Luthic: Difference between revisions
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Unstressed a resulted in a slightly raised a [[w:Near-open central vowel|[ɐ]]]. In hiatus, unstressed front vowels become [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|/j/]], while unstressed back vowels become [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|/w/]]. Unlike other Romance languages, the Luthic vowel system was not so affected by [[w:Metaphony|metaphony]], such as [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|/e/]] raising to [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|/i/]] or [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|/ɛ/]] raising to [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|/e/]]: | Unstressed a resulted in a slightly raised a [[w:Near-open central vowel|[ɐ]]]. In hiatus, unstressed front vowels become [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|/j/]], while unstressed back vowels become [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|/w/]]. Unlike other Romance languages, the Luthic vowel system was not so affected by [[w:Metaphony|metaphony]], such as [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|/e/]] raising to [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|/i/]] or [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|/ɛ/]] raising to [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|/e/]]: | ||
* Classical Latin [[wikt:vindemia#Latin|''vī̆ndēmia'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[u̯i(ː)n̪.ˈd̪eː.mi.ä]]] > Vulgar Latin | * Classical Latin [[wikt:vindemia#Latin|''vī̆ndēmia'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[u̯i(ː)n̪.ˈd̪eː.mi.ä]]] > Vulgar Latin [[w:Proto-Romance_language#Phonology|*[benˈde.mja]]] > Spanish [[wikt:vendimia#Spanish|''vendimia'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:es|[bẽn̪ˈd̪i.mja]]], but the Luthic cognate ''vendemia'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[venˈde.mjɐ]]] | ||
Luthic also diphthongises ō̆ to [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|/wɔ/]] in the following environments: | Luthic also diphthongises ō̆ to [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|/wɔ/]] in the following environments: | ||
* mō̆- > muo- | * mō̆- > muo- | ||
** Latin [[wikt:moveo#Latin|''movēre'']] > Luthic ''muovere'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[mwɔˈβe.re]]] | ** Latin [[wikt:moveo#Latin|''movēre'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[mo.ˈu̯eː.re ~ mɔ.ˈu̯eː.rɛ]]] > Luthic ''muovere'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[mwɔˈβe.re]]] | ||
** Latin [[wikt:mobilia#Latin|''mōbilia'']] > Luthic '' | ** Latin [[wikt:mobilia#Latin|''mōbilia'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[ˈmoː.bi.l(ʲ)i.ä ~ ˈmoː.bɪ.l(ʲ)ɪ.ä]]] > Luthic ''muobiglia'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[mwɔˈbiʎ.ʎɐ]]] | ||
* bō̆- > buo- | * bō̆- > buo- | ||
** Proto-Germanic [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōks|''*bōks'']] [[w:Proto-Germanic_language#Phonology|/bɔːks/]] > Luthic ''buocu'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈbwɔ.xu]]] | ** Proto-Germanic [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōks|''*bōks'']] [[w:Proto-Germanic_language#Phonology|/bɔːks/]] > Luthic ''buocu'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈbwɔ.xu]]] | ||
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* Latin [[wikt:amicus#Latin|''amīcus'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[äˈmiː.kus̠ ~ äˈmiː.kʊs̠]]], [[wikt:amici#Latin|''amīcī'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[äˈmiː.kiː]]] > Luthic ''amicu'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ɐˈmi.xu]]], ''amici'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ɐˈmi.t͡ʃi]]]. | * Latin [[wikt:amicus#Latin|''amīcus'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[äˈmiː.kus̠ ~ äˈmiː.kʊs̠]]], [[wikt:amici#Latin|''amīcī'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[äˈmiː.kiː]]] > Luthic ''amicu'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ɐˈmi.xu]]], ''amici'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ɐˈmi.t͡ʃi]]]. | ||
* Gothic [[wikt:𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰#Gothic|𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰]] (''giba'') [[wikt:AP:pron:got|[ˈɡiβa]]] > Luthic ''geva'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈd͡ʒe.βɐ]]]. | * Gothic [[wikt:𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰#Gothic|𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰]] (''giba'') [[wikt:AP:pron:got|[ˈɡiβa]]] > Luthic ''geva'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈd͡ʒe.βɐ]]]. | ||
* Latin [[wikt:ratio#Latin|''ratiō'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[ˈrä.t̪i.oː]]] > Luthic ''razione'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ | * Latin [[wikt:ratio#Latin|''ratiō'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[ˈrä.t̪i.oː]]] > Luthic ''razione'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[rɐdˈd͡zjo.ne]]]. | ||
* Latin [[wikt:filius#Latin|''fīlius'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[ˈfiː.l(ʲ)i.us̠ ~ ˈfiː.l(ʲ)i.ʊs̠]]] > Luthic '' | * Latin [[wikt:filius#Latin|''fīlius'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[ˈfiː.l(ʲ)i.us̠ ~ ˈfiː.l(ʲ)i.ʊs̠]]] > Luthic ''figliu'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈfiʎ.ʎu]]]. | ||
* Latin [[wikt:linea#Latin|''līnea'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[ | * Latin [[wikt:linea#Latin|''līnea'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[ˈl(ʲ)iː.ne.ä]]] > Luthic ''ligna'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈliɲ.ɲɐ]]]. | ||
* Latin [[wikt:pugnus#Latin|''pugnus'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[ˈpuŋ.nus̠ ~ ˈpʊŋ.nʊs̠]]] > Luthic '' | * Latin [[wikt:pugnus#Latin|''pugnus'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[ˈpuŋ.nus̠ ~ ˈpʊŋ.nʊs̠]]] > Luthic ''pogniu'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈpoɲ.ɲu]]]. | ||
* Latin [[wikt:acrimonia#Latin|''ācrimōnia'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[äː.kriˈmoː.ni.ä ~ äː.krɪˈmoː.ni.ä]]] > Luthic '' | * Latin [[wikt:acrimonia#Latin|''ācrimōnia'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[äː.kriˈmoː.ni.ä ~ äː.krɪˈmoː.ni.ä]]] > Luthic ''acremognia'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ɐ.kreˈmoɲ.ɲɐ]]]. | ||
Labio-velars remain unpalatalised, except in monosyllabic environment: | Labio-velars remain unpalatalised, except in monosyllabic environment: | ||
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In some cases, palatalisation occurs word initially, mainly if [[w:Help:IPA|/kn/]] is the initial cluster: | In some cases, palatalisation occurs word initially, mainly if [[w:Help:IPA|/kn/]] is the initial cluster: | ||
* Gothic [[wikt:𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃#Gothic|𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃]] (''knōþs'') [[wikt:AP:pron:got|[knoːθs]]] > Luthic '' | * Gothic [[wikt:𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃#Gothic|𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃]] (''knōþs'') [[wikt:AP:pron:got|[knoːθs]]] > Luthic ''gnioðe'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈɲo.ðe]]]. | ||
* Gothic [[wikt:𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽#Gothic|𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽]] (''kunnan'') [[wikt:AP:pron:got|[ˈkunːan]]], influenced by Latin [[wikt:cognosco#Latin|''(co)gnōscere'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[koŋˈnoːs̠.ke.re ~ kɔŋˈnoːs̠.kɛ.rɛ]]] and later Langobardic [[wikt:knajan#Old_High_German|''*knājan'']] [[w:Old_High_German#Phonology|*/ˈknaːjan/]] > Luthic '' | * Gothic [[wikt:𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽#Gothic|𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽]] (''kunnan'') [[wikt:AP:pron:got|[ˈkunːan]]], influenced by Latin [[wikt:cognosco#Latin|''(co)gnōscere'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[koŋˈnoːs̠.ke.re ~ kɔŋˈnoːs̠.kɛ.rɛ]]] and later Langobardic [[wikt:knajan#Old_High_German|''*knājan'']] [[w:Old_High_German#Phonology|*/ˈknaːjan/]] > Luthic ''gnioscere'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ɲoʃˈʃe.re]]] | ||
* Langobardic [[wikt:knohha#Old_High_German|''*knohha'']] [[w:Old_High_German#Phonology|*/ˈknoxːa ~ ˈknɔxːa/]] > Luthic '' | * Langobardic [[wikt:knohha#Old_High_German|''*knohha'']] [[w:Old_High_German#Phonology|*/ˈknoxːa ~ ˈknɔxːa/]] > Luthic ''gnioccu'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈɲɔk.ku]]]. | ||
It may not happen if intervocalic: | It may not happen if intervocalic: | ||