Niemish: Difference between revisions
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Coronal consonants were palatalised during this gemination, and the voiced affricate /dz/ converted to /z/. It is thought that voiced sibilants degeminated before compensatory shortening occurred, but it is also possible that - as with ''h'', ''w'' - geminated voiced fricatives were simply disallowed at all stages (this also accounts for why ''b'', ''d'', ''g'' ceased to be fricatives with gemination). | Coronal consonants were palatalised during this gemination, and the voiced affricate /dz/ converted to /z/. It is thought that voiced sibilants degeminated before compensatory shortening occurred, but it is also possible that - as with ''h'', ''w'' - geminated voiced fricatives were simply disallowed at all stages (this also accounts for why ''b'', ''d'', ''g'' ceased to be fricatives with gemination). | ||
''tj, dj, sj, zj'' → /tts, ddz, ʃʃ, ʒʒ/ → /tts, z, ʃʃ, ʒ/ | ''tj, dj, þj, sj, zj'' → /tts, ddz, þþj, ʃʃ, ʒʒ/ → /tts, z, ttj, ʃʃ, ʒ/ → /tt͡s, z, tt͡ʃ, ʃʃ, ʒ/ | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍀𐌻𐌰𐍀𐌾𐌰#Gothic|*platja]]'' → ''*plattsa'' → ''[[Contionary:platz#Niemish|plàtz]]'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍀𐌻𐌰𐍀𐌾𐌰#Gothic|*platja]]'' → ''*plattsa'' → ''[[Contionary:platz#Niemish|plàtz]]'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽#Gothic|daddjan]]'' → ''*daddzan'' → '' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽#Gothic|daddjan]]'' → ''*daddzan'' → ''dazond'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽#Gothic|láisjan]]'' → ''*lēʃʃan'' → '' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽#Gothic|skaþjan]]'' → ''*skæþþjan'' → ''*skættjan'' → ''skaczond'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽#Gothic|láisjan]]'' → ''*lēʃʃan'' → ''leszond'' | |||
*Post-Got. ''[[wikt:𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉#Gothic|aíkkleizjō]]'' → ''*klīʒʒō'' → ''[[Contionary:klizsza#Niemish|klízsza]]'' | *Post-Got. ''[[wikt:𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉#Gothic|aíkkleizjō]]'' → ''*klīʒʒō'' → ''[[Contionary:klizsza#Niemish|klízsza]]'' | ||
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The prepalatal gemination was a very early sound change, likely beginning in late Post-Gothic itself. The coronal palatalisation is also found in early Romance and what little is attested of the closely related [[w:Vandalic_language|Vandalic language]]. | The prepalatal gemination was a very early sound change, likely beginning in late Post-Gothic itself. The coronal palatalisation is also found in early Romance and what little is attested of the closely related [[w:Vandalic_language|Vandalic language]]. | ||
It is thought that ''dj'' initially became */ddz/ before /z/, both because it patterns with ''tj'' → /tts/ and because Gothic ''[[wikt:𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽#Gothic|daddjan]]'' became '' | It is thought that ''dj'' initially became */ddz/ before /z/, both because it patterns with ''tj'' → /tts/ and because Gothic ''[[wikt:𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽#Gothic|daddjan]]'' became ''dazond''; had degeminated /z/ arisen in the Post-Gothic period, extended Thurneysen's law would have devoiced the consonant to give ''*dasond''. There are no examples of ''z'' arising from the coronal palatalisation being affected by extended Thurneysen's law. | ||
The voiceless fricative ''þj'' was stopped to /tj/ later, during the Middle Niemish period. | |||
Voiceless plosives also geminated before the syllabic liquid consonants ''l'', ''m'', ''n'', ''r'': | Voiceless plosives also geminated before the syllabic liquid consonants ''l'', ''m'', ''n'', ''r'': | ||
*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aplaz#Proto-Germanic|*aplaz]]'' → ''[[Contionary: | *P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aplaz#Proto-Germanic|*aplaz]]'' → ''[[Contionary:appol#Niemish|àppol]]'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍃𐌹𐍄𐌻𐍃#Gothic|sitls]]'' → ''[[Contionary:sittil#Niemish|sìttil]]'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍃𐌹𐍄𐌻𐍃#Gothic|sitls]]'' → ''[[Contionary:sittil#Niemish|sìttil]]'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌽𐍃#Gothic|táikn]]'' → ''[[Contionary: | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌽𐍃#Gothic|táikn]]'' → ''[[Contionary:tzakken#Niemish|tzàkken]]'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌰𐌺𐍂𐍃#Gothic|akrs]]'' → ''[[Contionary: | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌰𐌺𐍂𐍃#Gothic|akrs]]'' → ''[[Contionary:akker#Niemish|àkker]]'' | ||
Other consonants did not: | Other consonants did not: | ||
*Lat. ''[[wikt:tabla#Latin|tabla]]'' → '' | *Lat. ''[[wikt:tabla#Latin|tabla]]'' → ''tabol''<ref name="tabul">''tabol'' is no longer extant in Niemish, although the dual definite form ''{{term|Tabla#Niemish|Tabla}}'' is still used as a name for the game Backgammon.</ref> | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍆𐍉𐌳𐍂#Gothic|fōdr]]'' → ''[[Contionary:fudor#Niemish|fúdor]]'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍆𐍉𐌳𐍂#Gothic|fōdr]]'' → ''[[Contionary:fudor#Niemish|fúdor]]'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃#Gothic|bagms]]'' → ''[[Contionary: | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃#Gothic|bagms]]'' → ''[[Contionary:bachom#Niemish|báchom]]'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍄𐌰𐌲𐍂#Gothic|tagr]]'' → ''[[Contionary: | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍄𐌰𐌲𐍂#Gothic|tagr]]'' → ''[[Contionary:tagor#Niemish|tágor]]'' | ||
*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/*wazrą#Proto-Germanic|*wazrą]]'' → Post-Got. ''wasr'' → ''[[Contionary: | *P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/*wazrą#Proto-Germanic|*wazrą]]'' → Post-Got. ''wasr'' → ''[[Contionary:waszor#Niemish|wàszor]]'' | ||
====Epenthesis==== | ====Epenthesis==== | ||