Verse:Mwail/Irenesian languages: Difference between revisions

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In [[Verse:Angai]], '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''bry lleqang Dylethyzz'' /prə 'ɬɛʔaŋ tə'lɛθəz/ CLF language Dylath-ADJ) is a highly conservative [[Trans-Sarnathian languages|Trans-Sarnathian]] language with a Welsh-like grammar and a loosely Welsh-like aesthetic. Dylathian and its closest relatives are spoken in the Dylathian plateau and the Sarnathian mountain range in the borderlands of Aem-Zmaə, which contains Mt. ___, the highest mountain in Angai. Dylathian and its neighboring relatives are vital for reconstructing the early history of the Trans-Sarnathian branch.
In [[Verse:Angai]], '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''bry lleɂang Dylethyzz'' /prə 'ɬɛʔaŋ tə'lɛθəz/ CLF language Dylath-ADJ) is a highly conservative [[Trans-Sarnathian languages|Trans-Sarnathian]] language with a Welsh-like grammar and a loosely Welsh-like aesthetic. Dylathian and its closest relatives are spoken in the Dylathian plateau and the Sarnathian mountain range in the borderlands of Aem-Zmaə, which contains Mt. ___, the highest mountain in Angai. Dylathian and its neighboring relatives are vital for reconstructing the early history of the Trans-Sarnathian branch.


Standard Dylathian is the liturgical language of ___ (a version of Tibetan Buddhism).
Standard Dylathian is the liturgical language of ___ (a version of Tibetan Buddhism).
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PTS tilakt -> ''Dylath''
PTS tilakt -> ''Dylath''


PTS ʔlars 'life' -> ''qalarch'' "oneself"
PTS ʔlars 'life' -> ''ɂalarch'' "oneself"


PTS sleʔans -> (pry/yni) ''lleqang'' "speech"
PTS sleʔans -> (pry/yni) ''lleɂang'' "speech"


PTS tsʼajbʰ 'water' -> Dyl. (lly) ''tzqâf''
PTS tsʼajbʰ 'water' -> Dyl. (lly) ''tzɂaf''


PTS kʷʼē -> (wy/wng) ''cwqê'' 'egg'
PTS kʷʼē -> (wy/wng) ''cwɂe'' 'egg'


''mam'' '(specific person's) mother'
''mam'' '(specific person's) mother'
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''tad'' '(specific person's) father'
''tad'' '(specific person's) father'


''tzqan'' '1'
''tzɂan'' '1'


''mancwqynyll'' (sgv. ''mancwqynyllu'') 'mother(s) in general'
''mancwɂynyll'' (sgv. ''mancwɂynyllu'') 'mother(s) in general'


''tacwqynyll'' (sgv. ''tacwqynyllu'') 'father(s) in general'
''tacwɂynyll'' (sgv. ''tacwɂynyllu'') 'father(s) in general'


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
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* '''b d dz ds g gw''' /p t ts ts{{ret}} k kʷ/
* '''b d dz ds g gw''' /p t ts ts{{ret}} k kʷ/
* '''p t tz ts c cw''' /pʰ tʰ tsʰ ts{{ret}}ʰ kʰ kʷʰ/
* '''p t tz ts c cw''' /pʰ tʰ tsʰ ts{{ret}}ʰ kʰ kʷʰ/
* '''pq tq tzq tsq cq cwq ''' /pʼ tʼ tsʼ ts{{ret}}ʼ kʼ kʷʼ/
* '''pɂ tɂ tzɂ tsɂ cɂ cwɂ ''' /pʼ tʼ tsʼ ts{{ret}}ʼ kʼ kʷʼ/
* '''ff th z s ch chw h q'''  /f θ s s{{ret}} x xʷ h ʔ/
* '''ff th z s ch chw h ɂ'''  /f θ s s{{ret}} x xʷ h ʔ/
* '''f dd zz w''' /v ð z w/
* '''f dd zz w''' /v ð z w/


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=== Vowels ===
=== Vowels ===
'''i e u y a w o''' /i ɛ ɨ ə a u ɔ/; long '''î ê û ŷ â ŵ ô'''
'''i e u y a w o''' /i ɛ ɨ ə a u ɔ/


=== Stress ===
=== Stress ===
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Alienable possession uses possessed classifiers:
Alienable possession uses possessed classifiers:


''rhwng qotqrâb rhyngoch'' (CLF AGT-love CLF-1SG) or ''rhyngoch qotqrâb'' (CLF-1SG AGT-love) 'my lover'
''rhwng ɂotɂrâb rhyngoch'' (CLF AGT-love CLF-1SG) or ''rhyngoch ɂotɂrâb'' (CLF-1SG AGT-love) 'my lover'


==== Inalienable possession ====
==== Inalienable possession ====
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=== Numerals ===
=== Numerals ===
There is no isolated word for "one". Counting uses a word ''cwyzy'' that was formerly "once/an occurrence" (cf. Slavic '''raz''' dva tri...). Otherwise, the singulative form of the noun in question is used, when necessary emphasized with ''qâzz'' 'only'.
There is no isolated word for "one". Counting uses a word ''cwyzy'' that was formerly "once/an occurrence" (cf. Slavic '''raz''' dva tri...). Otherwise, the singulative form of the noun in question is used, when necessary emphasized with ''ɂâzz'' 'only'.


=== TAM auxiliaries ===
=== TAM auxiliaries ===
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=== Is-a ===
=== Is-a ===
Tsoi che'w tacwqynyll (AUX 1SG among father_in_general) 'I am a father'
Tsoi che'w tacwɂynyll (AUX 1SG among father_in_general) 'I am a father'


=== Is-the ===
=== Is-the ===