Proto-Tungric: Difference between revisions
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====''n''-stems==== | ====''n''-stems==== | ||
Any gender. Masculine and feminine are conjugated the same. Feminine ''n''-stems are rare, since most original cases were reformed to ''ōn''-stems. | Any gender. Masculine and feminine are conjugated the same.<!-- Feminine ''n''-stems are rare, since most original cases were reformed to ''ōn''-stems.--> | ||
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center | {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center | ||
! !! colspan="2"| *gemô ''m.'' "man" <!--|| colspan="2"| *ahtijō ''f.'' "action" -->|| colspan="2"| *namô ''n.'' "name" || colspan="2"| *ankwô ''n.'' "fat, grease" | ! !! colspan="2"| *gemô ''m.'' "man" <!--|| colspan="2"| *ahtijō ''f.'' "action" -->|| colspan="2"| *namô ''n.'' "name" || colspan="2"| *ankwô ''n.'' "fat, grease" | ||
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! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| rowspan="2"| *gem'''ô''' | | rowspan="2"| *gem'''ô''' | ||
| rowspan="2"| * | | rowspan="2"| *gem'''aniz''' | ||
<!--| rowspan="2"| *aht'''ijô''' | <!--| rowspan="2"| *aht'''ijô''' | ||
| rowspan="2"| *aht'''īniz'''--> | | rowspan="2"| *aht'''īniz'''--> | ||
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| rowspan="3"| *nam'''nō''' | | rowspan="3"| *nam'''nō''' | ||
| rowspan="3"| *ankw'''ô''' | | rowspan="3"| *ankw'''ô''' | ||
| rowspan="3"| *anw''' | | rowspan="3"| *anw'''anō''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Vocative | ! Vocative | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| * | | *gem'''anį''' | ||
| * | | *gem'''aninz''' | ||
<!--| *aht'''īnį''' | <!--| *aht'''īnį''' | ||
| *aht'''īninz'''--> | | *aht'''īninz'''--> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| * | | *gem'''aniz''' | ||
| * | | *gem'''anǭ''' | ||
<!--| *aht'''īniz''' | <!--| *aht'''īniz''' | ||
| *aht'''īnǭ'''--> | | *aht'''īnǭ'''--> | ||
| *nam'''niz''' | | *nam'''niz''' | ||
| *nam'''nǭ''' | | *nam'''nǭ''' | ||
| *ankw''' | | *ankw'''aniz''' | ||
| *ankw''' | | *ankw'''anǭ''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| * | | *gem'''anī''' | ||
| rowspan="2"| * | | rowspan="2"| *gem'''ambiz''' | ||
<!--| aht'''īnī''' | <!--| aht'''īnī''' | ||
| rowspan="2"| *aht'''īmbiz'''--> | | rowspan="2"| *aht'''īmbiz'''--> | ||
| *nam'''nī''' | | *nam'''nī''' | ||
| rowspan="2"| *nam'''nibiz''' | | rowspan="2"| *nam'''nibiz''' | ||
| *ankw''' | | *ankw'''anī''' | ||
| rowspan="2"| *ankw''' | | rowspan="2"| *ankw'''ambiz''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| * | | *gem'''ani''' | ||
<!--| *aht'''īni'''--> | <!--| *aht'''īni'''--> | ||
| *nam'''ni''' | | *nam'''ni''' | ||
| *ankw''' | | *ankw'''ani''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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<!--#''*ahtijô'' is an example of a ''ijô''-type '' ''n''-stem, where expected ''-ijin-'' is contracted to ''-īn-''. Similarly, in ''jô''-type ''n''-stems, expected ''-jin-'' is contracted to ''-in-''.--> | <!--#''*ahtijô'' is an example of a ''ijô''-type '' ''n''-stem, where expected ''-ijin-'' is contracted to ''-īn-''. Similarly, in ''jô''-type ''n''-stems, expected ''-jin-'' is contracted to ''-in-''.--> | ||
#Some ''n''-stems have an irregular nominative singular ending (or, in the case of neuter nouns, nominative-vocative-accusative ending). | #Some ''n''-stems have an irregular nominative singular ending (or, in the case of neuter nouns, nominative-vocative-accusative ending). | ||
#''n''-stems whose nominative singular end in *''-ijô'' or ''-jô'' have *''-īn-'' and *''-in-'' respectively instead of expected **''- | #''n''-stems whose nominative singular end in *''-ijô'' or ''-jô'' have *''-īn-'' and *''-in-'' respectively instead of expected **''-ijan-'' or **''-jan-''. | ||
#Besides ''j''-stems, some irregular ''n''-stems have *''-in-'' where *''-an-'' would be expected. | |||
====''ōn''-stems==== | ====''ōn''-stems==== | ||