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| ==Historical phonology== | | ==Historical phonology== |
| ===Proto-Gamedan to Proto-Wiobian===
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| *PGam {{recon|''h-''}}, {{recon|''ʔ-''}} > {{recon|0}}
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| *PGam {{recon|''z''}} > {{recon|''h''}}
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| *PGam {{recon|''s''}} > {{recon|''ts''}}
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| *Lateral obstruents become palatal obstruents
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| *"Grimm's law"
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| **PGam plain stops become fricatives
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| **PGam voiced stops become aspirated stops
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| **PGam ejective stops become voiced stops
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| ===Proto-Wiobian to Classical Wiobian===
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| *Uvulars debuccalize
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| **Plain uvular stops /q ɢ/ become /ʔ/
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| **Plain uvular fricative /χ/ merges with /x/ into /x~h/
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| **Exception: {{recon|''n''}} + C[+uvular] yields Wiobian ''ng'' - This is why final ''-ng'' is common in Wiobian
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| *kʷ qʷ > kʷ, xʷ χʷ > xʷ, gʷ ɢʷ > w
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| <poem>
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| Wiobian Consonant Shift:
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| p > f / V_V,
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| p > f / V_C
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| p > pf / #_, {l,m,n,r}_
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| pp > pf
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| t > ss or ß / V_
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| t > tz or z / #_, {l,m,n,r}_
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| tt > tz
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| k > ch / V_
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| bb > pp /
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| d > t
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| þ > d
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| f > b / V_V, l_
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| </poem>
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