Minhast: Difference between revisions

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==== Incorporated Noun ====

~~Restrictions on incorporated nouns~~: ~~they can only be noun stems;~~ case and ~~other markers are not allowed~~. ~~Morphophenemic operations may occur as~~ a ~~result~~ of the ~~incorporation~~ process. ~~These operations may be seen~~ in the [[Minhast#Phonology|Phonology]] section.

Like many polysynthetic languages, such as Ainu and the Iroquioan languages, Minhast employs noun incorporation (NI) extensively to carry out various processes: derivation, case modification and valence operations, and discourse manipulation. The motivating factors for NI is a complex topic which is dealt separately in "On the Nature of Noun Incorporation in Minhast" (article forthcoming).

Noun incorporation is the process whereby a noun lexeme is absorbed into the verb complex. The noun is stripped of any inflectional markers and is then inserted immediately after the verb root. The noun is essentially treated as a verbal affix and plays an important morphological role. The incorporated noun is subject to complex morphophonemic sandhi, as described earlier in the [[Minhast#Phonology|Phonology]] section; moreover, a noun may have a reduced or irregular incorporating form, as in the case of ''-rupmak-'' >> ''ruppamak'' (face).

One thing to bear in mind is that not all nouns can be incorporated. Proper nouns and kinship terms, e.g. ''anxea'' (brother) cannot be incorporated. Similarly, toponyms and denonyms cannot be incorporated. Only one lexical noun root can be incorporated. Only nouns functioning in certain case roles, namely Patients, Instrumentals, and Locatives can be incorporated, with Locatives restricted to locomotive and positional verbs.

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 ==== Incorporated Noun ====
-Restrictions on incorporated nouns: they can only be noun stems; case and other markers are not allowed. Morphophenemic operations may occur as a result of the incorporation process.  These operations may be seen in the [[Minhast#Phonology|Phonology]] section.
+Like many polysynthetic languages, such as Ainu and the Iroquioan languages, Minhast employs noun incorporation (NI) extensively to carry out various processes: derivation, case modification and valence operations, and discourse manipulation.  The motivating factors for NI is a complex topic which is dealt separately in "On the Nature of Noun Incorporation in Minhast" (article forthcoming).
+Noun incorporation is the process whereby a noun lexeme is absorbed into the verb complex.  The noun is stripped of any inflectional markers and is then inserted immediately after the verb root.  The noun is essentially  treated as a verbal affix and plays an important morphological role.  The incorporated noun is subject to complex morphophonemic sandhi, as  described earlier in the [[Minhast#Phonology|Phonology]] section; moreover, a noun may have a reduced or irregular incorporating form, as in the case of ''-rupmak-'' >> ''ruppamak'' (face).
+One thing to bear in mind is that not all nouns can be incorporated.  Proper nouns and kinship terms, e.g. ''anxea'' (brother) cannot be incorporated.  Similarly, toponyms and denonyms cannot be incorporated.  Only one lexical noun root can be incorporated.  Only nouns functioning in certain case roles, namely Patients, Instrumentals, and Locatives can be incorporated, with Locatives restricted to locomotive and positional verbs.
 {{Minhast_Prepronominal_Affixes_Template}}