I Kronurum: Difference between revisions

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====Grammatical case====

{| class="wikitable

|-

| • Nominative

|-

|The nominative case marks both the subject of an intransitive verb phrase and the agent of a transitive verb phrase. It is morphologically unmarked, recognized as a null-morpheme (written as ∅; glossed: NOM). The nominative singular form, being the least marked possible, is the citation form of a noun.

|-

| • Accusative

|-

| The accusative case marks the object/patient of a transitive verb and the . It is morphologically marked by the proposition tró (glossed: ACC.I); traditionally, a null-morpheme (∅, glossed: ACC.II) is marked as suffixed to the noun, probably by analogy with the genitive marking. The preposition tró triggers a second degree mutation in the following onset (see Onset mutations above).

|-

| • Genitive

|-

| The genitive case conveys the following meanings: origin (procedence, ablative and partitive genitive), posession (possessive genitive), topicality (“x-gen” → “about x”), [...].

'''~~· Genitive~~'''

It is morphologically marked by the preposition ó (glossed GEN.I), which presents an excrecent r before a vowel, and the suffix -(e)n (glossed GEN.II); e.g. ór okren /ˈʔu̹ɾ ʔo̞.kɾe̞n/. The preposition ó triggers a first degree mutation in the following onset (see Onset mutations above).

Some older genitive compounds, however, do not display the onset mutation of the second element (which follows the genitive preposition). For instance, the word hissóhéuren /ˈhi.sːu̹.hɘ.ju.ɾe̞n/ should be rendered as **hissókéuren /ˈhi.sːu̹.kɘ.ju.ɾe̞n/ (i.e. „hiddenly worm“, crysalis). This is part of the Discrepance on onset mutations controversy.

|-

| • Dative

|-

| The dative case marks the theme argument of a distransitive verb phrase.

|-

| • Instrumental

|-

| The instrumental case has two basic functions: a plain instrumental marking for nouns of the inanimate and indefinite genders, and a commitative marking for animate nouns.

|-

| • Locative

|-

| The locative functions as a general locative and adessive locative. Locative phrases can be concatenated to specify a particular location within a broader location stated before (e.g. "''bághirliftó, héuraftó''“, "in the grove, by the river"; "''tr‘ostaftó, órostenaftó lugraftó''", "by him/her, in his/her hand").

|-

| • Allative

|-

| The allative marks, as a lative case, movement towards something. It can be used as a benefactive marker. With ditransitive verbs like "to inflict“, it marks the object/patient in stead of the accusative marker → «to.inflict {x}-DAT upon {Y}-ALL».

|-

|}

Some older genitive compounds do ''not'' display the onset mutation of the second element that follows the genitive preposition ''ór''. For instance ''hissóhéuren'' /ˈhi.sːu̹.hɘ.ju.ɾe̞n/ vs. **''hissókéuren'' /ˈhi.sːu̹.kɘ.ju.ɾe̞n/, (i.e. "hiddenly worm", ''crysalis''). This is part of the ''Discrepance on onset mutations controversy''.

=====Declension particles and affixes=====

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| {{sc|all}} || Allative || -(o)rion || -/o̞.ɾio̯n/ || suffix || ''þanerion'' /ˈθɑ.nɘ.ɾio̞n/ "homebound"

|}

====Grammatical number====

Here: singular vs. plural vs. collective

[Here: singular vs. plural vs. collective]

=====· Plural marking=====

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|-

|}

====Definiteness====

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- When used to mark the subject of a verb in the imperative voice, it serves the function of a ''vocative'' marker.

====Other forms====

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| Indefinite || {{sc|umlaut}}+''-isi'' || {´}(i)si || ‹´›-/isi/ || ‹''iarisi''›, ''sorrow'' (''little emptyness'')

|}

=====· Augmentatives=====

@@ Line 328: / Line 328: @@
 ====Grammatical case====
+{| class="wikitable
+|-
+| • Nominative
+|-
+|The nominative case marks both the subject of an intransitive verb phrase and the agent of a transitive verb phrase. It is morphologically unmarked, recognized as a null-morpheme (written as ∅; glossed: NOM). The nominative singular form, being the least marked possible, is the citation form of a noun.
+|-
+| • Accusative
+|-
+| The accusative case marks the object/patient of a transitive verb and the . It is morphologically marked by the proposition tró (glossed: ACC.I); traditionally, a null-morpheme (∅, glossed: ACC.II) is marked as suffixed to the noun, probably by analogy with the genitive marking. The preposition tró triggers a second degree mutation in the following onset (see Onset mutations above).
+|-
+| • Genitive
+|-
+| The genitive case conveys the following meanings: origin (procedence, ablative and partitive genitive), posession (possessive genitive), topicality (“x-gen” → “about x”), [...].
-'''· Genitive'''
+It is morphologically marked by the preposition ó (glossed GEN.I), which presents an excrecent r before a vowel, and the suffix -(e)n (glossed GEN.II); e.g. ór okren /ˈʔu̹ɾ ʔo̞.kɾe̞n/. The preposition ó triggers a first degree mutation in the following onset (see Onset mutations above).
+Some older genitive compounds, however, do not display the onset mutation of the second element (which follows the genitive preposition). For instance, the word hissóhéuren /ˈhi.sːu̹.hɘ.ju.ɾe̞n/ should be rendered as **hissókéuren /ˈhi.sːu̹.kɘ.ju.ɾe̞n/ (i.e. „hiddenly worm“, crysalis). This is part of the Discrepance on onset mutations controversy.
+|-
+| • Dative
+|-
+| The dative case marks the theme argument of a distransitive verb phrase.
+|-
+| • Instrumental
+|-
+| The instrumental case has two basic functions: a plain instrumental marking for nouns of the inanimate and indefinite genders, and a commitative marking for animate nouns.
+|-
+| • Locative
+|-
+| The locative functions as a general locative and adessive locative. Locative phrases can be concatenated to specify a particular location within a broader location stated before (e.g. "''bághirliftó, héuraftó''“, "in the grove, by the river"; "''tr‘ostaftó, órostenaftó lugraftó''", "by him/her, in his/her hand").
+|-
+| • Allative
+|-
+| The allative marks, as a lative case, movement towards something. It can be used as a benefactive marker. With ditransitive verbs like "to inflict“, it marks the object/patient in stead of the accusative marker → «to.inflict {x}-DAT upon {Y}-ALL».
+|-
+|}
-Some older genitive compounds do ''not'' display the onset mutation of the second element that follows the genitive preposition ''ór''. For instance ''hissóhéuren'' /ˈhi.sːu̹.hɘ.ju.ɾe̞n/ vs. **''hissókéuren'' /ˈhi.sːu̹.kɘ.ju.ɾe̞n/, (i.e. "hiddenly worm", ''crysalis''). This is part of the ''Discrepance on onset mutations controversy''.
 =====Declension particles and affixes=====
@@ Line 353: / Line 384: @@
 | {{sc|all}} || Allative || -(o)rion || -/o̞.ɾio̯n/ || suffix || ''þanerion'' /ˈθɑ.nɘ.ɾio̞n/ "homebound"
 |}
 ====Grammatical number====
-Here: singular vs. plural vs. collective
+[Here: singular vs. plural vs. collective]
 =====· Plural marking=====
@@ Line 375: / Line 408: @@
 |-
 |}
 ====Definiteness====
@@ Line 382: / Line 416: @@
 - When used to mark the subject of a verb in the imperative voice, it serves the function of a ''vocative'' marker.
 ====Other forms====
@@ Line 404: / Line 439: @@
 | Indefinite || {{sc|umlaut}}+''-isi'' || {´}(i)si || ‹´›-/isi/ || ‹''iarisi''›, ''sorrow'' (''little emptyness'')
 |}
 =====· Augmentatives=====