Indevroplu: Difference between revisions

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'''Indeyivroplu''' (''~~indejivroplu~~'' / ''индейивроплу'') is a personal constructed language classifiable as both an engineered and auxiliary language, with the goals of reforming connections between the several branches of the Indo-European language family, and maintaining an absolute logic in structure. In aspiration of this, the vocabulary of Indeyivroplu is almost entirely ''a posteriori'' and rooted from the following languages: Persian, Spanish, German, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, and Welsh (one from each I.E. branch, in decreasing order of prevalence). There are however some words loaned from non-I.E. languages and even some fully unique root words.

'''Indeyivroplu''' (''indëjivroplu'' / ''индейивроплу'') is a personal constructed language classifiable as both an engineered and auxiliary language, with the goals of reforming connections between the several branches of the Indo-European language family, and maintaining an absolute logic in structure. In aspiration of this, the vocabulary of Indeyivroplu is almost entirely ''a posteriori'' and rooted from the following languages: Persian, Spanish, German, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, and Welsh (one from each I.E. branch, in decreasing order of prevalence). There are however some words loaned from non-I.E. languages and even some fully unique root words.

The structure of Indeyivroplu is holistically a mixture between common Indo-European patterns and several inspirations received from other world languages. Indeyivroplu is a synthetic language, notable for its inflection based on part of speech and frequent agglutination, but lack of grammatical gender or cases.

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|imagesize = 100px

|name = Indeyivroplu

|nativename = ~~indejivroplu~~<br>индейивроплу

|nativename = indëjivroplu<br>индейивроплу

|creator = [[User:Palachu|Palachu]]

|setting = Eastern Europe; Alt-history Earth

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|-

| Dd || Дд || [d̪]

|-

| Ee || Ээ || [ɛ]

|-

| Ee || Ее || [ɪ̞]

| Ëë || Ее || [ɪ̞]

|-

~~| Êê || Ээ || [ɛ~~]

|-

| Ff || Фф || [f]

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|

|-

!Close~~-Mid~~

!Near-Close

|

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| style="text-align:center;"|u̞

|-

!Mid

!Close-Mid

|

| style="text-align:center;"|ɪ̞

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|

|-

!Mid

|

|-

!Open-Mid

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|

| style="text-align:center;"|ɔ

|-

!Near-Open

|

|-

!Open

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====Stress====

Word stress in Indeyivroplu falls by default on the ultimate syllable of the final stem, so never on the inflection except for verbs. This means: ultimate syllable for verbs and proper names; but penultimate for all other parts of speech (n./adj./adv./pron./conj./pre./intj.). An earlier syllable can be stressed instead, but only through the usage of an acute diacritic (á,é,ế,í,ó,ú).

Word stress in Indeyivroplu falls by default on the ultimate syllable of the final stem, so never on the inflection except for verbs. This means: ultimate syllable for verbs and proper names; but penultimate for all other parts of speech (n./adj./adv./pron./conj./pre./intj.). An earlier syllable can be stressed instead, but only through the usage of an acute diacritic (á,é,e̋,í,ó,ú).

There is also secondary stress in words with more than four syllables, falling on every third syllable before the primary stress.

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# gutňo'''hajr''' - [gu̞t̪.ŋɔˈhajɾ]

# kupmi'''jo'''nu - [kʰu̞p.miˈjɔ.n̪u̞]

# ~~nefre~~''zo'''''hru'''ti - [n̪ɪ̞.fɾɪ̞ˌzɔˈhɾu̞.t̪ʰi]

# nëfrë''zo'''''hru'''ti - [n̪ɪ̞.fɾɪ̞ˌzɔˈhɾu̞.t̪ʰi]

# luskor''zor''~~kegi~~'''jo'''hu - [lu̞s.kʰɔɾˌzɔɾ.kʰɪ̞.giˈjɔ.hu̞]

# luskor''zor''këgi'''jo'''hu - [lu̞s.kʰɔɾˌzɔɾ.kʰɪ̞.giˈjɔ.hu̞]

# at'''shún'''~~datmêtrju~~ - [at̪ˈshu̞n̪.dat̪.mɛ.t̪ʰɾju̞]

# at'''shún'''datmetrju - [at̪ˈshu̞n̪.dat̪.mɛ.t̪ʰɾju̞]

====Intonation====

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==Morphology==

===Inflection===

Words in Indeyivroplu are inflected for parts of speech. In this manner, every word forms from a non-inflected stem which is given one of the following suffixes: -'''u''' (noun), -'''a''' (adjective), -'''i''' (adverb), -'''e''' (conjunction), -'''ê''' (preposition), -'''o''' (pronoun), -'''ui''' (interjection), -'''ir''' (infinitive verb).

Words in Indeyivroplu are inflected for parts of speech. In this manner, every word forms from a non-inflected stem which is given one of the following suffixes: -'''u''' (noun), -'''a''' (adjective), -'''i''' (adverb), -'''ë''' (conjunction), -'''e''' (preposition), -'''o''' (pronoun), -'''ui''' (interjection), -'''ir''' (infinitive verb).

# ~~prênd~~- = ''related to comprehension''

# prend- = ''related to comprehension''

#: ~~prêndu~~ = understanding ''(n.)''

#: prendu = understanding ''(n.)''

#: ~~prêndir~~ = to understand ''(inf. v.)''

#: prendir = to understand ''(inf. v.)''

#: ~~prênda~~ = understood ''(adj.)''

#: prenda = understood ''(adj.)''

#: ~~prêndi~~ = understandingly ''(adv.)''

#: prendi = understandingly ''(adv.)''

#: ~~prêndui~~ = OK / understood ''(intj.)''

#: prendui = OK / understood ''(intj.)''

# loğ- = ''related to reason''

#: loğu = reason, logic ''(n.)''

#: ~~loğe~~ = because ''(conj.)''

#: loğë = because ''(conj.)''

#: ~~loğê~~ = because of ''(pre.)''

#: loğe = because of ''(pre.)''

#: loğa = logical ''(adj.)''

#: loği = logically ''(adv.)''

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! rowspan ="2" | 3rdP.

! sing.

| -~~edz~~

| -ëdz

| -er

| -ër

| -ex

| -ëx

|-

! plu.

| -~~ejdz~~

| -ëjdz

| -~~ejr~~

| -ëjr

| -~~ejx~~

| -ëjx

|--

! colspan="5" | Imperative

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! rowspan ="2" | 3rdP.

! sing.

| colspan ="3" | -ef

| colspan ="3" | -ëf

|-

! plu.

| colspan ="3" | -~~ejf~~

| colspan ="3" | -ëjf

|--

! colspan="5" | Subjunctive

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! colspan="5" | Interrogative

|-

| colspan="5" | '''~~tšemož~~-''' + ''(verb stem)'' + ''(conjugat.)''

| colspan="5" | '''tšëmož-''' + ''(verb stem)'' + ''(conjugat.)''

|}

The subjunctive and conditional moods are related in that both deal with hypothetical situations, where conditional is dependent on subjunctive. For details refer to: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_mood Grammatical Mood].

The interrogative mood using ''~~tšemož~~-'' (can be shortened to ''tšmož-'') is used in all questions, unless they already include one of the words beginning with '''tšij-'''.

The interrogative mood using '''tšëmož-''' (can be shortened to ''tšmož-'') is used in all questions, unless they already include one of the words beginning with '''tšij-'''.

==Syntax==

===Loanword Adaptation===

Approximately 92% of all word stems in Indeyivroplu ~~originate~~ from natural languages, ~~with 91~~% ~~out of those being~~ Indo-European. When loaning any word, research was done into its etymology in an effort to loan only the base morpheme, leading to them not always being immediately recognizable. Here are some examples:

Approximately 93% of all word stems in Indeyivroplu are from natural languages, and around 78% total are Indo-European. When loaning any word, research was done into its etymology in an effort to loan only the base morpheme, leading to them not always being immediately recognizable. Here are some examples:

# '''ips'''- is the word stem relating to "high/height", loaned from Greek ''ψηλός'' (''psilós'') "high", but made to reflect the more basic root ''ύψος'' (''ípsos'') "height".

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# '''fxas'''''ulu'' [fχas] meaning "France", loaned from French "France" [fʁɑ̃s]

# '''dúaj'''''ê'' [ˈd̪u̞.aj] meaning "through", loaned from German "durch" [dʊɐ̯ç]

# '''~~njêğ~~'''''u'' [ˈn̪jɛɣ] meaning "bird", loaned from Mandarin "鳥" [ni̯ɜʊ̯²¹⁴]

# '''njeğ'''''u'' [ˈn̪jɛɣ] meaning "bird", loaned from Mandarin "鳥" [ni̯ɜʊ̯²¹⁴]

#: Notice here that the 4th phonotactic rule comes into play, making final rounded back vowels convert to <ğ> (front vowels become <j>).

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# '''fligmuku''' ''("bat")'' = flig.a + muk.u ''("flying" + "rat")''

# '''kajskorxonu''' ''("laboratory")'' = kajs.u + kor.ir + xon.u ''("trial" + "to work" + "house")''

# '''~~abrêlêktrgodir~~''' ''("lightning strike" (v.))'' = abr.u + ~~êlêktr~~.u + god.ir ''("cloud" + "electric" + "to hit")''

# '''abrelektrgodir''' ''("lightning strike" (v.))'' = abr.u + elektr.u + god.ir ''("cloud" + "electric" + "to hit")''

The only case where a single morpheme in a word is ever changed in form is for the 28 total ''"ghost-syllable"'' morphemes, named so because they consist of a syllable onset followed by -'''e''' in all positions except word-finally, where ''-e'' disappears. They are: '''d, dj, dzm, fr, fs, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, pr, s, sr, st, sj, šp, t, tr, tš, v, vj, xf, zg, ž, žm'''.

The only case where a single morpheme in a word is ever changed in form is for the 28 total ''"ghost-syllable"'' morphemes, named so because they consist of a syllable onset followed by -'''ë''' in all positions except word-finally, where ''-ë'' disappears. They are: '''d, dj, dzm, fr, fs, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, pr, s, sr, st, sj, šp, t, tr, tš, v, vj, xf, zg, ž, žm'''.

# '''''~~ste~~'''.ob.ronir'' "surf" versus ''on.'''st'''i'' "then" (as opposed to ''on.~~ste~~.i'')

# '''''stë'''.ob.ronir'' "surf" versus ''on.'''st'''i'' "then" (as opposed to ''on.stë.i'')

# '''''le'''.~~jêk~~.tšu'' "syllable" versus ''~~êlin~~.'''l'''u'' "Greek" (as opposed to ''~~êlin~~.le.u'')

# '''''lë'''.jek.tšu'' "syllable" versus ''elin.'''l'''u'' "Greek" (as opposed to ''elin.lë.u'')

===Constituent Order===

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"I will read all of your red books."

# ~~zjavax~~ fsa ta sorxa girkju.

# zjavazax fsa ta sorxa girkju.

# ~~zjavax~~ ta fsa sorxa girkju.

# zjavazax ta fsa sorxa girkju.

# ~~zjavax~~ sorxa ta fsa girkju.

# zjavazax sorxa ta fsa girkju.

# ~~zjavax~~ ta sorxa fsa girkju.

# zjavazax ta sorxa fsa girkju.

"You drive to the office this evening because of the rain."

# loğe ~~rígeňu êtábenti~~ ronkur ~~samgepu mêxrê daftêru~~.

# loğe rígëňu etábënti ronkur samgëpu mexre dafteru.

# ~~êtábenti~~ ronkur ~~samgepu mêxrê daftêru~~ loğe ~~rígeňu~~.

# etábënti ronkur samgëpu mexre dafteru loğe rígëňu.

==Vocabulary==

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|-

| style="text-align: center;"|eye

| style="text-align: center;"|~~tšêšu~~

| style="text-align: center;"|tšešu

|-

| style="text-align: center;"|heart

| style="text-align: center;"|~~hêtsu~~

| style="text-align: center;"|hetsu

|-

| style="text-align: center;"|tooth

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|-

| style="text-align: center;"|teardrop

| style="text-align: center;"|~~slezu~~

| style="text-align: center;"|slëzu

|-

| style="text-align: center;"|water

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|-

| style="text-align: center;"|dead

| style="text-align: center;"|~~nekjaňa~~

| style="text-align: center;"|nëkjaňa

|}

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|-

| style="text-align: center;"|white

| style="text-align: center;"|~~sêfida~~

| style="text-align: center;"|sefida

|-

| style="text-align: center;"|gray

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|-

| style="text-align: center;"|pink

| style="text-align: center;"|~~sêfidsorxa~~

| style="text-align: center;"|sefidsorxa

|-

| style="text-align: center;"|crimson

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|-

| style="text-align: center;"|light blue

| style="text-align: center;"|~~sjêlsina~~

| style="text-align: center;"|sjelsina

|-

| style="text-align: center;"|cyan

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|-

| style="text-align: center;"|1

| style="text-align: center;"|~~jêk~~

| style="text-align: center;"|jek

|-

| style="text-align: center;"|2

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|-

| style="text-align: center;"|6

| style="text-align: center;"|~~šêš~~

| style="text-align: center;"|šeš

|-

| style="text-align: center;"|7

| style="text-align: center;"|~~sédem~~

| style="text-align: center;"|sem

|-

| style="text-align: center;"|8

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|-

| style="text-align: center;"|11

| style="text-align: center;"|~~aňjêk~~

| style="text-align: center;"|aňjek

|-

| style="text-align: center;"|12

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|-

| style="text-align: center;"|10000

| style="text-align: center;"|~~eňaorh~~

| style="text-align: center;"|ëňaorh

|}

==Sample Translations==

* fsa ~~umanseju nasejr diňitêti ve drêjti~~ lijra ve hama. ~~samhulejr~~ loğu ve isikdju, ~~ve irêti endêrxunti silejr bratéonbi~~.

* fsa umansëju nasëjr diňiteti vë drejti lijra vë hama. samhulëjr loğu vë isikdju, vë ireti ënderxunti silëjr brate̋onbi.

:: ''"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."''

::: Source: ''Universal Declaration of Human Rights; Article 1''

* ~~lešpur~~ mo ~~uste dêzumar~~. ~~omuzkešpur~~ mo ~~uste mêtšumar~~. ~~prefigšpuf~~ mo ~~uste~~ omuzar.

* lëšpur mo ustë dezumar. omuzkëšpur mo ustë metšumar. prëfigšpuf mo ustë omuzar.

:: ''"Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn."''

::: Source: Benjamin Franklin

* ~~frezamondêzumortkasjo losštrêftšejr veraskir~~ tšo.

* frëzamondezumortkasjo losštreftšëjr vëraskir tšo.

:: ''"Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it."''

::: Source: Jorge Santayana

* ahama ~~tšer~~ ni istir ~~djebuskir~~. ~~djebuskvolhu têner~~ tša vodžudloğu.

* ahama tšër ni istir djëbuskir. djëbuskvolhu tenër tša vodžudloğu.

:: "''The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing.''"

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{private}}
-'''Indeyivroplu''' (''indejivroplu'' / ''индейивроплу'') is a personal constructed language classifiable as both an engineered and auxiliary language, with the goals of reforming connections between the several branches of the Indo-European language family, and maintaining an absolute logic in structure.  In aspiration of this, the vocabulary of Indeyivroplu is almost entirely ''a posteriori'' and rooted from the following languages: Persian, Spanish, German, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, and Welsh (one from each I.E. branch, in decreasing order of prevalence).  There are however some words loaned from non-I.E. languages and even some fully unique root words.
+'''Indeyivroplu''' (''indëjivroplu'' / ''индейивроплу'') is a personal constructed language classifiable as both an engineered and auxiliary language, with the goals of reforming connections between the several branches of the Indo-European language family, and maintaining an absolute logic in structure.  In aspiration of this, the vocabulary of Indeyivroplu is almost entirely ''a posteriori'' and rooted from the following languages: Persian, Spanish, German, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, and Welsh (one from each I.E. branch, in decreasing order of prevalence).  There are however some words loaned from non-I.E. languages and even some fully unique root words.
 The structure of Indeyivroplu is holistically a mixture between common Indo-European patterns and several inspirations received from other world languages.  Indeyivroplu is a synthetic language, notable for its inflection based on part of speech and frequent agglutination, but lack of grammatical gender or cases.
@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 |imagesize = 100px
 |name = Indeyivroplu
-|nativename = indejivroplu<br>индейивроплу
+|nativename = indëjivroplu<br>индейивроплу
 |creator = [[User:Palachu|Palachu]]
 |setting = Eastern Europe; Alt-history Earth
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 |-
 | Dd || Дд || [d̪]
+|-
+| Ee || Ээ || [ɛ]
 |-
-| Ee || Ее || [ɪ̞]
+| Ëë || Ее || [ɪ̞]
-|-
-| Êê || Ээ || [ɛ]
 |-
 | Ff || Фф || [f]
@@ Line 214: / Line 214: @@
 |
 |-
-!Close-Mid
+!Near-Close
 |
 |
@@ Line 221: / Line 221: @@
 | style="text-align:center;"|u̞
 |-
-!Mid
+!Close-Mid
 |
 | style="text-align:center;"|ɪ̞
@@ Line 227: / Line 227: @@
 |
 |
+|-
+!Mid
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
 |-
 !Open-Mid
@@ Line 234: / Line 241: @@
 |
 | style="text-align:center;"|ɔ
+|-
+!Near-Open
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
 |-
 !Open
@@ Line 247: / Line 261: @@
 ====Stress====
-Word stress in Indeyivroplu falls by default on the ultimate syllable of the final stem, so never on the inflection except for verbs.  This means: ultimate syllable for verbs and proper names; but penultimate for all other parts of speech (n./adj./adv./pron./conj./pre./intj.). An earlier syllable can be stressed instead, but only through the usage of an acute diacritic (á,é,ế,í,ó,ú).
+Word stress in Indeyivroplu falls by default on the ultimate syllable of the final stem, so never on the inflection except for verbs.  This means: ultimate syllable for verbs and proper names; but penultimate for all other parts of speech (n./adj./adv./pron./conj./pre./intj.). An earlier syllable can be stressed instead, but only through the usage of an acute diacritic (á,é,e̋,í,ó,ú).
 There is also secondary stress in words with more than four syllables, falling on every third syllable before the primary stress.
@@ Line 253: / Line 267: @@
 # gutňo'''hajr''' - [gu̞t̪.ŋɔˈhajɾ]
 # kupmi'''jo'''nu - [kʰu̞p.miˈjɔ.n̪u̞]
-# nefre''zo'''''hru'''ti - [n̪ɪ̞.fɾɪ̞ˌzɔˈhɾu̞.t̪ʰi]
+# nëfrë''zo'''''hru'''ti - [n̪ɪ̞.fɾɪ̞ˌzɔˈhɾu̞.t̪ʰi]
-# luskor''zor''kegi'''jo'''hu - [lu̞s.kʰɔɾˌzɔɾ.kʰɪ̞.giˈjɔ.hu̞]
+# luskor''zor''këgi'''jo'''hu - [lu̞s.kʰɔɾˌzɔɾ.kʰɪ̞.giˈjɔ.hu̞]
-# at'''shún'''datmêtrju - [at̪ˈshu̞n̪.dat̪.mɛ.t̪ʰɾju̞]
+# at'''shún'''datmetrju - [at̪ˈshu̞n̪.dat̪.mɛ.t̪ʰɾju̞]
 ====Intonation====
@@ Line 273: / Line 287: @@
 ==Morphology==
 ===Inflection===
-Words in Indeyivroplu are inflected for parts of speech. In this manner, every word forms from a non-inflected stem which is given one of the following suffixes: -'''u''' (noun), -'''a''' (adjective), -'''i''' (adverb), -'''e''' (conjunction), -'''ê''' (preposition), -'''o''' (pronoun), -'''ui''' (interjection), -'''ir''' (infinitive verb).
+Words in Indeyivroplu are inflected for parts of speech. In this manner, every word forms from a non-inflected stem which is given one of the following suffixes: -'''u''' (noun), -'''a''' (adjective), -'''i''' (adverb), -'''ë''' (conjunction), -'''e''' (preposition), -'''o''' (pronoun), -'''ui''' (interjection), -'''ir''' (infinitive verb).
-# prênd- = ''related to comprehension''
+# prend- = ''related to comprehension''
-#: prêndu = understanding ''(n.)''
+#: prendu = understanding ''(n.)''
-#: prêndir = to understand ''(inf. v.)''
+#: prendir = to understand ''(inf. v.)''
-#: prênda = understood ''(adj.)''
+#: prenda = understood ''(adj.)''
-#: prêndi = understandingly ''(adv.)''
+#: prendi = understandingly ''(adv.)''
-#: prêndui = OK / understood ''(intj.)''
+#: prendui = OK / understood ''(intj.)''
 # loğ- = ''related to reason''
 #: loğu = reason, logic ''(n.)''
-#: loğe = because ''(conj.)''
+#: loğë = because ''(conj.)''
-#: loğê = because of ''(pre.)''
+#: loğe = because of ''(pre.)''
 #: loğa = logical ''(adj.)''
 #: loği = logically ''(adv.)''
@@ Line 327: / Line 341: @@
 ! rowspan ="2" | 3rdP.
 ! sing.
-| -edz
+| -ëdz
-| -er
+| -ër
-| -ex
+| -ëx
 |-
 ! plu.
-| -ejdz
+| -ëjdz
-| -ejr
+| -ëjr
-| -ejx
+| -ëjx
 |--
 ! colspan="5" | Imperative
@@ Line 354: / Line 368: @@
 ! rowspan ="2" | 3rdP.
 ! sing.
-| colspan ="3" | -ef
+| colspan ="3" | -ëf
 |-
 ! plu.
-| colspan ="3" | -ejf
+| colspan ="3" | -ëjf
 |--
 ! colspan="5" | Subjunctive
@@ Line 369: / Line 383: @@
 ! colspan="5" | Interrogative
 |-
-| colspan="5" |  '''tšemož-''' + ''(verb stem)'' + ''(conjugat.)''
+| colspan="5" |  '''tšëmož-''' + ''(verb stem)'' + ''(conjugat.)''
 |}
 The subjunctive and conditional moods are related in that both deal with hypothetical situations, where conditional is dependent on subjunctive.  For details refer to: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_mood Grammatical Mood].
-The interrogative mood using ''tšemož-'' (can be shortened to ''tšmož-'') is used in all questions, unless they already include one of the words beginning with '''tšij-'''.
+The interrogative mood using '''tšëmož-''' (can be shortened to ''tšmož-'') is used in all questions, unless they already include one of the words beginning with '''tšij-'''.
 ==Syntax==
 ===Loanword Adaptation===
-Approximately 92% of all word stems in Indeyivroplu originate from natural languages, with 91% out of those being Indo-European. When loaning any word, research was done into its etymology in an effort to loan only the base morpheme, leading to them not always being immediately recognizable. Here are some examples:
+Approximately 93% of all word stems in Indeyivroplu are from natural languages, and around 78% total are Indo-European. When loaning any word, research was done into its etymology in an effort to loan only the base morpheme, leading to them not always being immediately recognizable. Here are some examples:
 # '''ips'''- is the word stem relating to "high/height", loaned from Greek ''ψηλός'' (''psilós'') "high", but made to reflect the more basic root ''ύψος'' (''ípsos'') "height".
@@ Line 389: / Line 403: @@
 # '''fxas'''''ulu'' [fχas] meaning "France", loaned from French "France" [fʁɑ̃s]
 # '''dúaj'''''ê'' [ˈd̪u̞.aj] meaning "through", loaned from German "durch" [dʊɐ̯ç]
-# '''njêğ'''''u'' [ˈn̪jɛɣ] meaning "bird", loaned from Mandarin "鳥" [ni̯ɜʊ̯²¹⁴]
+# '''njeğ'''''u'' [ˈn̪jɛɣ] meaning "bird", loaned from Mandarin "鳥" [ni̯ɜʊ̯²¹⁴]
 #: Notice here that the 4th phonotactic rule comes into play, making final rounded back vowels convert to <ğ> (front vowels become <j>).
@@ Line 399: / Line 413: @@
 # '''fligmuku''' ''("bat")'' = flig.a + muk.u  ''("flying" + "rat")''
 # '''kajskorxonu''' ''("laboratory")'' = kajs.u + kor.ir + xon.u  ''("trial" + "to work" + "house")''
-# '''abrêlêktrgodir''' ''("lightning strike" (v.))'' = abr.u + êlêktr.u + god.ir  ''("cloud" + "electric" + "to hit")''
+# '''abrelektrgodir''' ''("lightning strike" (v.))'' = abr.u + elektr.u + god.ir  ''("cloud" + "electric" + "to hit")''
-The only case where a single morpheme in a word is ever changed in form is for the 28 total ''"ghost-syllable"'' morphemes, named so because they consist of a syllable onset followed by -'''e''' in all positions except word-finally, where ''-e'' disappears. They are: '''d, dj, dzm, fr, fs, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, pr, s, sr, st, sj, šp, t, tr, tš, v, vj, xf, zg, ž, žm'''.
+The only case where a single morpheme in a word is ever changed in form is for the 28 total ''"ghost-syllable"'' morphemes, named so because they consist of a syllable onset followed by -'''ë''' in all positions except word-finally, where ''-ë'' disappears. They are: '''d, dj, dzm, fr, fs, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, pr, s, sr, st, sj, šp, t, tr, tš, v, vj, xf, zg, ž, žm'''.
-# '''''ste'''.ob.ronir'' "surf" versus ''on.'''st'''i'' "then" (as opposed to ''on.ste.i'')
+# '''''stë'''.ob.ronir'' "surf" versus ''on.'''st'''i'' "then" (as opposed to ''on.stë.i'')
-# '''''le'''.jêk.tšu'' "syllable" versus ''êlin.'''l'''u'' "Greek" (as opposed to ''êlin.le.u'')
+# '''''lë'''.jek.tšu'' "syllable" versus ''elin.'''l'''u'' "Greek" (as opposed to ''elin.lë.u'')
 ===Constituent Order===
@@ Line 411: / Line 425: @@
 "I will read all of your red books."
-# zjavax fsa ta sorxa girkju.
+# zjavazax fsa ta sorxa girkju.
-# zjavax ta fsa sorxa girkju.
+# zjavazax ta fsa sorxa girkju.
-# zjavax sorxa ta fsa girkju.
+# zjavazax sorxa ta fsa girkju.
-# zjavax ta sorxa fsa girkju.
+# zjavazax ta sorxa fsa girkju.
 "You drive to the office this evening because of the rain."
-# loğe rígeňu êtábenti ronkur samgepu mêxrê daftêru.
+# loğe rígëňu etábënti ronkur samgëpu mexre dafteru.
-# êtábenti ronkur samgepu mêxrê daftêru loğe rígeňu.
+# etábënti ronkur samgëpu mexre dafteru loğe rígëňu.
 ==Vocabulary==
@@ Line 447: / Line 461: @@
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|eye
-| style="text-align: center;"|tšêšu
+| style="text-align: center;"|tšešu
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|heart
-| style="text-align: center;"|hêtsu
+| style="text-align: center;"|hetsu
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|tooth
@@ Line 465: / Line 479: @@
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|teardrop
-| style="text-align: center;"|slezu
+| style="text-align: center;"|slëzu
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|water
@@ Line 471: / Line 485: @@
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|dead
-| style="text-align: center;"|nekjaňa
+| style="text-align: center;"|nëkjaňa
 |}
@@ Line 484: / Line 498: @@
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|white
-| style="text-align: center;"|sêfida
+| style="text-align: center;"|sefida
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|gray
@@ Line 493: / Line 507: @@
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|pink
-| style="text-align: center;"|sêfidsorxa
+| style="text-align: center;"|sefidsorxa
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|crimson
@@ Line 505: / Line 519: @@
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|light blue
-| style="text-align: center;"|sjêlsina
+| style="text-align: center;"|sjelsina
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|cyan
@@ Line 533: / Line 547: @@
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|1
-| style="text-align: center;"|jêk
+| style="text-align: center;"|jek
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|2
@@ Line 548: / Line 562: @@
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|6
-| style="text-align: center;"|šêš
+| style="text-align: center;"|šeš
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|7
-| style="text-align: center;"|sédem
+| style="text-align: center;"|sem
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|8
@@ Line 563: / Line 577: @@
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|11
-| style="text-align: center;"|aňjêk
+| style="text-align: center;"|aňjek
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|12
@@ Line 581: / Line 595: @@
 |-
 | style="text-align: center;"|10000
-| style="text-align: center;"|eňaorh
+| style="text-align: center;"|ëňaorh
 |}
 ==Sample Translations==
-* fsa umanseju nasejr diňitêti ve drêjti lijra ve hama.  samhulejr loğu ve isikdju, ve irêti endêrxunti silejr bratéonbi.
+* fsa umansëju nasëjr diňiteti vë drejti lijra vë hama.  samhulëjr loğu vë isikdju, vë ireti ënderxunti silëjr brate̋onbi.
 :: ''"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."''
 ::: Source: ''Universal Declaration of Human Rights; Article 1''
-* lešpur mo uste dêzumar.  omuzkešpur mo uste mêtšumar.  prefigšpuf mo uste omuzar.
+* lëšpur mo ustë dezumar.  omuzkëšpur mo ustë metšumar.  prëfigšpuf mo ustë omuzar.
 :: ''"Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn."''
 ::: Source: Benjamin Franklin
-* frezamondêzumortkasjo losštrêftšejr veraskir tšo.
+* frëzamondezumortkasjo losštreftšëjr vëraskir tšo.
 :: ''"Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it."''
 ::: Source: Jorge Santayana
-* ahama tšer ni istir djebuskir.  djebuskvolhu têner tša vodžudloğu.
+* ahama tšër ni istir djëbuskir.  djëbuskvolhu tenër tša vodžudloğu.
 :: "''The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing.''"