [pʰ], or even as [...ʼ] or [...ʰ] before front vowels.

**** /gˀ/ may be realized as [ɠ] or [gʱ], or even as [~~d͡ʒʱ~~] before front vowels.

**** /bˀ/ may be realized as [ɓ] or [bʱ], or even as [...ʱ] before front vowels.

*** /h, ɦ/, part of the HI-type, act as reductions of the ~~laryngeal~~ series of older paleolithic codes.

*** /n, m/, part of the HU-type, act as reductions of the nasal series of older paleolithic codes.

**** /h/ ranges from [h], [ħ], and [χ] to [x]; its Canonic allophone is [kʷ].

**** /n̥/ ranges from [n̥], [n], [ŋ̥], [ŋ], and [ɲ̥] to [ɲ]; its Canonic allophone is [pʷ].

**** /ɦ/ ranges from [ɦ], [ʕ], and [ʁ] to [ɣ]; its Canonic allophone is [gʷ].

**** /m/ ranges from [m̥], [m], and [ɱ̥] to [ɱ]; its Canonic allophone is [bʷ].

*** /s, z/, part of the SI-type, ~~descend~~ from ~~the sibilant series of~~ older paleolithic codes.

*** /f, v/, part of the SU-type, are innovations, not descending from older paleolithic codes.

**** /s/ may be realized as [ʃ] ~~before front vowels~~; its Canonic allophone is [kʲ].

**** /f/ may be realized as [ɸ] or even [β]; its Canonic allophone is [pʲ].

**** /z/ may be realized as [ʒ] ~~before front vowels~~; its Canonic allophone is [gʲ].

**** /v/ may be realized as [θ] or even [ð]; its Canonic allophone is [bʲ].

[...]

** /k, g, (kˀ), (gˀ), h, ɦ, s, z/, part of the KIHS-type, is a major subgroup composed by plosive velars, (quasi-implosive emphatics), fricative glottals, and fricative sibilants.

@@ Line 201: / Line 201: @@
 ** /k, g, (kˀ), (gˀ), h, ɦ, s, z/, part of the KIHS-type, is a major subgroup composed  by plosive velars, (quasi-implosive emphatics), fricative glottals, and fricative sibilants.
 *** /k, g/, part of the KI-type, represent the velar series of older paleolithic codes.
-**** /k/ may be realized as [t͡ʃ] before front vowels.
+**** /k/ may be realized as [c] before front vowels.
-**** /g/ may be realized as [d͡ʒ] before front vowels.
+**** /g/ may be realized as [ɟ] before front vowels.
 *** /(kˀ), (gˀ)/ are also considered part of the KI-type, suffering the same phonological effects as their counterparts.
-**** /kˀ/ may be realized as [kʼ] or [kʰ], or even as [t͡ʃʼ] or [t͡ʃʰ] before front vowels.
+**** /kˀ/ may be realized as [kʼ] or [kʰ], or even as [cʼ] or [cʰ] before front vowels.
-**** /gˀ/ may be realized as [ɠ] or [gʱ], or even as [d͡ʒʱ] before front vowels.
+**** /gˀ/ may be realized as [ɠ] or [gʱ], or even as [ɟʱ] before front vowels.
 *** /h, ɦ/, part of the HI-type, act as reductions of the laryngeal series of older paleolithic codes.
 **** /h/ ranges from [h], [ħ], and [χ] to [x]; its Canonic allophone is [kʷ].
 **** /ɦ/ ranges from [ɦ], [ʕ], and [ʁ] to [ɣ]; its Canonic allophone is [gʷ].
 *** /s, z/, part of the SI-type, descend from the sibilant series of older paleolithic codes.
-**** /s/ may be realized as [ʃ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [kʲ].
+**** /s/ may be realized as [ʃ] or [ɕ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [kʲ].
-**** /z/ may be realized as [ʒ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [gʲ].
+**** /z/ may be realized as [ʒ] or [ʑ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [gʲ].
-[...]
 ** /p, b, (pˀ), (bˀ), n, m, f, v/, part of the KUHS-type, is a major subgroup composed  by plosive labials, (quasi-implosive emphatics), nasal dentals/labials, and fricative labio-dentals.
 *** /p, b/, part of the KU-type, represent the labial series of older paleolithic codes.
-**** /p/ may be realized as [...] before back vowels.
+**** /p/ may be realized as '''[...]''' before front vowels.
-**** /b/ may be realized as [...] before back vowels.
+**** /b/ may be realized as '''[...]''' before front vowels.
-*** /(kˀ), (gˀ)/ are also considered part of the KI-type, suffering the same phonological effects as their counterparts.
+*** /(pˀ), (bˀ)/ are also considered part of the KU-type, suffering the same phonological effects as their counterparts.
-**** /kˀ/ may be realized as [kʼ] or [kʰ], or even as [t͡ʃʼ] or [t͡ʃʰ] before front vowels.
+**** /pˀ/ may be realized as [pʼ] or [pʰ], or even as [...ʼ] or [...ʰ] before front vowels.
-**** /gˀ/ may be realized as [ɠ] or [gʱ], or even as [d͡ʒʱ] before front vowels.
+**** /bˀ/ may be realized as [ɓ] or [bʱ], or even as [...ʱ] before front vowels.
-*** /h, ɦ/, part of the HI-type, act as reductions of the laryngeal series of older paleolithic codes.
+*** /n, m/, part of the HU-type, act as reductions of the nasal series of older paleolithic codes.
-**** /h/ ranges from [h], [ħ], and [χ] to [x]; its Canonic allophone is [kʷ].
+**** /n̥/ ranges from [n̥], [n], [ŋ̥], [ŋ], and [ɲ̥] to [ɲ]; its Canonic allophone is [pʷ].
-**** /ɦ/ ranges from [ɦ], [ʕ], and [ʁ] to [ɣ]; its Canonic allophone is [gʷ].
+**** /m/ ranges from [m̥], [m], and [ɱ̥] to [ɱ]; its Canonic allophone is [bʷ].
-*** /s, z/, part of the SI-type, descend from the sibilant series of older paleolithic codes.
+*** /f, v/, part of the SU-type, are innovations, not descending from older paleolithic codes.
-**** /s/ may be realized as [ʃ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [kʲ].
+**** /f/ may be realized as [ɸ] or even [β]; its Canonic allophone is [pʲ].
-**** /z/ may be realized as [ʒ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [gʲ].
+**** /v/ may be realized as [θ] or even [ð]; its Canonic allophone is [bʲ].
 [...]
 ** /k, g, (kˀ), (gˀ), h, ɦ, s, z/, part of the KIHS-type, is a major subgroup composed  by plosive velars, (quasi-implosive emphatics), fricative glottals, and fricative sibilants.