Luthic: Difference between revisions

! width="20%"|Item

| fire || fona “fire” (< *fōn, *funin-, related to *fōr, *fuïr-, which is found in North and West Germanic, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *fōr, *funiz ~ *fuiniz ~ *funiniz) || 𐍆𐍉𐌽 (fōn) “fire” (< *fōn, *funin-, related to *fōr, *fuïr-, which is found in North and West Germanic, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *fōr, *funiz ~ *fuiniz ~ *funiniz) || pūrgō < *'''pur'''agō “to purge”, from *pur + *agō, literally meaning “to do with fire; to clean with fire”. The first element is attested in Italic as Umbrian 𐌐𐌉𐌓 (pir) || *péh₂wr̥, *ph₂wéns “fire”. Two main terms for “fire” are reconstructible for PIE: *h₁n̥gʷnis and *péh₂wr̥, usually considered in semantic opposition; the first is usually masculine, refers to fire as animate and active (compare Agni, the most prominent Old Indic deity, and Latin ignis “fire”); the second is neuter and refers to fire as inanimate and passive, i.e. as a substance.

| nose || nasu “nose” || *𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌰 (nasa) “nose” || nāsus “nose”, nāris “nostril” || *néh₂s, *nh₂sós “nose”

| to go || ganare “to go” || *𐌲𐌰𐌽 (gān), merged with 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (gaggan) “to go” || '''hē'''rēs < *ǵʰeh₁ro- “derelict; heir” || *ǵʰeh₁- “to leave behind; to abandon; to come; to reach; to go; to walk”

| water || vadne “water” || 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 (watō) “water” || unda “wave” < *udnéh₂ < *udn- || *wódr̥, *udn- “water”

| mouth || monþu “mouth” || 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (munþs) “mouth” || mentum “chin” || *mento- (“mouth; jaw”) < *men- “to stand out; to protrude; to project; to stick out”

| tongue || tugga “tongue” || 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (tuggō) “tongue” || lingua < dinguā̆ “tongue”. Influenced by lingō “to lick” as a folk etymology; compare Old Armenian լեզու (lezu) and Lithuanian liežùvis || *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s “tongue”

| blood || saggue “blood” || 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽 (eisarn) “iron” (via Celtic?) || '''assar'''ātum “drink made with blood and wine”, assyr “blood”, sanguī̆s < *h₁sh₂n̥- “blood” || *h₁ésh₂r̥ “blood”

| bone || beine “bone” || *𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽 “bone” || *per'''fin'''āre < *finō “to break” || *bʰeyh₂- “to strike; to cut; to hew”

| thou || þû “you” || 𐌸𐌿 (þū) “you” || tū “you” || *tíh₁, *tu- “you”

| root || vaurte “root” || 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐍃 (waurts) “root” || rādīx “root” || *wréh₂diHs “root”

| to come || qemare “to come” || 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (qiman) “to come” || '''ven'''īre < *gʷen < *gʷem- < *gʷm̥- “to come” || *gʷem- “to step”

| breast || brostu “breast” || 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍃 (brusts) “breast” || frū̆stum “piece; bit; crumb; morsel; scrap of food” || *bʰrews- “to break (up); to cut”

| rain || ploggia “rain” || *𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌼𐍃 (flaums) “stream; flow; flood”, compare 𐍆𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌿𐍃 (flōdus) “river” for the same root < *pleh₃(w)-, often considered a lengthened *ō-grade of *plew- || pluvia “rain” ||  *plew- “to fly; to flow; to run”

| I || ic “I” || 𐌹𐌺 (ik) “I” || egō̆ “I” || *eǵóH < *éǵ ~ *h₁eǵ(H) “I”

| name || namno “name” || 𐌽𐌰𐌼𐍉 (namō) “name” || nōmen “name” || *h₃néh₃mn̥ ~ *h₃nh₃méns “name”

| louse || pidocclu “louse” || ∅ || pēdis “louse” || *pesdis < *pesd- “annoying insect?”. Ultimately IE, cognates include: Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬎- (pazdu-) “beetle; maggot” and Sanskrit पेदु- (pedú-) “proper noun of a man, protected by the Asvins, by whom he was presented with white snake-killing honey”, पैद्व​ (paidvá-) “the snake-killing horse of Pedu; an insect harming horses”

| wing || ala “wing” || *𐌰𐌷𐍃𐌻𐌰 (ahsla) “shoulder” || āla “wing” || *h₂eḱs(i)leh₂ < *h₂eḱs- “axle; axis”

| meat || carne “meat” || *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (s'''kai'''ran) “to shear” || carō “meat” || *(s)ker- “to cut off; to server; to separate; to divide”

| arm || bracchio “arm” || *𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌿𐍃 (maurgus) “short” || bracchium “arm” || *mréǵʰus < *mreǵʰ- “short; brief”

| fly || þliugano “fly” || *𐌸𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌲𐍉 (þliugō) “fly” || plūma “feather; plume” || *plewk- “to fly; to flow; to run”

| night || nattu “night” || 𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 (nahts) “night” || nōx “night” || *nókʷts “night”

| ear || oreccla “ear” || 𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍉 (ausō) “ear” || auris “ear” || *h₂ṓws, *h₂éwsos “ear”

| neck || collo “neck” || 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐍃 (hals) “neck” || collum “neck” || *kʷolso- < *kʷel- “to turn (end-over-end)”

| far || fairra “far” || 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍂𐌰 (fairra) “far” || per “through(out); via” || *pernóy < *per- “before; in front; first”

| to do/make || taugiare “to do/make” || 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (taujan) “to do/make” || ∅ || *dewh₂- “to fit”. Ultimately IE, cognates include: Tocharian B tsu- “to cohere; to adhere; to contain” and Ancient Greek δύναμαι (dúnamai) “to be able; to can”

| house || huso “house” || *𐌷𐌿𐍃 (hūs) “house” < *(s)kuHsóm || scūtum “shield” < *(s)kuHtóm || *(s)kewH- “to cover; to protect”

| stone || staenu “stone” || 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (stains) “stone” < *steyh₂- || stāre “to stand” < *steh₂- || *steh₂- “to stand”

| bitter || baetru “bitter” || 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍂𐍃 (baitrs) “bitter” < *bʰoydrós || fissus “split; cloven” < *bʰidtós || *bʰeyd- “to split”

| to say || rogiare “to say” || 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (rōdjan) “to speak; to talk” < *h₂reh₁dʰ- < *h₂réh₁dʰh₁eti  || rērī “to reckon” < *h₂reh₁yéti || *h₂reh₁- “to think; to reason”

| tooth || dente “tooth” || 𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃 (tunþus) “tooth” || dēns “tooth” || *h₃dónts “tooth”

| hair || taglio “hair” || 𐍄𐌰𐌲𐌻 (tagl) “hair” || dolāre “to hew; to chop” || *delh₁- “to split”. Uncertain and debatable.

| big || mêchelu “big” || 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐍃 (mikils) “great; large; big” < *méǵh₂los || magnus “great; large; big” < *m̥ǵh₂nós || *méǵh₂s (*m̥ǵh₂-) “big; great”

| one || aenu “one” || 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (ains) “one” || ūnus “one” || *h₁óynos “one”

| who || qu “who” || 𐍈𐌰𐍃 (ƕas) “who; what” || quis “who” || *kʷís, *kʷós “who”

| he, she, it|| is, ia, ata “he, she, it” || 𐌹𐍃, 𐍃𐌹, 𐌹𐍄𐌰 (is, si, ita) “he, she, it” || is, ea, id “he, she, it” || *h₁e, *ih₂, *id “he, she, it”

| to hit || blegguare “to hit” || 𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽 (bliggwan) “to beat; to scourge; to cut; to kill” || ∅ || *mléwe- < *mlew- “weak?”. Ultimately Indo-European, related to Ancient Greek ἀμβλύς (amblús) “blunt; dim; faint” and Avestan 𐬨𐬭𐬎𐬙𐬀 (mruta) “crushed; weak”, also related to Old Norse blauðr (soft; meek; coward(ly)).

| foot || piê “foot” || 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐍃 (fōtus) “foot” || pēs “foot” || *pṓds, *ped- “foot”

| horn || haurno “horn” || 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽 (haurn) “horn” || cornū “horn” || *ḱr̥h₂nós < *ḱer(h₂)- “horn”

| this || su, sa, þata “this” || 𐍃𐌰, 𐍃𐍉, 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 (sa, sō, þata) “this” || sī “if” < *sey (an innovated thematic locative singular) <br >tum “then” < *tóm, accusative of *só <br >iste, ista, istud “that” < *h₁e(s)- + *só|| *só, *séh₂, *tód “this; that”

| fish || fescu “fish” || 𐍆𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (fisks) “fish” < *piskós || piscis “fish” < *piskís || *peysk- “fish”

| yesterday || gestradagu “yesterday” || 𐌲𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (gistradagis) “tomorrow” || hesternus “yesterday’s” < *dʰǵʰyésteros <br >febris < *dʰegʷʰris || *dʰǵʰyés “yesterday” <br >*dʰegʷʰ- “to burn; hot; warm”

| to drink || dregcare “to drink” || 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌽 (drigkan) “to drink” || ∅ || *dʰrénǵ- “to draw into one's mouth; sip; gulp” < *dʰreǵ- “to draw; glide”

| black || neru “black” || 𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌰𐌸𐍃 (naqaþs) “naked” ^{<small>relation is uncertain</small>} || niger “black” ^{<small>of obscure origin</small>} || *negʷ- “bare; naked” ^{<small>uncertain</small>}

| navel || navalano “navel” || *𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌰 (nabala) “navel” || '''umbil'''īcus “navel” (< *h₃m̥bʰél- < *h₃n̥bʰél-), suffixed with -īcus || *h₃nóbʰōl “navel”

| to stand || stare “to stand” || 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (standan) “to stand” (< *sth₂nédʰh₁ti) || stare “to stand; stay” (< *sth₂éh₁yeti) || *steh₂- “to stand (up)”

|to bite || beidare “to bite” || 𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (beitan) “to bite” (< *bʰéyde-) || findere “to split” (*bʰind-) || *bʰeyd- “to split”

| || “” || “” || “” || “”

| || “” || “” || “” || “”

| || “” || “” || “” || “”

| || “” || “” || “” || “”

| || “” || “” || “” || “”

| || “” || “” || “” || “”

| || “” || “” || “” || “”

| || “” || “” || “” || “”

| || “” || “” || “” || “”

| || “” || “” || “” || “”